Haverfordwest
Haverfordwest
| |
---|---|
Location within Pembrokeshire | |
Population | 12,042 (Community 2011)[1] |
OS grid reference | SM955155 |
Community |
|
Principal area | |
Preserved county | |
Country | Wales |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Post town | HAVERFORDWEST |
Postcode district | SA61, SA62 |
Dialling code | 01437 |
Police | Dyfed-Powys |
Fire | Mid and West Wales |
Ambulance | Welsh |
Preseli Pembrokeshire | |
Haverfordwest (
Haverfordwest is located in a strategic position, being at the
Topography
Haverfordwest is a
Toponymy
The name of the town means "
History
Haverfordwest has been
Origins
Scores of Iron Age and Roman coinage and artefact discoveries, and excavations by the Dyfed Archaeological Trust under the direction of Heather James at Carmarthen (Moridunum) in the 1980s, point to significant Roman penetration to this westernmost part of Wales. The strategic position of Haverfordwest with its defensive bluff overlooking the lowest fordable point on the western Cleddau and accessible to sea traffic would have required a Roman presence, probably modest in scale, from the 1st century AD to protect supplies to and from the coast, e.g. the Roman legionary headquarters at Caerleon were roofed with slates from the lower slopes of the
Phillips claimed that the pre-Norman name of Haverfordwest was Caer Alun, so named by the Emperor Maximus (Macsim Gwledig). His sources are not given but the Cambro-Briton in 1822 also recorded that Maximus, the last Roman Emperor of Britain, a man who for a time divided the Roman Empire with Theodosius I, on withdrawing Roman legions from Britain granted civic status and Celtic names to a number of pacified Romano-British settlements, including Southampton, Chichester, Old Sarum near Salisbury, Carmarthen (Caerfyrddin) and Haverfordwest (Caer Alun). Maximus had married Elen, a Welsh noblewoman, and they had three sons. Phillips claims that the name actually given to the town was Caer Elen, in honour of his wife (the name later changing to Caer Alun).
Medieval period
The ecclesiastical centre of the area (perhaps the seat of a bishop in the Age of the Saints) was probably one of the several churches of the local St Ismael, most probably
The proposition that
The Flemish presence, reputed to result from floods in the
A Fleming, Wizo, who died in 1130 founded at Wiston a motte and bailey fortification, the forerunner of the stone castle, for protection against the Welsh warlords: the Flemings were reportedly unpopular wherever they settled. The precarious position of Normans and Flemings was demonstrated in 1136 when the Normans, having already lost 500 men in battle at
St Mary's Church originated at the end of the 12th century and the current (Grade I listed) building was constructed between the 13th and 15th centuries[12] and prominently visible at the top of the High Street.
Haverfordwest rapidly grew, initially around the castle and St Martin's Church (the settlement being called Castletown), then spreading into the High Street area. It immediately became the capital of the hundred of
In common with other large towns in Europe, Haverfordwest was hit hard by the
Post-medieval
During the English Civil War, the burgesses of the borough supported Parliament, while the ruling gentry were Royalist. As a result, there was considerable conflict, and the town changed hands five times.[16] There followed a period of stagnation in which the comparative status of the town declined.
20th century
Some 1,200 men of Pembrokeshire lost their lives in World War I, and Haverfordwest was the location chosen for the County of Pembroke War Memorial, unveiled in 1921. Its current location is Picton Place, close by County Hall, and it is Grade II listed.[17] Haverfordwest was bombed for the first time during World War II on 24 September 1940. The City Road and New Road areas were hit, although there had been little preparation and no warning siren sounded. There were no casualties.[18]
Haverfordwest today has the air of a typical small country market town, but the centre still conveys the feel of the important mediaeval borough. The once run-down riverside area has been renovated and Bridge Street has been pedestrianised and improved.
