Heart-Shaped Box
"Heart-Shaped Box" | ||||
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Single by Nirvana | ||||
from the album In Utero | ||||
B-side |
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Released | August 30, 1993 | |||
Recorded | February 1993 | |||
Studio | Pachyderm, Cannon Falls, Minnesota | |||
Genre | Grunge[1] | |||
Length | 4:39 | |||
Label | DGC | |||
Songwriter(s) | Kurt Cobain | |||
Producer(s) | Steve Albini | |||
Nirvana singles chronology | ||||
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In Utero track listing | ||||
12 tracks
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Music videos | ||||
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"Heart-Shaped Box" is a song by the American
"Heart-Shaped Box" was released as the In Utero's first single on August 30, 1993. Although the single was not released in the United States, to avoid competing with album sales, the song generated considerable American radio airplay, reaching number one on the
Early history
"Heart-Shaped Box" was written by Cobain in early 1992 at the apartment in the
The only time I asked him for a riff for one of my songs, he was in the closet. We had this huge closet, and I heard him in there working on 'Heart-Shaped Box.' He did that in five minutes. Knock, knock, knock. 'What?' 'Do you need that riff?' 'Fuck you!' Slam. [Laughs] He was trying to be so sneaky. I could hear that one from downstairs.[3]
Cobain briefly set the song aside, then resumed work on it after he and Love moved to an apartment in
"Heart-Shaped Box" was first performed live on January 16, 1993, at the
Two versions of the song were recorded at BMG Ariola, with the initial take being done to test the studio's equipment. The second take was posthumously released on the band's rarities box set,
In Utero
The final studio version of "Heart-Shaped Box" was recorded in February 1993 by Steve Albini at Pachyderm Studios in Cannon Falls, Minnesota, for the band's third studio album, In Utero. Work on the song began on February 14, the second day of recording. According to Albini in a 2013 interview for the audio series Spotify Landmark, "Heart-Shaped Box" was the only song recorded during the sessions that required "more than a couple of takes", along with eventual fourth single, "Pennyroyal Tea".[7]
In a 2013 Rolling Stone interview with Fricke, Grohl recalled that "everyone was concerned about the tempo of 'Heart-Shaped Box.' But click tracks were not cool. Kurt and Steve came up with this idea — we should use a strobe light [laughs]. We had this long conversation about how it won't dictate the tempo, just imply the tempo. ... I sat there for a take or two with this fucking strobe light in my face until I practically had a seizure."[8]
Despite his overall satisfaction with the recording, Novoselic was unhappy with the original
These were the words I said: 'Why do you want to take such a beautiful song and throw this hideous abortion in the middle of it? And they're like, 'Well, I don't know, it sounds good.' They didn't have any arguments, because they were sabotaging it is what they were doing.[9]
Remix
The guitar effect was eventually removed when the song was remixed, along with second single "All Apologies", by Scott Litt at Bad Animal Studios in Seattle in May 1993, several months before the album's release. Cobain and Novoselic had agreed that the vocals and bass were too quiet in Albini's original mix of the album, and elected to have the two future singles remixed. Litt's remix of "Heart-Shaped Box" also featured newly recorded vocal harmonies and acoustic guitar by Cobain.[10]
Later performances
On September 25, 1993, the band performed "Heart-Shaped Box", along with "Rape Me", on Saturday Night Live at NBC Studios in New York City. It was their first show with second guitarist Pat Smear.
