Hazaras

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This article is about the ethnic group of Afghanistan. It is not to be confused with the Hindko-speaking Hazarewal people of the Hazara region in Pakistan, or with the historic Khazars.
Hazara
هزاره
Aimaqs, Uzbeks, Tajiks, Mongolic peoples,[14][15][16] Turkic peoples
[17][18][19][20][21][22]

The Hazaras (

Dari Persian, is one of two official languages of Afghanistan
.

Hazaras are one of the most persecuted groups in Afghanistan.

their persecution has occurred various times across previous decades.[25]

Etymology

The etymology of the word "Hazara" remains disputed, but some have differing opinions on the term.

Origin

A miniature of Emir Muhammad Khwaja

Despite being one of the principal population elements of Afghanistan,

mixed ethnic group[38] with Hazaras sharing varying degrees of ancestry with contemporary Mongolic,[14][15][16] Turkic and Iranic populations.[38][39][20][21][40][22] The external characteristics of the Hazaras and Char Aimaks are Mongolian, and they are probably a relic of the Mongol invasion.[34] Additionally, Hazaras share a common racial structure and physical appearance with the Turkic people of Central Asia.[22][41]

Over the course of centuries, invading

Turco-Mongol) and Turkic invaders, notably, the Qara'unas, the Chagatai Turco-Mongols, the Ilkhanate, and the Timurids, merged with the local indigenous Turkic and Iranic populations. Academics agree that Hazaras are ultimately the result of a combination of several Turkic, Mongolic, and Iranic tribes.[42]

Despite being a mix of multiple distinct ethnicities, a number of researchers in their works write focusing on the Mongolic component. Authors, along with the term Hazaras, use the name Hazara Mongols: such as Elizabeth Emaline Bacon,[15][43] Barbara A. West,[44] Yuri Averyanov,[45] Elbrus Sattsayev[46] and other. According to historian Lutfi Temirkhanov, the Mongolian detachments left in Afghanistan by Genghis Khan or his successors became the starting layer, the basis of the Hazara ethnogenesis.[14] According to him, the Turkic elements compared to the Mongolian ones played a secondary role.[47] The Hazaras in the Ghilji neighborhood are called Mongols.[48] The participation of the Mongols in the ethnogenesis of the Hazaras is evidenced by linguistic data, historical sources, data on toponymy,[49] as well as works on population genetics.[50] Such scholars as Vasily Bartold,[51] Ármin Vámbéry,[52] Vadim Masson, Vadim Romodin,[53] Ilya Petrushevsky,[54] Allah Rakha, Fatima, Min-Sheng Peng, Atif Adan, Rui Bi, Memona Yasmin, Yong-Gang Yao wrote about the historical use of the Mongolian language by the Hazaras.[55]

Genetics

Colored dice with white background
Ethnic Hazara men in Behsud, Maidan Wardak
Colored dice with checkered background
Hazaras on the anniversary of Abdul Ali Mazari's death in 2021 in Kabul

Genetically, the Hazara combine varying amounts of

Iranic peoples.[57]

The frequency of ancestry components among the Hazaras vary according to tribal affiliation. They display high genetic affinity to present-day Turkic populations of Central Asia and Mongolic populations of East Asia.[58] In terms of their overall genetic makeup, around 49% of the Hazaras average gene pool is derived from East Asian-like sources, around 48% is derived from European-like sources, and around 0,17%, 0,47%, and 2,30% is derived from African, Oceanian, and Amerindian-like sources respectively.[59]

One analysis argues that the Hazaras are closely related to the Turkic populations of Central Asia, rather than

genetic makeup is similar to the Turkic Uzbek, Uyghur, Kazakh, Kyrgyz[61] and Mongolic populations.[59][58]

Other study demonstrate that Hazara shares more alleles with East Asians than with other Central Asians and carries 57.8% Mongolian-related ancestry.[58][62] Hazaras have experienced genetic admixture with the local or neighboring populations and formed the current East-West Eurasian admixed genetic profile after their separation from the Mongolians.[58]

Paternal haplogroups

The most common paternal DNA haplogroups of Hazaras from Afghanistan are the East Eurasian C-M217 (33,33%) and West Eurasian R1a1a-M17 (6.67%) clades, followed by West Eurasian J2-M172 and L-M20. Some Hazaras were also found to belong to the haplogroup E1b1b1-M35, L-M20 and H-M69, which are shared with

Eastern Africa, was found as well.[63][64]

C2 (previously known as C3-Star cluster) was the most frequent haplogroup in Pakistani and Afghan Hazaras.