, United States, are all named after Haverfordwest.21st century
In October 2022, the remains of 307 people, including children, were unearthed by archaeologists working on the remnants of a
Governance
Local government
There are two tiers of local government covering Haverfordwest, at community (town) and county level: Haverfordwest Town Council and Pembrokeshire County Council. The town council is based at the Old Wool Market on Quay Street.[20] Pembrokeshire County Council is also based in Haverfordwest, at County Hall on Freemens Way.[21]
For local government purposes the community of Haverfordwest comprises five wards: Castle, Prendergast, Portfield, Priory and Garth. The community has its own town council and mayor.[22]
Pembrokeshire County Council conducted an extensive review of community boundaries in 2007[23] which made a number of submissions to the boundary commission for Wales. These submissions included a number of recommendations for the extension of the Haverfordwest community boundary where there had been perceived community overspill due to housing developments. These suggestions were mostly implemented,[24] with one significant exception[25] leading to an increase in the number of electors in the Haverfordwest community. One area of contention concerned the status of the village of Merlin's Bridge which continues to have its own community council despite its close proximity to Haverfordwest and a degree of community overspill.[26] As such the conurbation of Haverfordwest and Merlin's Bridge is the most populous urban area in Pembrokeshire though Haverfordwest's community boundaries mean it is only the second most populous community in the county after Milford Haven.[4]
Haverfordwest is
Senedd and Westminster representation
Haverfordwest is part of the Preseli Pembrokeshire Senedd constituency and UK Parliamentary constituency. The local Senedd Member is Paul Davies of the Conservative Party[27] and the local Member of Parliament is Stephen Crabb,[28] also a Conservative.
Administrative history
Haverfordwest was an ancient borough, receiving its first charter from Henry II in 1169. The borough was given the right to appoint its own sheriff in 1479, and in 1545 was declared to be a county corporate. The borough was reformed to become a municipal borough under the Municipal Corporations Act 1835.[14][29] The borough covered all of the parish of St Mary, parts of the parishes of St Martin, St Thomas, Prendergast, and Uzmaston, and an extra-parochial area (deemed to be a parish from 1866) called Furzy Park and Portfield.[30][31] Under the Local Government Act 1894, parishes which straddled borough boundaries were split into separate parishes for the parts inside and outside the borough. The part of Uzmaston within the borough therefore became a parish called Cartlett, the part of Prendergast outside the borough became a parish called North Prendergast, and the parts of St Martin and St Thomas parishes outside the borough became parishes called St Martin Hamlet and St Thomas Hamlet respectively. The parishes outside the borough were all included in the Haverfordwest Rural District. The six parishes within the borough after 1894 were therefore Cartlett, Furzy Park and Portfield, Prendergast, St Mary, St Martin, and St Thomas. These were urban parishes and so did not have their own parish councils, with the lowest level representative body being the Haverfordwest Borough Council.[32]
Haverfordwest's status as a county corporate from 1545 made it independent from Pembrokeshire. When elected county councils were established in 1889 the town was brought back into Pembrokeshire for local government purposes, being under the control of
Haverfordwest had a medieval guildhall which stood at the top (west end) of High Street in front of St Mary's Church. The guildhall served as the meeting place for both the borough corporation and the Pembrokeshire Quarter Sessions until the 1830s.[38] In 1837 the county authorities built themselves Shire Hall at the bottom (east end) of High Street.[39] The guildhall was demolished and the borough corporation met instead in a room above the north porch of St Mary's Church until that room was demolished in 1861. In 1871 the borough acquired newly built premises at 1 St Mary's Lane to serve as the council's offices and meeting place.[40][41][42] In 1954 the borough council moved to Picton House at 2 Picton Place, an 1830s house on the bank of the Western Cleddau, and remained based there until the council's abolition in 1974.[43][44][45]
Haverfordwest Municipal Borough was abolished in 1974, becoming part of the district of Preseli (renamed Preseli Pembrokeshire in 1987) within the county of Dyfed. A community covering the former borough was established at the same time, with its council taking the name Haverfordwest Town Council.[46][47] Preseli Pembrokeshire was abolished in 1996 and the area became part of a re-established Pembrokeshire.[48] Haverfordwest Town Council continued to use the former borough council's premises at Picton House as its headquarters until 2020, when it moved to the Old Wool Market, a converted late eighteenth century wool market and warehouse building on the quayside.[49][50]
Demography
The 2011 census recorded a population of 12,042 living within the community boundary.[4] The urban area extends beyond the community boundary in various places, notably at Merlin's Bridge to the south of the town, which forms a separate community but is deemed by the Office for National Statistics to form part of the Haverfordwest built-up area.[51] The population of the Haverfordwest built-up area was 14,596 in 2011.[3]
Economy
In accordance with its status as a sub-regional hub-town, Haverfordwest continues to serve as Pembrokeshire's principal commercial and retail centre.[52] The development of the riverside shopping centre in Withybush on the outskirts of the town includes Marks & Spencer in 2010[53] and Debenhams in 2013.[54]
A new town library opened in 2018 in the former Riverside Market building.
