Hearst Communications

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Hearst Communications, Inc.
ProductsBooks
Magazines
Newspapers
Publications
Television
RevenueIncreaseUS$11.4 billion (2019)
OwnerHearst family
Number of employees
20,000 (2016)
Divisions
  • Hearst Television
  • Hearst Magazines
  • Hearst Ventures
  • Hearst Business Media
  • Hearst Entertainment & Syndication
  • Hearst Newspapers
Subsidiaries
Websitehttps://www.hearst.com/
Footnotes / references
[1][2]

Hearst Communications, Inc., often referred to simply as Hearst, is an American multinational mass media and

business information conglomerate based in Hearst Tower in Midtown Manhattan in New York City.[3]

Hearst owns newspapers, magazines, television channels, and television stations, including the San Francisco Chronicle, the Houston Chronicle, Cosmopolitan and Esquire. It owns 50% of the A&E Networks cable network group and 20% of the sports cable network group ESPN, both in partnership with The Walt Disney Company.[4]

The conglomerate also owns several business-information companies, including Fitch Ratings and First Databank.[5]

The company was founded by William Randolph Hearst, a newspaper owner most well known for use of yellow journalism. The Hearst family remains involved in its ownership and management.[6]

History

Formative years

In 1880,

San Francisco Daily Examiner.[7] In 1887, he turned the Examiner over to his son, William Randolph Hearst, who that year founded the Hearst Corporation. The younger Hearst eventually built readership for Hearst-owned newspapers and magazines from 15,000 to over 20 million.[8] Hearst began to purchase and launched other newspapers, including the New York Journal in 1895[9] and the Los Angeles Examiner in 1903.[7]

In 1903, Hearst created Motor magazine, the first title in his company's magazine division. He acquired Cosmopolitan in 1905, and Good Housekeeping in 1911.[10][11] The company entered the book publishing business in 1913 with the formation of Hearst's International Library.[12][13] Hearst began producing film features in the mid-1910s, creating one of the earliest animation studios: the International Film Service, turning characters from Hearst newspaper strips into film characters.[14]

Hearst bought the

Chicago Herald in 1918 (resulting in the Herald-Examiner).[16]

In 1919, Hearst's book publishing division was renamed Cosmopolitan Book.[12]

Peak era

An ad asking automakers to place ads in Hearst chain, noting their circulation

In the 1920s and 1930s, Hearst owned the biggest media conglomerate in the world, which included a number of magazines and newspapers in major cities. Hearst also began acquiring radio stations to complement his papers.

San Simeon and support movie production at Cosmopolitan Productions. This eventually led to the merger of the magazine Hearst International with Cosmopolitan in 1925.[18]

Despite some financial troubles, Hearst began extending its reach in 1921, purchasing the

The Milwaukee Sentinel (1924). In 1924, Hearst entered the tabloid market in New York City with New York Daily Mirror, meant to compete with the New York Daily News.[20]

In addition to print and radio, Hearst established

Metro Goldwyn Mayer.[21] In 1929, Hearst and MGM created the Hearst Metrotone newsreels.[22]

Retrenching after the Great Depression

The

Atlanta Journal
.

Following Adolf Hitler's rise to power in Germany, the Nazis received positive press coverage by Hearst presses and paid ten times the standard subscription rate for the INS wire service belonging to Hearst.[23] William Randolph Hearst personally instructed his reporters in Germany to only give positive coverage to Hitler and the Nazis, and fired journalists who refused to write stories favourable of German fascism.[23] During this time, high ranking Nazis were given space to write articles in Hearst press newspapers, including Hermann Göring and Alfred Rosenberg.[23]

Hearst, with his chain now owned by his creditors after a 1937 liquidation,

World-Herald
.

Afternoon papers were a profitable business in pre-television days, often outselling their morning counterparts featuring stock market information in early editions, while later editions were heavy on sporting news with results of baseball games and horse races. Afternoon papers also benefited from continuous reports from the battlefront during World War II. After the war, however, both television news and suburbs experienced explosive growth; thus, evening papers were more affected than those published in the morning, whose circulation remained stable while their afternoon counterparts' sales plummeted.

In 1947, Hearst produced an early television newscast for the DuMont Television Network: I.N.S. Telenews, and in 1948 he became the owner of one of the first television stations in the country, WBAL-TV in Baltimore.

The earnings of Hearst's three morning papers, the

1962–63 New York City newspaper strike
left the city with no papers for over three months, with the Journal-American one of the earliest strike targets of the Typographical Union. The Boston Record and the Evening American merged in 1961 as the Record-American and in 1964, the Baltimore News-Post became the Baltimore News-American.

In 1953 Hearst Magazines bought

United Press, forming United Press International as a response to the growth of the Associated Press and Reuters. The following year Scripps-Howard's San Francisco News merged with Hearst's afternoon San Francisco Call-Bulletin. Also in 1959, Hearst acquired the paperback book publisher Avon Books.[25]

In 1965, the Hearst Corporation began pursuing

to form the New York World Journal Tribune (recalling the names of the city's mid-market dailies), which collapsed after only a few months.