Haplogroup R1b at c. 32% (8/25). A relatively high frequency of R1b was also found in Eastern Russian Tatars and Bashkirs. All three groups are thought to be associated with the Golden Horde.[65] Haplogroup C-M217, also known as C2, is the most frequent haplogroup in Mongol and Kazakh populations.[62] According to studies, Y-DNA haplogroup C2 among Hazaras is associated with the expansion of the Mongols[66] and with the Mongolian origin of the Hazaras.[67]

Maternal haplogroups

The Hazara share c. 35% maternal haplogroups with contemporary East Asian populations, while c. 65% is shared with West Eurasian populations.[68] The Hazaras as a whole have mostly West Eurasian mtDNA.[69][70][71]

History

The first mention of Hazaras is made by

Shah Abbas of the Safavid dynasty. It is reported that they embraced Shia Islam between the end of the 16th and the beginning of the 17th century, during the Safavid periods.[72][73] Hazara men, along with those of other ethnic groups, were recruited to the army of Ahmad Shah Durrani in the 18th century.[74]

19th century

Further information: 1888–1893 Hazara uprisings, Battle of Uruzgan, Persecution of Hazaras, and List of massacres against Hazaras

During the second reign of Dost Mohammad Khan in the 19th century, Hazaras from Hazarajat began to be taxed for the first time. However, for the most part, they still managed to keep their regional autonomy until the 1892 Battle of Uruzgan[75] and subsequent subjugation of Abdur Rahman Khan began in the late 19th century.[76]

When the

Hazara Uprisings
.

These campaigns had a catastrophic impact on the demographics of Hazaras causing over sixty percent of the total Hazara population to be

massacred with some being displaced and exiled from their own lands. The Hazara lands was distributed among loyalist villagers of nearby non-Hazaras. The repression after the uprising has been called genocide or ethnic cleansing in the history of modern Afghanistan.[77][78][79]

After these massacres, Abdul Rahman Khan forced many Hazara families from the Hazara areas of

Muhammad Musa Khan, who held the general's military rank in Pakistani system. Another group has settled in Syria, Iraq and British India. These Hazara people who migrated to Pakistan, Iran, Syria and Iraq were unable to settle with the people of these areas because of the differences in physical appearance, so they have not lost their language, culture and ethnic identity.[80]

20th and 21st century

Abdul Khaliq, a Hazara school student who assassinated the king of Afghanistan, Mohammad Nadir Shah

In 1901,

Afghan government captured and executed him later, along with several of his family members.[81]

Mistrust of the central government by the Hazaras and local uprisings continued. In particular, from 1945 to 1946, during

Kuchis meanwhile not only were exempted from taxes but also received allowances from the Afghan government.[72] The angry rebels began capturing and killing government officials. In response, the central government sent a force to subdue the region and later removed the taxes.[citation needed
]

Zahir Shah
's rule
Abdul Ali Mazari, a politician and the leader of Hazaras during and following the Soviet–Afghan War

The repressive policies[clarification needed] of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) after the Saur Revolution in 1978 caused uprisings throughout the country. Fearing Iranian influence, the Hazaras were particularly persecuted. President Hafizullah Amin published in October 1979 a list of 12,000 victims of the Taraki government. Among them were 7,000 Hazaras who were shot in the notorious Pul-e-Charkhi prison.[82]