"Heart-Shaped Box" was the final song played at Nirvana's last show, on March 1, 1994, at Terminal 1 of
Composition
"Heart-Shaped Box" is an alternative rock song that lasts for a duration of four minutes and thirty-nine seconds.[12] According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by BMG Rights Management, it is written in a 4/4 time signature, with a moderate tempo of 100 beats per minute.[12] It is in the key of G♯ minor, modulating to G♯ dorian on the verses, while Kurt Cobain's vocal range spans one octave, from the low note of F♮3 to the high note of G♯4.[12]
The song has a basic sequence of G♯5–E5–C♯5–G♯–E5–C♯7 in the verses and G♯5–E5–C♯7 during the chorus as its chord progression.[12] Journalist Gillian Gaar described "Heart-Shaped Box" as "the Nirvana formula personified, with a restrained, descending riff played through the verse, building in intensity to the cascading passion of the chorus".[13]
Lyrics
In the 1993 Nirvana biography
Cobain's unused liner notes for In Utero, first described in Heavier Than Heaven and published in
The song's title was inspired by the collection of heart-shaped candy boxes Love kept in the front room of the Fairfax apartment she and Cobain lived in.[2] However, early versions of the song featured the word "coffin" rather than "box". According to Bailey, the song also featured the working title "New Complaint."[15] In a 1993 interview with Circus, Cobain explained that the chorus lyrics "Hey/ Wait/ I've got a new complaint" were a reference to how he believed he was often perceived by the media.[16]
In 2012, Love wrote on Twitter that "Heart-Shaped Box" was about her vagina. Tweeting to the American musician Lana Del Rey, who had covered the song at a concert in Sydney, Australia, the previous week, Love wrote, "You do know the song is about my Vagina right? 'Throw down your umbilical noose so i can climb right back,' umm ... On top of which some of the lyrics about my vagina I contributed." The tweets were deleted shortly after.[17]
Release
"Heart-Shaped Box" was released as In Utero's first commercial single on August 30, 1993, on CD,
In the United States, DGC sent promo copies of the song to American college, modern rock, and album-oriented rock radio stations in early September. The label did not actively court Top 40 radio, with Geffen Records' head of marketing explaining that "Nirvana didn't sell nearly 5 million [records] because of a hit single. They sold that many albums because of who they are". However, the single was available in the US in limited numbers as an import release.[21]
"Heart-Shaped Box" entered the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart at number seven,
Critical reception
Reviewing In Utero for Rolling Stone, Fricke called "Heart-Shaped Box" "the kind of song Stone Temple Pilots couldn't write even with detailed instructions", and cited it as evidence, along with "Dumb", that if Generation X "is ever going to have its own Lennon — someone who genuinely believes in rock & roll salvation but doesn't confuse mere catharsis with true deliverance — Cobain is damn near it".[27] Phil Alexander of Kerrang! wrote that "on the current single Heart-Shaped Box, the sublime All Apologies ... and the convalescent croon of Penny Royal Tea, [Cobain] re-stakes his claim as one of his generation's most absorbing songsmiths."[28] John Mulvey of the NME called the song "a strangulated, semi-f-ed-up anthem of sorts for a generation who fell in love to 'Teen Spirit' and are now as disturbed as Kurt by a growing sense of maturity".[29]
Legacy
In his review of Nirvana's eponymous greatest hits album in 2002, Will Bryant of Pitchfork wrote, "I've always considered 'Heart-Shaped Box', with its elliptical guitar figure and explosive choruses, to be one of Cobain's most accomplished compositions. For all its heavy-handed symbolism, the song strikes deepest to Cobain's preoccupation with birth, the menstrual cycle, and female anatomy, wound tightly with primal tension in the verses and released with sublime catharsis in the choruses." Andrew Romano of The Daily Beast called it "as close as Cobain ever got to a perfect song", with "a perfect music video to match".[30]
In 1999, the song was voted number 10 in Kerrang! magazine's "100 Greatest Rock Tracks Ever!"[31] The Guardian and Kerrang! ranked the song number one and number two, respectively, on their lists of the 20 greatest Nirvana songs.[32][33] In 2022, Pitchfork readers voted it the 30th best song of the 1990s.[34]
20th anniversary version
A second "Heart-Shaped Box" single was released in September 2013, to promote the 20th anniversary re-release of In Utero. The three-track promo CD single was included with the first 2000 copies of the "Super Deluxe" edition of the re-issue, and featured Albini's original mix of the song and a remix prepared by Albini in 2013 as B-sides.[35]
Music video
Preliminary work
The "Heart-Shaped Box" video was the only music video made for In Utero, and the last video released by the band. Cobain had originally approached American filmmaker Kevin Kerslake, who had directed the band's last four music videos, for the songs "Come as You Are", "Lithium", "In Bloom", and "Sliver", to direct it. Five treatments were prepared by Kerslake between July 14 and August 12, and included scenes of Cobain kissing American author William S. Burroughs, whom Cobain had wanted in the video, and the band hanging by their necks from tree branches. However, no shoot arrangements were made, and by the end of August, the group had elected to work with Dutch photographer and video director Anton Corbijn instead.