The 1962 merger of the Herald-Express and Examiner in Los Angeles led to the termination of many journalists who began to stage a 10-year strike in 1967. The effects of the strike accelerated the pace of the company's demise, with the Herald Examiner ceasing publication November 2, 1989.[26]

Newspaper shifts

Hearst moved into hardcover publishing by acquiring Arbor House in 1978 and William Morrow and Company in 1981.[27][28]

In 1982, the company sold the

The Boston Herald,[30] competing to this day with The Boston Globe
.

In 1986, Hearst bought the

Los Angeles Herald-Examiner, which folded in 1989. In 1990, both King Features Entertainment and King Phoenix Entertainment were rebranded under the collective Hearst Entertainment umbrella. King Features Entertainment was renamed to Hearst Entertainment Distribution, while King Phoenix Entertainment was renamed to Hearst Entertainment Productions.[31]

In 1993, Hearst closed the San Antonio Light after it purchased the rival San Antonio Express-News from Murdoch.[32]

On November 8, 1990, Hearst Corporation acquired the remaining 20% stake of ESPN, Inc. from RJR Nabisco for a price estimated between $165 million and $175 million.[33] The other 80% has been owned by The Walt Disney Company since 1996. Over the last 25 years, the ESPN investment is said to have accounted for at least 50% of total Hearst Corp profits and is worth at least $13 billion.[34]

On July 31, 1996, Hearst and the Cisneros Group of Companies of Venezuela announced its plans to launch Locomotion, a Latin American animation cable television channel.[35][36][37]

On March 27, 1997, Hearst Broadcasting announced that it would merge with Argyle Television Holdings II for $525 million, the merger was completed in August to form Hearst-Argyle Television (later renamed as Hearst Television in 2009).[38]

In 1999, Hearst sold its Avon and Morrow book publishing activities to HarperCollins.[39]

In 2000, the Hearst Corp. pulled another "switcheroo" by selling its flagship and "Monarch of the Dailies", the afternoon San Francisco Examiner, and acquiring the long-time competing, but now larger morning paper,

Charles de Young
family. The San Francisco Examiner is now published as a daily freesheet.

In December 2003, Marvel Entertainment acquired Cover Concepts from Hearst, to extend Marvel's demographic reach among public school children.[40]

In 2009, A&E Networks acquired Lifetime Entertainment Services, with Hearst ownership increasing to 42%.[41][42]

In 2010, Hearst acquired digital marketing agency iCrossing.[43]

In 2011, Hearst absorbed more than 100 magazine titles from the

Condé Nast. In December 2012, Hearst Corporation partnered again with NBCUniversal to launch Esquire Network
.

On February 20, 2014, Hearst Magazines International appointed Gary Ellis to the new position, Chief Digital Officer.

AwesomenessTV for $81.25 million to Hearst.[45]

In January 2017, Hearst announced that it had acquired a majority stake in

Litton Entertainment. Its CEO, Dave Morgan, was a former employee of Hearst.[46][47]

On January 23, 2017, Hearst announced that it had acquired the business operations of The Pioneer Group from fourth-generation family owners Jack and John Batdorff. The Pioneer Group was a Michigan-based communications network that circulates print and digital news to local communities across the state. In addition to daily newspapers, The Pioneer and Manistee News Advocate, Pioneer published three weekly papers and four local shopper publications, and operated a digital marketing services business.[48] The acquisition brought Hearst Newspapers to publishing 19 daily and 61 weekly papers.

Other 2017 acquisitions include the New Haven Register and associated papers from Digital First Media,[49][50] and the Alton, Illinois, Telegraph and Jacksonville, Illinois, Journal-Courier from Civitas Media.[51][52]

In October 2017, Hearst announced it would acquire the magazine and book businesses of Rodale in Emmaus, Pennsylvania with some sources reporting the purchase price as about $225 million. The transaction was expected to close in January following government approvals.[53][54]

In 2018, Hearst acquired the global health and wellness magazine brands owned by Rodale, Inc.[55]

In April 2023, Hearst bought WBBH-TV, an NBC-affiliated television station in Fort Myers, Florida, from Waterman Broadcasting Corporation.[56] In June 2023, Hearst acquired the Journal Inquirer[57] and later in October 2023 bought San Antonio Magazine. The company paid $150,000 in cash plus an amount equal to 90% of the magazine's accounts receivable[58] In November 2023, Hearst acquired all print and digital operations owned by RJ Media Group, including the Record-Journal, seven weekly newspapers and a digital advertising agency.[59] In December 2023, Hearst bought Puzzmo, a puzzle games website.[60]