During the

Islamist parties in Hazarajat.[72] By 1979, the Hazara-Islamist groups had already liberated Hazarajat from the central Soviet-backed Afghan government
and later took entire control of Hazarajat away from the secularists. By 1984, the Islamist dominance of Hazarajat was complete. As the Soviets withdrew in 1989, the Islamist groups felt the need to broaden their political appeal and turned their focus to
Northern Alliance against the common new enemy. However, despite fierce resistance Hazarajat fell to the Taliban in 1998. The Taliban had Hazarajat isolated from the rest of the world going as far as not allowing the United Nations to deliver food to the provinces of Bamyan, Ghor, Maidan Wardak and Daykundi.[83]

In 1997, a revolt broke out among Hazaras in Mazar-e Sharif when they refused to be disarmed by the Taliban; 600 Taliban were killed in subsequent fighting.[84] In retaliation, the genocidal policies of Abdur Rahman Khan's era was adopted by the Taliban. In 1998, six thousand Hazaras were killed in the north; the intention was ethnic cleansing of Hazaras.[85] In March 2001, the two giant Buddhas of Bamiyan, were also destroyed even though there was a lot of condemnation.[86]

Buddha of Bamiyan, 55 metres (180 ft) before and after destruction
Colored dice with checkered background
Smaller Buddha of Bamiyan, 38 metres (125 ft) before and after destruction
Qazi Muhammad Isa, Jinnah's close associate and a key figure of the All-India Muslim League in Balochistan, Pakistan

Hazaras have also played a significant role in the creation of Pakistan. One such Hazara was Qazi Muhammad Isa of the Sheikh Ali tribe, who had been close friends with Muhammad Ali Jinnah, having met each other for the first time while they were studying in London. He had been the first from his native province of Balochistan to obtain a Bar-at-Law degree and had helped set up the All-India Muslim League in Balochistan.[87][88]

Though Hazaras played a role in the anti-Soviet movement, other Hazaras participated in the new communist government, which actively courted Afghan minorities.

Jaffar Naderi led a pro-Communist militia in the region.[90]

During the years that followed, Hazara suffered severe oppression, and many ethnic massacres, genocides, and pogroms were carried out by the predominantly ethnic Pashtun Taliban and are documented by such groups as the Human Rights Watch.[91]

Following the

Fahim Hashimy, Maryam Monsef and others.[94]

Although Afghanistan has been historically one of the poorest countries in the world, the Hazarajat region has been kept less developed by past governments. Since the ousting of the Taliban in late 2001, billions of dollars poured into Afghanistan for reconstruction and several large-scale reconstruction projects took place in Afghanistan from August 2012. For example, there have been more than 5000 kilometers of road pavement completed across Afghanistan, of which little was done in central Afghanistan (Hazarajat). On the other hand, the

Band-e Amir in Bamyan Province became the first national park in Afghanistan. A road from Kabul to Bamyan was also built, along with new police stations, government institutions, hospitals and schools in the provinces of Bamyan, Daykundi and others mostly Hazara-populated provinces. The first ski resort in Afghanistan was also established in Bamyan Province.[95][96]

Discrimination indicates that

Kuchis (Pashtun nomads who have historically been migrating from region to region depending on the season) are allowed to use Hazarajat pastures during the summer season. It is believed that allowing the Kuchis to use some of the grazing lands in Hazarajat began during the rule of Abdur Rahman Khan.[97] Living in mountainous Hazarajat, where little farmland exists, Hazara people rely on these pasture lands for their livelihood during the long and harsh winters. In 2007 some Kuchi nomads entered into parts of Hazarajat to graze their livestock, and when the local Hazara resisted, a clash took place and several people on both sides died using assault rifles. Such events continue to occur, even after the central government was forced to intervene, including President Hamid Karzai. In late July 2012, a Hazara police commander in Uruzgan province reportedly rounded up and killed 9 Pashtun civilians in revenge for the death of two local Hazara. The matter is being investigated by the Afghan government.[97]

