Health department
The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. (May 2020) |
A health department or health ministry is a part of
"Health department" can also refer to a university health department.
Around the world
Most executive governments in the world are divided into departments or ministries. In Canada, Health Canada is the federal agency in charge of healthcare.[1] The first ministry of health in Canada was established by legislation in the Province of New Brunswick in 1918, making it the first cabinet-level Department of Health in the British Empire, with Dr. William F. Roberts of Saint John, N.B. as the first Minister of Health in the British Empire.[2]
In the People's Republic of China, the China Health Ministry initially oversaw healthcare before it was dissolved. The majority of its functions have now been integrated into a new agency called the National Health Commission.[3] In Nigeria, the Federal Ministry of Health supervises the country's health departments and agencies under it, most of which are located in Abuja, the country's capital.[4][5]
United States Health Departments
Programs and services
In the United States, the Department of Health and Human Services is responsible for coordinating health programs in the country. With more than 100 programs and services, the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) aims to "protect the health of all Americans and provide essential human services, especially for those who are least able to help themselves."
Health departments in the United States
It has been suggested that portions of this article be split out into another article titled Health departments in the United States. (Discuss) (April 2024) |
There are several tiers of health departments in America: federal, state, tribal, insular areas, freely associated states, and local levels.[18] In relation with state and local government, the federal government provides states with funding to ensure that states are able to retain current programs and are able to implement new programs. The coordination between all three levels is critical to ensure the programs being implemented are well structured for each level. The health department at state level needs to safeguard good relations with legislators as well as governors in order to acquire legal and financial aid to guarantee the development and enhancements of the programs. Assemblies are set up to guide the relationships between state and local health departments. The state sets up the regulations and health policies whereas the local health departments are the ones implementing the health policies and services.[citation needed]
List of Public Health departments in the United States
Federal
- Department of Health, Education, and Welfare(HEW))
State
- Alabama Department of Public Health (ADPH)
- Alaska Department of Health and Social Services (ADHSS)
- Arizona Department of Health Services (ADHS)
- Arkansas Department of Health (ADH)
- California Department of Public Health (CDPH)
- Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE)
- Connecticut State Department of Public Health (CSDPH)
- Delaware Division of Public Health (DDPH)
- District of Columbia Department of Health (DCDH)
- Florida Department of Health (FDH)
- Georgia Department of Public Health (GDPH)
- Hawaii State Department of Health(HSDH)
- Idaho Department of Health and Welfare (IDHW)
- Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH)
- Indiana State Department of Health (ISDH)
- Iowa Department of Public Health (IDPH)
- Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE)
- Kentucky Department for Public Health (KDPH)
- Louisiana Department of Health (LDH)
- Maine Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS)
- Maryland Department of Health (MDH)
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MDPH)
- Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS)
- Minnesota Department of Health (MDH)
- Mississippi State Department of Health (MSDH)
- Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services (MDHSS)
- Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services (MDPHHS)
- Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services(NDHHS)
- Nevada Division of Public and Behavioral Health (NDPBH)
- New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services(NHDHHS)
- New Jersey Department of Health (NJDH)
- New Mexico Department of Health (NMDH)
- New York State Department of Health (NYSDH)
- North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services (NCDHHS)
- North Dakota Department of Health (NDDH)
- Ohio Department of Health (ODH)
- Oklahoma State Department of Health (OSDH)
- Oregon Health Authority, Public Health Division (OHA)
- Pennsylvania Department of Health (PDH)
- Rhode Island Department of Health (RIDH)
- South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC)
- South Dakota Department of Health (SDDH)
- Tennessee Department of Health (TDH)
- Texas Department of State Health Services (TDSHS)
- Utah Department of Health (UDH)
- Vermont Department of Health (VDH)
- Virginia Department of Health (VDH)
- Washington State Department of Health (WSDH)
- West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources, Bureau for Public Health (WVDHHR)
- Wisconsin Department of Health Services (WDHS)
- Wyoming Department of Health (WDH)
Tribal
- Indian Health Service (IHS)
- Navajo Nation Department of Health (NNDH)
Insular areas
- American Samoa Government Department of Human and Social Services
- Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Commonwealth Health Corporation
- Guam Department of Public Health and Social Services, Division of Public Health
- Puerto Rico Department of Health (Departamento de Salud, Gobierno de Puerto Rico)
- US Virgin Islands Department of Health
Freely associated states
- Republic of the Marshall Islands Ministry of Health and Human Services
- Federated States of Micronesia Department of Health and Social Affairs
- Republic of Palau Ministry of Health
Local
- Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH)
- Long Beach (California) Department of Health and Human Services
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene(NYCDHMH)
- Pasadena (California) Public Health Department
- San Francisco Department of Health
Grants and contracts
The United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) acts as the most extensive grant funding agency in the country.[19] While several grants are delivered to non-government agencies, the majority of HHS federal grants are administered to states, territories, and tribes.[20] Beneficiaries of federal funds are prohibited from lobbying government officials for legislative influence or additional funding.[21] HHS and the National Institutes of Health, are accountable to Congress for conducting research that is amenable to both federal and state regulatory policies and a cost-effective budget.[22] HHS uses grants to finance and encourage government research interests. Additionally, HHS routinely sets fixed price and cost reimbursement contracts with private companies in order to obtain products and services for government operations.[23] HHS aims to issue these contracts with adherence to federal contract laws, HHS acquisition policies, and local operating procedures.[23]
United States approach to laws and regulations affecting local, state, and federal health departments
History
There is some dispute at the local level as to the claim of being the first to establish a local board or health department. For example, The city of
At the state level, Louisiana was the first state to create a state board of health in 1855,[28] but it functioned primarily to influence regulations in New Orleans.[29] Massachusetts was the first to establish a state board that functioned throughout its state with statewide authority in 1869.[30]
At the national level, a simple National Board of Health functioned from 1879 to 1883,
Current laws and regulations at each level of government
HHS notes the laws and regulations that it carries out on its website.[32] Every state also has a health department to which HHS has given a description and hyperlink for each state health department.[33]
Other levels of government within each state are varied.