Corbijn believes he was chosen to work on the video on the recommendation of Love, and cited his connection to
As Corbijn recalled, Cobain's proposed treatment for the video was "incredibly precise. More precise than I've ever had for a video. I loved it, but initially I was a bit taken aback that somebody came up with so many ideas, because generally my videos are my own ideas ... But then I looked at it and I thought that actually it was pretty good. I was very amazed by somebody writing a song and having those ideas as precise as he did."[37] According to Novoselic, Cobain's original treatment was two pages long; Novoselic recalled typing it on his new laptop while Cobain dictated.[36]
Filming
The "Heart-Shaped Box" video was filmed on August 31 and September 1 at Raleigh Studios in Los Angeles. Cobain had requested the video be shot in Technicolor, but as Corbijn recalled, "somehow it was not possible; maybe the whole system had been sold to China or something." Instead, Corbijn and his producer came up with the idea to shoot the video in color, then convert it to black and white and have every frame hand-tinted. The process took weeks and led to the vivid brightness of the video's colors.[38]
In a 2013 interview with Andrew Romano of
According to Corbijn, the two other characters in the video, the overweight woman and the young girl, were easier to cast, "although it was difficult sometimes I think for the child to act because there was blood coming out of her blouse at some point."[38]
Corbijn remembered Cobain as "very alert. Smart boy. Very intelligent. He did everything I asked him to do."[38] According to Cali DeWitt, who briefly worked as the Cobains' nanny, Cobain and Love had fought on set, with Cobain putting out a cigarette on his forehead in retaliation to Love's repeated reminders that this was an "important video" and that he needed to "look good". As DeWitt told author Everett True, "if you watch the video, there's a lot of make-up on his forehead because it was a really bad scab, big and in the center. In the close-ups, there's a strip of hair that never seems to move from the middle of his forehead. They had to paste some hair over it."[39]
Synopsis
The "Heart-Shaped Box" video begins and ends with the band watching the elderly man on a hospital bed being administered medication through an
During the song's guitar solo, the girl's hat is blown off her head and falls into a puddle in the poppy field, where it turns black. A brief shot during the solo reveals a fetus in the IV drip. The third verse features Cobain singing directly into the camera without his guitar, while Grohl and Novoselic stand behind him in a room with stars on the walls. The room is actually a box designed by Corbjin with a large heart on top, but the band initially disapproved of the way it looked, and Novoselic asked that it not be filmed from a distance.[41] A brief shot of the box, with the heart above, appears at the start of the final chorus.
The band is featured performing with their instruments during the first two choruses, and without their instruments in what appears to be the same star-decorated box, zoomed out to reveal a bed, nightstand with a lamp on it, and rocking chair, during the final chorus. Both the sky and the walls of the box are blue during the quieter verses, and red during their heavier choruses and the solo. During the video Cobain repeatedly charges the camera, and his face moves in and out of focus.[40]
As Garr pointed out, the Ku Klux Klan imagery recalled Cobain's original idea for the "In Bloom" video,[40] which was to feature a young girl born into the KKK who eventually rejects her parents as "evil".[42]
In his interview with The Daily Beast, Corbjin estimated that he came up with "maybe 15 percent" of the video's ideas, with the rest being Cobain's. "The big woman, for instance, was my idea", he explained. "For me that was
"Director's Cut"
While editing the video, Corbijn was visited by Cobain and Love, and urged by the latter to use the extended shot of Cobain singing the third verse. As Corbijn later explained, "Kurt looked amazing, and Courtney wanted to keep that shot till the very end. It was a very long take, but she persuaded Kurt to go with that."[41] However, Corbjin then edited a different version which replaced this shot with additional footage of the young girl and woman, as well as scenes of Cobain lying in the poppy field, covered in mist.
According to Corbijn, "They used Courtney's edit initially, and then they put mine out as well. And my edit became the video in the end." This version also appeared on the DVD The Work of Director Anton Corbijn in 2005.[44][45] Both the "Original" and "Director's Cut" versions of the video appeared as bonus footage in 2013 on the Live and Loud DVD, which was issued as a standalone release as well as part of the 20th anniversary In Utero "Super Deluxe" package.