The drive by President Hamid Karzai after the Peace Jirga to strike a deal with Taliban leaders caused deep unease in Afghanistan's minority communities, who fought the Taliban the longest and suffered the most during their rule. The leaders of the Tajik, Uzbek and Hazara communities, vowed to resist any return of the Taliban to power, referring to the large-scale massacres of Hazara civilians during the Taliban period.[98]

Following the fall of Kabul to the Taliban in 2021, which ended the war in Afghanistan, concerns were raised as to whether the Taliban would reimpose the persecution of Hazaras as in the 1990s. An academic at Melbourne's La Trobe University said that "The Hazaras are very fearful that the Taliban will likely be reinstating the policies of the 1990s" despite Taliban reassurances that they will not revert to the bad old ways of the 1990s.[99][100]

Demographics

Further information: Demographics of Afghanistan and Ethnic groups in Afghanistan
Ethnic groups in Afghanistan

Some sources claim that Hazaras comprise about 20 to 30 percent of the total

1888–1893 Uprisings of Hazaras over sixty percent of them were massacred with some being displaced and meanwhile, they also lost a large part of their territory to non-Hazaras that could double their land size today.[77]

Geographic distribution

Afghanistan

Further information:
Hazaristan, Demographics of Afghanistan, and Ethnic groups in Afghanistan
Afghanistan and the geographical area of Hazaristan in 1890

The Hazaras are one of the largest

Hazaristan region in central Afghanistan and generally scattered throughout Afghanistan.[102]

Until the 1880s, the Hazaras were completely autonomous and controlled the entire Hazaristan region. Nowadays, the vast majority of Hazaras reside in Hazaristan and many others reside in the cities of the country.[citation needed]

Central Asia

Further information: Demographics of Central Asia

After the massacre and genocide of the Hazaras by Abdur Rahman in 1888–1893, many Hazaras migrated to Central Asia regions under the occupation of Tsarist Russia, such as Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Kazakhstan, and some of them settled mostly in Samarkand and Bukhara. Over time, a large number of Hazaras living in the regions of Tsarist Russia lost their accent, language and ethnic identity due to the similarities of their racial structure and appearance with the people of those regions and were assimilated among them.[80][103]

Pakistan

Further information:
Ethnic groups in Pakistan
Muhammad Musa Khan
, a senior general who served as Commander-in-Chief of Pakistan Army

During the period of

working-class jobs in some cities of what is now Pakistan. The earliest record of Hazara in the areas of Pakistan is found in Broadfoot's Sappers company from 1835 in Quetta. This company had also participated in the First Anglo-Afghan War. Some Hazara also worked on the agriculture farms in Sindh and the construction of the Sukkur barrage.[citation needed
] In 1962, the government of Pakistan recognized the Hazaras as one of the ethnic groups of Pakistan.[104]

Most Pakistani Hazaras are native to

Pakistan Parliament during the Zia-ul-Haq era.[citation needed
]

Despite all of this, Hazaras are often targeted by militant groups such as the

Abdul Khaliq Hazara.[107][108]

Iran

Further information:
Ethnic groups in Iran
Muhammad Yusuf Khan Hazara, the leader of Hazaras and the first Sunni representative member in the Iranian Parliament

The Hazara people in

legislatures.[111][112]

India

Main article: Attarwala

The

ittars.[113] The word attarwala means the manufacturer of perfumes. A second migration took place in 1947 from Agra, after the partition of India, with some members immigrating to Pakistan, while others joining their co-ethnics in Ahmedabad.[113]

Diaspora

Main articles: Hazara diaspora, Afghan diaspora, Hazaras in Europe, and Hazara Australians

sectarian violence in Pakistan, many Hazaras left their communities and have settled in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom and particularly the Northern European countries such as Sweden and Denmark. Some go to these countries as exchange students while others through human smuggling, which sometimes costs them their lives. Since 2001, about 1,000 people have died in the ocean while trying to reach Australia by boats from Indonesia.[106] Many of these were Hazaras. The notable case was the Tampa affair in which a shipload of refugees, mostly Hazaras, was rescued by the Norwegian freighter MV Tampa and subsequently sent to Nauru.[116]