Concerns about the relative decline of the historic town centre compared to the growth of the retail centre at Withybush led to Welsh historian John Davies expressing his concern that Haverfordwest is becoming "a medieval town surrounded by tin sheds".[citation needed]
Education
Schools and colleges in Haverfordwest:
- Haverfordwest Grammar School, 1488–1978, became a public school in the 1920s, making it one of only two public schools in Wales at that time.
- Tasker Milward School.[55]
- Pembrokeshire College, an affiliated college of the University of Glamorgan, is situated in the Merlin's Bridge suburb of the town. The college serves as the principal centre of further and higher education in Pembrokeshire.
- Ysgol Caer Elen, a Welsh-medium school for pupils aged 3 to 16, opened in 2018, replacing Ysgol Gymraeg Glan Cleddau. The new school cost £28 million to build and has the capacity for 315 primary and 600 secondary pupils. The nursery has the capacity for 45 children.[56]
- Redhill Preparatory School is an independent school established in 2001 which includes a Montessori learning component for younger pupils.[57]
- Waldo Williams Primary School opened in 2019, combining the former Mt Airey and Haverfordwest Church in Wales VC schools. It is named after the poet Waldo Williams (1904–1971).[58]
- Mary Immaculate Primary School, a Catholic primary school.
Sport and leisure
In 2009, Haverfordwest's sports and leisure provision benefited from significant investment, with the opening of a new £8 million leisure centre situated at St. Thomas Green.[59][60]
The kayaking club venture to sea as well as using the rivers.[61]
Haverfordwest High VC School benefits from a wide range of sporting facilities, including a purpose-built sports centre with a hockey pitch, artificial turf and a full-sized athletics track.
Health
Transport
Haverfordwest is served by Haverfordwest Airport.
Haverfordwest bus station is located beside Riverside Quay Shopping Centre. It has six bus stops with two additional bays for coach drop off/pickup.[63] It is served by Edwards Coaches, First Cymru, National Express and Richards Brothers.
Forming one of the major "road hubs" of West Wales, the town is at the junction of the
Notable people
- Augustus Anson, VC (1835–1877), member of the Anson family and recipient of the Victoria Cross, born at Slebech Hall.
- The Dark Knight Trilogy, was born in Haverfordwest
- Stephen Crabb (born 1973), politician, MP for Preseli Pembrokeshire since 2005; brought up in Haverfordwest.[64]
- Captain Francis Cromie CB, DSO (1882–1918), Royal Navy commander and the first member of the British military to lose his life in Russia after the revolution, attended Haverfordwest Grammar School. A a street in the town and house at the Grammar School were named after him
- Geraint Wyn Davies (born 1957), a Welsh-born Canadian actor, spent his early life in the town, where his father was the Congregational Church minister.
- How Do You Solve a Problem Like Maria?, lived in Haverfordwest from the age of six.
- June and Jennifer Gibbons (born 1963), the selective mute twins, whose story gained international interest after Marjorie Wallace documented their story, lived in Haverfordwest for much of their childhood.
- George Herbert Harries (1860–1934), an American businessman, newspaper editor and U.S. Army major general; born in the town.[65]
- Terry Higgins (1945–1982), among the first people known to die of an AIDS-related illness in the UK, lived in Haverfordwest as a child. The Terrence Higgins Trust is named after him.[66]
- Rhys Ifans (born 1967), actor, starred in the 1997 black comedy Twin Town and played Hugh Grant's delusional flatmate in Notting Hill, was born in Haverfordwest
- Elis James (born 1980), stand-up comedian and actor, was born in Haverfordwest and raised in Carmarthen.