Chief executive officers

  • In 1880, George Hearst entered the newspaper business, acquiring the San Francisco Daily Examiner.
  • On March 4, 1887, he turned the Examiner over to his son, 23-year-old William Randolph Hearst, who was named editor and publisher. William Hearst died in 1951, at age 88.
  • In 1951, Richard E. Berlin, who had served as president of the company since 1943, succeeded William Hearst as chief executive officer. Berlin retired in 1973.[61] William Randolph Hearst Jr. claimed in 1991 that Berlin had suffered from Alzheimer's disease starting in the mid-1960s and that caused him to shut down several Hearst newspapers without just cause.[62]
  • From 1973 to 1975, Frank Massi, a longtime Hearst financial officer, served as president, during which time he carried out a financial reorganization followed by an expansion program in the late 1970s.[63]
  • From 1975 to 1979, John R. Miller was Hearst president and chief executive officer.[64]
  • Frank Bennack served as CEO and president from 1979 to 2002, when he became vice chairman, returning as CEO from 2008 to 2013, and remains executive vice chairman.[65]
  • Victor F. Ganzi served as president and CEO from 2002 to 2008.[66]
  • Steven Swartz has been president since 2012 and CEO since 2013.[67]

Operating group heads

  • David Carey previously served as chairman and group head of the magazines.[68] Debi Chirichella is that unit's president.[69]
  • Jeffrey M. Johnson[70] became president of Hearst Newspapers in 2018 upon the promotion of Mark Aldam to executive vice president and chief operating officer of the parent company.[71]

Assets

A non-exhaustive list of its current properties and investments includes:

Magazines

Newspapers

(alphabetical by state, then title)

Broadcasting

Internet

Other

Trustees of William Randolph Hearst's will

Under William Randolph Hearst's will, a common board of thirteen trustees (its composition fixed at five family members and eight outsiders) administers the Hearst Foundation, the William Randolph Hearst Foundation, and the trust that owns (and selects the 26-member[77] board of) the Hearst Corporation (immediate parent of Hearst Communications which shares the same officers). The foundations shared ownership until tax law changed to prevent this.[78][79]

In 2009, it was estimated to be the largest private company managed by trustees in this way.[80] As of 2017, the trustees are:[81]

Family members

Non-family members

  • James M. Asher, chief legal and development officer of the corporation
  • David J. Barrett, former chief executive officer of Hearst Television, Inc.
  • Frank A. Bennack Jr., former chief executive officer and executive vice chairman of the corporation
  • John G. Conomikes, former executive of the corporation
  • Gilbert C. Maurer, former chief operating officer of the corporation and former president of Hearst Magazines
  • Mark F. Miller, former executive vice president of Hearst Magazines
  • Mitchell Scherzer, senior vice president and chief financial officer of the corporation
  • Steven R. Swartz, president and chief executive officer of the corporation

The trust dissolves when all family members alive at the time of Hearst's death in August 1951 have died.

See also

References

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  2. ^ "The Hearst Corporation". Institute for Media and Communication Policy. October 19, 2017. Retrieved August 28, 2018.
  3. ^ Maza, Erik (April 1, 2013). "Hearst's New CEO Steve Swartz Talks Business, Succession". WWD. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
  4. ^ "2016 America's Richest Families Net Worth: Hearst Family". Forbes. June 29, 2016. Retrieved August 28, 2018.
  5. ^ Kelly, Keith J. (January 6, 2016). "Hearst enjoys record profits, eyes more acquisitions". New York Post. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
  6. ^ "Hearst family". Forbes. Retrieved October 26, 2022.
  7. ^ a b Nelson, Valerie J. (June 27, 2012). "George Randolph Hearst Jr. dies at 84; L.A. Herald-Examiner publisher". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 16, 2018.
  8. ^ Evans, Harold (July 2, 2000). "Press Baron's Progress". The New York Times. Retrieved August 28, 2018.
  9. ^ "Yellow Journalism: William Randolph Hearst". Crucible of Empire: The Spanish–American War. August 23, 1999. Retrieved August 28, 2018.
  10. ^ Rose, Matthew (April 24, 2003). "Hearst Magazines Manage To Thrive in Tough Market". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 16, 2018.
  11. .
  12. ^ .
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  14. ^ F. D'Angelo, Joseph. "William Randolph Hearst and the Comics". Penn State University:Integrative Arts 10. Archived from the original on July 1, 2016. Retrieved July 16, 2018.
  15. ^ Kennedy, Thornton. "Hearst family left distinct mark on Atlanta, Buckhead". MDJOnline.com. Retrieved May 30, 2019.
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  38. ^ "Hearst to Buy Argyle TV In a Rare Public Venture". The New York Times. March 27, 1997. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
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  40. ^ DeMott, Rick (December 18, 2003). "Marvel Acquires Cover Concepts". Animation World Network. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
  41. ^ Schneider, Michael (August 27, 2009). "A&E Acquires Lifetime". Variety. Archived from the original on November 2, 2012.
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  43. ^ Elliott, Stuart (June 3, 2010). "Google and Hearst Make Digital Acquisitions". Media Decoder Blog. The New York Times Company. Retrieved April 24, 2019.
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  69. ^ "Debi Chirchella". Hearst Corporation. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
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  71. ^ "Mark Adam". Hearst Corporation. Retrieved August 28, 2018.
  72. ^ Steigrad, Alexandra (December 15, 2021). "Hearst scraps 'Dr. Oz The Good Life' magazine amid Senate bid — and slumping sales". New York Post.
  73. ^ "Sterling, Hearst Renew Agreement". Publishers Weekly. June 23, 2010. Retrieved August 28, 2018.
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Further reading

External links