Culture and society

Main article: Hazara culture
Further information: Culture of Afghanistan
Clothing of Hazara men c. 1840 from villages near Ghazni. Painting by James Atkinson
Yellow cartouche
Red cartouche
Hazara girls in traditional clothing

Hazara culture is a combination of customs, traditions, behaviors, beliefs, and norms that have been formed in interaction and confrontation with the surrounding phenomena for many years and now it is displayed as a cultural identity. The Hazara culture is rich in heritage, with many unique cultures, and has common influences with various cultures of

yurts, rather than houses.[117][118][119]

Attire

Main article: Hazara clothing
Further information:
Clothing in Afghanistan, Central Asian clothing, and Islamic clothing

Hazara clothing have an important and special role in supporting the cultural, traditional and social identity of the Hazara ethnicity. Hazara clothes are produced manually and by machine; In Afghanistan these types of clothes are sewn in most parts of the country, especially in central provinces of Afghanistan.[120][121]

Male clothing

Further information: Barak (cloth)

Hazara men traditionally wear

joint pains. Nowadays, the most common clothes among Hazara men is the perahan o tunban and sometimes with a hat or a turban.[120][121][122]

Female clothing

The traditional clothing of Hazara women includes a pleated skirt with a

undergarment. The lower tunbans are made of fabrics such as flowered chits and the upper skirts are made of better fabrics such as velvet or zari and net and have a border or decoration at the bottom. The women's shirt is calf-length, close-collared, and long-sleeved, and has slits on both sides that are placed on the skirts, which are admired for their completeness in the Islamic set. Hazara women's clothing has certain characteristics according to their social, economic, and age conditions. The clothes of young Hazara women are made of different fabrics in different colors and happy designs with beautiful and colorful chador, but older women prefer dark-colored fabrics with simple black and white designs. Hazara women's chador or head cover is often decorated with ornaments that is often silver or gold, and sometimes with a hat. The ornaments on the clothe is silver or gold necklace with colorful beads, buttons, bangles, and silver or gold bracelets.[120][121]

Headgear

Further information: Headgear

Hazaras traditionally wear headgear or hats, which are of different types for men and women. There are different types of Hazara hats and caps, some of which are made from animal skin and some from barak. Also some Hazara men wear the

turban of Khorasan.[123][124]

Cuisine

Main article: Hazara cuisine
Further information:
Persian cuisine

The Hazara cuisine is strongly influenced by

Persian
cuisines. However, there are special foods, cooking methods and different cooking styles that are specific to them. They have a hospitable dining etiquette. In their culture, it is customary to prepare special food for guests.[citation needed]

Language

Main articles:
Hazaragi

The Hazaras speak the

dialects of the Persian language.[125][126][37][38]

According to

Encyclopaedia Iranica, the present dialect to consist of three strata: (1) pre-Mongol Persian, with its own substratum; (2) the Mongolian language; and (3) modern tājiki, which preserves in it elements of (1) and (2).[126][101][128][129] According other sources, the Hazara population speaks Persian with some Mongolian words.[62][56] The primary differences between Persian and Hazaragi are the accent.[126] Despite these differences, Hazaragi is mutually intelligible with Dari,[125] the official language of Afghanistan.[130]

According to Doctor of Sciences Lutfi Temirkhanov, the ancestors of the Hazaras were Mongol-speaking[14][49] and only after the resettlement, they mixed with the Persian-speaking and Turkic-speaking population: "hordes of Mongol princes and feudal lords found themselves in a Persian-speaking encirclement; they mixed with them, were influenced by the Persian-Tajik culture and gradually adopted the Persian language".[131] According to a number of sources, in the 16th century the Mongolian language was common among the Hazaras.[53][51] According to Encyclopaedia Iranica, during the life of Babur part of their population spoke a Mongolian language.[24] According to the Great Russian Encyclopedia, until the 19th century Hazaras spoke Mongolian.[16][52][54][55] And according to Temirkhanov, the Mongolian elements make up 10% of the Hazara vocabulary.[132] The Turkic and Mongolic words make up about 20% of the vocabulary of Hazaragi dialect.[133]