- Sir William James, 1st Baronet (1721–1783), born at Bolton Hill Mill, near Haverfordwest; 18th C. naval officer.[67]
- Gwen John (1876–1939), artist, was born in Haverfordwest; her younger brother Augustus John (1878–1961), also an artist, was born in nearby Tenby and lived in Haverfordwest.
- Zoe Lyons (born 1971), comedian, born in Haverfordwest.
- Chelsea Manning (born 1989), American activist and whistleblower, lived in Haverfordwest as a child.[68]
- James Miller (1968–2003), a Welsh cameraman, producer and director; killed by Israel Defense Forces gunfire; born in the town.[69]
- William Owen(1791–1879), local architect, Mayor of Haverfordwest on four occasions and High Sheriff of Pembrokeshire.
- Sir John Perrot (1528–1592), said to be an illegitimate son of Henry VIII, was born in Haverfordwest.[70]
- Fiona Phillips (born 1961), TV presenter, lived in Haverfordwest from the age of 18.
- Greg Pickersgill (born 1951), an influential science fiction fan, was born in Haverfordwest and still lives there.
- The Sir Thomas Picton School in 1978.[71]
- Sir Thomas Picton GCB (1758–1815), a British army general, was born in Haverfordwest and killed at the Battle of Waterloo.[72]
- Juliette Pochin (born 1971), a Welsh classically trained mezzo-soprano singer, born in Haverfordwest
- Gruff Rhys (born 1970), singer of indie rock band Super Furry Animals, was born here.
- John Lort Stokes (1811–1885), an officer in the Royal Navy who travelled on HMS Beagle; born at nearby Scotchwell.[73]
- Graham McPherson (born 1961), aka Suggs, lead singer of Madness, attended Haverfordwest Grammar School for Boys in the early 1970s.
- George Trefgarne, 1st Baron Trefgarne (1894–1960), politician, barrister, businessman and editor of the Daily Dispatch; born in the town.[74]
- Lucy Walter (ca.1630 – 1658), a mistress of Charles II, was born at Roch Castle near Haverfordwest.[75]
- Waldo Williams (1904–1971), Welsh-language poet and pacifist, was born in Haverfordwest.
Sport
- Henry Baird DSO (1878–1950), cricketer and Army officer; recipient of the Distinguished Service Order for actions in the Second Boer War.
- Simon Davies (born 1979), a footballer who played for Fulham and with 58 caps for Wales, was born in Haverfordwest.
- Dominic Day (born 1985), a Welsh rugby union player with 28 international caps
- Mark Delaney (born 1976), a retired footballer who played for Cardiff City, Aston Villa and 36 times for Wales, was born in Haverfordwest.
- Simon Halliday (born 1960), an England rugby union international with 23 caps, was born in Haverfordwest.
- Angharad James (born 1994), a footballer with 102 caps for Wales
- Ben Llewellin (born 1994), a Welsh sports shooter, silver medallist at the 2018 Commonwealth Games.
- Peter Morgan(born 1959), a councillor, mayor and rugby player (Llanelli, Wales and British Lions) born locally and went to school in Haverfordwest.
Freedom of the Town
People and military units that have honoured with the Freedom of the Town of Haverfordwest include:
Individuals
- Vice Admiral Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson: 1802[76][77]
- Admiral Sir Thomas Foley: 1802[76][77]
Military units
- 14 Signal Regiment: 4 March 2009[78]
See also
Bibliography
- Humphrey Holdfast, Haverfordwest And Its Story, Llewellyn Brigstocke, Publisher, 7 Market Street, Haverfordwest, 1882 (published by subscription).
- Dillwyn Miles (ed) A History of Haverfordwest, Gomer, 1999, ISBN 1-85902-738-5
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External links
- Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 80–81. .
- Haverfordwest Town Museum
- Haverfordwest Civic Society
- Further historical information and links on GENUKI