Lawsuit
On March 9, 1994, Kerslake sued Nirvana over the "Heart-Shaped Box" video, alleging copyright infringement.[46] According to Nirvana: A Day by Day Eyewitness Chronicle by Carrie Borzillo, Kerslake discovered that he would no longer be directing the video on August 28, 1993, and sent a letter to Corbjin to ensure that none of the images in his five treatments would appear in the final video. Kerslake's lawsuit stated that both Cobain and Nirvana's record company had approved Kerslake's third treatment for the video, with Cobain describing it as "Perfect".[47]
On September 1, 1993, Cobain called Kerslake and invited him to the 1993 MTV Video Music Awards the following day, where Kerslake's video for "In Bloom" was nominated for Best Alternative Video. Kerslake accepted the invitation, and joined the band onstage after they won the award. Soon after Kerslake wrote Cobain a letter, addressed to "kurdt", thanking him for the invitation but expressing his unhappiness over reports that his alleged ideas had been used in Corbijn's shoot. Cobain did not respond, but a meeting was set up between attorneys and the record label to discuss the video.[48]
The case did not affect the video's distribution, and was ultimately settled out of court.
Reception
The "Heart-Shaped Box" music video was the number one most played music video for four weeks on
Cobain was pleased with the video, saying that it came "closer to what I've seen in my mind, to what I've envisioned, than any other video."[44] Novoselic agreed that "Anton did a beautiful job on that video."[44] Cobain later asked Corbijn to direct a video for "Pennyroyal Tea", but Corbijn refused, saying that he felt "the 'Heart-Shaped Box' video was so good, I could never make a video that was as good or better."[57] According to Corbijn, Cobain responded by telling him he would "never make another video if you don't do it. And he didn't."[53]
Legacy
In 2011, NME ranked the song's music video at number 22 on its of the "100 Greatest Music Videos".[58] That same year, Time magazine ranked "Heart-Shaped Box" at number 10 on its list of "The 30 All-Time Best Music Videos", where it was described as "beautiful and ... terrible".[59]
In February 2016, Grohl reunited with actress Kelsey Rohr, who played the girl in the "Heart-Shaped Box" music video 23 years earlier, at the age of six.[60] Rohr stated that "Today reminded me that I peaked at 6 years old but I was the most badass kid on the playground. Today was the absolute coolest. Or in Dave's words seeing each other today was a 'historic moment'! What a legend!"[60]
Track listing
All songs were written by Kurt Cobain except where noted.
CD single and 12" vinyl[61]
Cassette and 7" vinyl[62]
|
US 12" vinyl promo single[63]
2013 20th Anniversary promo CD single[35]
|
|
Personnel
- Kurt Cobain – vocals, guitar
- Krist Novoselic – bass
- Dave Grohl – drums
Charts
Weekly charts
|
Year-end charts
|
Certifications
Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
---|---|---|
Australia (ARIA)[100] | 3× Platinum | 210,000‡ |
Italy (FIMI)[101] Sales since 2009 |
Gold | 50,000‡ |
United Kingdom (BPI)[102] Sales since 2004 |
Platinum | 600,000‡ |
‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |
Other releases
- A live version, from the band's performance for MTV at Live and LoudDVD, released in September 2013.
- A live version, recorded at the Great Western Forum in Inglewood, California on December 30, 1993, appeared on the live compilation, From the Muddy Banks of the Wishkah, released in October 1996. The full concert will be released on the 30th anniversary "Super Deluxe" edition of In Utero in October 2023.[103]
- The 30th anniversary "Super Deluxe" In Utero reissue will also include the band's concert at the Seattle Center Arena in Seattle on January 7, 1994, which also featured a version of "Heart-Shaped Box."[103]
- A live version, recorded at
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- ISBN 978-0-30783373-0.
- ISBN 978-1-44471712-9.
- Gaar, Gillian G. (2006). Nirvana's in Utero. London: ISBN 1-44118609-3.
External links
- "Heart-Shaped Box" (Director's Cut) on YouTube
- "Heart-Shaped Box" at Discogs (list of releases)
- "Heart-Shaped Box" review by Marc Deming on AllMusic
- "Still Moving: Photographers' Music Videos" – The New Yorker article featuring commentary by Anton Corbijn about "Heart-Shaped Box" video
- Usage in film and television: see "Nirvana – Soundtrack. 'Heart-Shaped Box'"at IMDb