Religion

Further information: Religion in Afghanistan and Islam in Afghanistan
Daykundi province

Hazaras predominantly practice

Non-denominational Islam.[12][13] The majority of Afghanistan's population practices Sunni Islam; this may have contributed to the discrimination against them.[29]

Shia Hazaras

There is no single theory about the acceptance of the Shi'a Islam by the majority of Hazaras. Probably most of them accepted Shi'a Islam during the first part of the 16th century, in the early days of the Safavid dynasty.[134][12][13]

Sunni Hazaras

Sher Muhammad Khan Hazara, the chieftain of the Sunni Hazaras of Qala e Naw, Badghis

A significant and almost a large population of Hazara people are Sunni Muslims. Sunni Hazaras have been Sunni since long ago and before the occupation of

Abdul Rahman, but some of them were converted from Shia to Sunni Islam after the occupation of Hazara lands by Abdul Rahman and 1888–1893 Hazara uprisings
. In Afghanistan, they inhabit mainly in provinces of
Parwan.[135][136]

A Sunni Hazara, Sher Muhammad Khan Hazara, the

Badghis province and a warlord who participant in the Sunni coalition that defended Herat in 1837
. Also, one of the defeaters of British forces around
Qandahar and Maiwand desert during the First Anglo-Afghan War in 1838–1842.[137]

Isma'ili Hazaras

Zabul
. The Isma'ili Hazaras have always been kept separate from the rest of the Hazaras on account of religious beliefs and political purposes.[138]

Hazara tribes

Main article: List of Hazara tribes

The Hazara people have been organized by various

Maidan Wardak, and... have spread outwards from Hazaristan (main region) in other parts of Afghanistan, and also in other Hazara-populated areas.[citation needed
]

Art

Dawood Sarkhosh, a folklore Hazara musician
Faiz Muhammad Kateb, a prominent writer and historian

Writers and poets

Some well-known Hazara writers and poets include

Amir Khosrow Dehlavi, Ismael Balkhi, Hassan Poladi, Kazim Yazdani, Ali Mohaqiq Nasab, Kamran Mir Hazar, Basir Ahang, Sayed Askar Mousavi, Ali Baba Taj, Sayed Abutalib Mozaffari, Rahnaward Zaryab, Aziz Royesh
, and so on.

Music

Further information:
Dambura, and Ghaychak

Many Hazara musicians are widely hailed as being skilled in playing the

dambura, a native, regional lute instrument similarly found in other Central Asian nations, such as Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan. Some of the famous Hazara musician and dambura players are, such as Sarwar Sarkhosh, Dawood Sarkhosh, Safdar Tawakoli, Sayed Anwar Azad, and others.[117]
In Hazara dambura sometimes revolutionary hymns are very common. The first singer who started singing revolutionary hymns on dambura was Sarwar Sarkhosh, and his main message was the uprising of the young generation and the fight against oppression.[140] Also
stringed instruments in Hazara music.[141]

Renowned

Pakistani musician, Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan is also descent of Hazara from Behsudi
tribe.

Cinema

Shamila Shirzad, Actress

Hazara cinema artists have no older background, but nowadays some of their famous actors and actresses include Hussain Sadiqi, Abid Ali Nazish, Shamila Shirzad, Nikbakht Noruz, and others.