See also
References
- ^ "Health Canada". canada.ca. 18 September 2020.
- ^ Charles Hayter, "New Brunswick's Remarkable Dr. Roberts", Canadian Medical Association Journal, 146:9, 1637-1639.
- ^ "Welcome to the website of the National Health Commission of the PRC". en.nhfpc.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 23 May 2016. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
- ^ "Federal Ministry of Health".
- ^ "Health Department". Public Health Nigeria. 11 May 2021.
- ^ (ASPA), Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs (29 January 2015). "Programs & Services". HHS.gov.
- ^ (ASPA), Digital Communications Division (DCD), Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs (26 February 2015). "Social Services".
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Preparedness Home - PHE". www.phe.gov.
- ^ "Office of Emergency Management - PHE". www.phe.gov.
- ^ (ASPA), Digital Communications Division (DCD), Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs (26 February 2015). "Research".
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "HealthData.gov". www.healthdata.gov.
- ^ (ASPA), Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs (29 January 2015). "Programs & Services". HHS.gov.
- ^ (ASPA), Digital Communications Division (DCD), Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs (26 February 2015). "Prevention & Wellness".
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ (ASPA), Digital Communications Division (DCD), Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs (26 February 2015). "Health Insurance".
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ (ASPA), Digital Communications Division (DCD), Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs (9 April 2015). "Providers & Facilities".
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ (ASPA), Digital Communications Division (DCD), Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs (3 March 2015). "Featured Topic Sites".
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ (ASPA), Digital Communications Division (DCD), Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs (26 February 2015). "Public Health & Safety".
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "CDC - State and Territorial Health Departments - STLT Gateway". 6 December 2021.
- ^ (ASFR), Division of Grants, Office of Grants and Acquisition Policy and Accountability (OGAPA), Assistant Secretary for Financial Resources (30 December 2014). "Grants".
{{cite web}}
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has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/grants/grants/policies-regulations/hhsgps107.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ (ASFR), Office of Grants and Acquisition Policy and Accountability (OGAPA), Assistant Secretary for Financial Resources (29 April 2015). "Lobbying Restrictions on Grant Recipients".
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:|first=
has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "NIH Grants Policy Statement" (PDF). National Institutes of Health. December 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2022. [page needed]
- ^ a b https://www.psc.gov/docs/default-source/acquisition/federal-contracting-highlights-aligned_wmilestonesprocessflow_v6.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ Virginia Department of Health. Go to Virginia Department of Health. http://www.vdh.virginia.gov/three-rivers/history/. Accessed 17 September 2017.
- ^ "About The Baltimore City Health Department". Baltimore City Health Department. 25 April 2014. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
- ^ Agency History. Philadelphia Department of Public Health. http://www.phila.gov/phils/docs/inventor/graphics/agencies/A080.htm. Published 24 April 2000. Accessed 17 September 2017.
- ^ Our History. Boston Public Health Commission. http://www.bphc.org/aboutus/our-history/Pages/our-history.aspx. Accessed 17 September 2017.
- ^ History. Louisiana State Board of Medical Examiners. http://www.lsbme.la.gov/content/history. Published 2014. Accessed 17 September 2017.
- ^ Everard W. New Orleans Health Department Records, City Archives. New Orleans Public Library. http://nutrias.org/inv/health.htm. Published 10 December 2001. Accessed 17 September 2017.
- ^ State Board of Health of Massachusetts : a brief history of its organization and its work, 1869-1912 : material compiled mainly from the reports of the Board. Columbia University Libraries. Boston : Wright & Potter. 1912.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: others (link) - PMID 21337938.
- ^ "Laws & Regulations". www.hhs.gov. 31 March 2021. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
- ^ State Health Departments. Healthfinder.gov. https://healthfinder.gov/FindServices/SearchContext.aspx?show=1&topic=820. Published 17 September 2017. Accessed 17 September 2017.
- ^ Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO). Research. State and Local Public Health Relationships. Published May 2012. Accessed 17 September 2017.
- ^ "San Francisco Department of Public Health". www.sfdph.org. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
- ^ "Home Page: Public Health Division - City of Berkeley, CA". www.cityofberkeley.info. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
- ^ "Health". www.longbeach.gov. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
- ^ "Public Health Department". ww5.cityofpasadena.net. Retrieved 17 April 2018.