Sports

Further information: Sport in Afghanistan
Rohullah Nikpai, two-time Olympic bronze medalist in the sport of Taekwondo
Hussain Sadiqi, a martial artist and actor

Many Hazaras engaged in varieties of sports, including

Jujitsu, Cricket, Tennis, and more. Pahlawan Ebrahim Khedri, a 62 kg wrestler, was the national champion for two decades in Afghanistan. Another famous Hazara wrestler, Wakil Hussain Allahdad, was killed in the 22 April 2018 Kabul suicide bombing in Dashte Barchi, Kabul.[142][143]

Rohullah Nikpai, won a bronze medal in Taekwondo at the Beijing Olympics 2008, beating world champion Juan Antonio Ramos of Spain 4–1 in a play-off final. It was Afghanistan's first-ever Olympic medal. He then won a second Olympic medal for Afghanistan in the London 2012 games.[citation needed]

Another notable Hazara athlete Sayed Abdul Jalil Waiz was the first ever

Hazara Australian martial artist who won an award for the best fight scene
for an Australian made action movie.

Hazara football players are

Australian national team, Rahmat Akbari an Australian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Brisbane Roar, and others like Rohullah Iqbalzada, Omran Haydary, Zelfy Nazary, Moshtaq Ahmadi, and Zahra Mahmoodi.[144]

Some Hazara from Pakistan have also excelled in sports and have received numerous awards, particularly in boxing, football and field hockey.

Pakistani Hazara Abrar Hussain, a former Olympic boxer served as deputy director-general of the Pakistan Sports Board. He represented Pakistan three times at the Olympics and won a gold medal at the 1990 Asian Games in Beijing. Another Hazara boxer from Pakistan is Haider Ali a Commonwealth Games gold medalist and Olympian who is currently retired.

Former captain of the

Muhammad Ali and Rajab Ali Hazara.[148]

Another is Kulsoom Hazara, a Pakistani female karate champion who has won several gold, silver and bronze medals on national and international stages, including Pride of Pakistan Award.[149] Other karateka Hazaras include Nargis Hameedullah who became the first Pakistani woman to win an individual medal (a bronze) at the Asian Games karate championship, and Shahida Abbasi.[citation needed]

Cultural sports

Cultural sports of Hazara people are those sports that have been inherited from their ancestors for generations.

Buzkashi

Main article: Buzkashi
Buzkashi in Afghanistan

Buzkashi is a Central Asian sport in which horse-mounted players attempt to place a goat or calf carcass in a goal. It is the national sport in Afghanistan and is one of the cultural sports of the Hazara people and they still practice this sport in Afghanistan.[150]

Tirandāzi

Further information: Archery

Tirandāzi is a kind of archery and an old cultural sport of Hazaras.[151]

Pahlawani

Further information:
Pahlawani and Wrestling

Pahlawani or Kushti is a kind of cultural wrestling sport that is performed by Hazaras. Pahlawani has a long history in Afghanistan and among the Hazaras. In Afghanistan, on holidays, Pahlawani fields are set up. Pahlawani is held in different age groups. This cultural sport has its special techniques. Because this sport is very ancient and familiar, it has been continued from generation to generation among the Hazaras.[152]

Notable people

Main article: List of Hazara people

Gallery

  • Pictures
  • Hazara men in the uniform of the National Army of Afghanistan
    Hazara men in the uniform of the
    National Army of Afghanistan
  • Hazara young men in Kabul
    Hazara young men in Kabul
  • An elderly Hazara man
    An elderly Hazara man
  • Alauddini Hazaras in Ghazni province
    Ghazni province
  • Hazara men on the anniversary of the death of Abdul Ali Mazari in Kabul
    Hazara men on the anniversary of the death of Abdul Ali Mazari in Kabul
  • Hazara schoolboys
    Hazara schoolboys
  • Cultural
  • Hazara girls from Ghazni province
    Hazara girls from Ghazni province
  • Hazara boy in cultural clothing with a dambura
    Hazara boy in cultural clothing with a dambura

See also

Part of a series on
Hazaras
WikiProject
Category Commons

References

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  2. ^ Garrison, V. David. "Global Peoples Profiles:: Hazara of Afghanistan and Deccanis of India". www.missionfrontiers.org. Retrieved 2024-01-08.
  3. ^ Siddique, Abubakar (21 February 2013). "Hazaras of Pakistan". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 22 Dec 2022.
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Further reading

External links

Hazaras test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator
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