Heartland Institute
Formation | 1984 |
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Founders |
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Type | 501(c)(3) |
Purpose | Public policy analysis |
Headquarters |
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President | James M. Taylor[1] |
Chairman | Joseph A. Morris |
Key people |
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Revenue (2020) | $3,779,901[nb 2] |
Expenses (2020) | $3,593,087[nb 2] |
Website | heartland |
This article is part of a series on |
Conservatism in the United States |
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The Heartland Institute is an American
Founded in 1984, it worked with
History
The institute was founded in 1984 by Chicago investor David H. Padden, who served as the organization's chairman until 1995. Padden had been a director of the Cato Institute, a libertarian think tank headquartered in Washington, D.C., since its founding as the Charles Koch Foundation in 1974.[7][8][9] Padden was also a former director of Citizens for a Sound Economy, the Acton Institute, the Foundation for Economic Education, and the Center for Libertarian Studies.[8][9] At age 26, Joseph L. Bast became Heartland's first employee. Bast's wife Diane, was Heartland's publications director.[10][11]
In the 1990s, Heartland worked with the tobacco company Philip Morris to question serious cancer risks from secondhand smoke, and to lobby against government public-health regulations.[3] Starting in 2008, Heartland has organized conferences to question the scientific consensus on climate change.[3]: 334 [12]
After the election of U.S. president
Heartland is registered as a
In March 2020, Heartland laid off staff, reportedly in response to financial issues, and then removed its president, Frank Lasee.[17][18]
Policy positions
The institute advocates
Tobacco regulation
Heartland has long questioned the links between tobacco smoking, secondhand smoke, and lung cancer and the social costs imposed by smokers.[24] One of Heartland's first campaigns was to oppose tobacco regulation.[2] According to the Los Angeles Times, Heartland's advocacy for the tobacco industry is one of the two things Heartland is most widely known for.[25]
During the 1990s, the institute worked with tobacco company Philip Morris to question the links between smoking, secondhand smoke and health risks.[3] Philip Morris commissioned Heartland to write and distribute reports. Heartland published a policy study which summarized a jointly prepared report by the Association of Private Enterprise Education and Philip Morris. The institute also undertook a variety of other activities on behalf of the tobacco industry, including meeting with legislators, holding off-the-record briefings, and producing op-eds, radio interviews, and letters.[3]: 233–234
A 1993 internal "Five Year Plan" from Philip Morris to address environmental tobacco smoke regulation called for support for the efforts of the institute.[26] In 1996, Heartland president and chief executive officer Joe Bast wrote an essay entitled "Joe Camel is Innocent!,"[2] which said that contributions from the tobacco industry to Republican political campaigns were most likely because Republicans "have been leading the fight against the use of 'junk science' by the Food and Drug Administration and its evil twin, the Environmental Protection Agency."[27] In the "President's Letter" in the July 1998 issue of The Heartlander, the institute's magazine, Bast wrote an essay "Five Lies about Tobacco",[2] which said "smoking in moderation has few, if any, adverse health effects."[28][29] In 1999, Bast referenced the essays in soliciting financial support from Philip Morris, writing "Heartland does many things that benefit Philip Morris' bottom line, things that no other organization does."[30] A Philip Morris executive, Roy Marden, the firm's manager of industrial affairs, was a member of the board of directors of the institute. Marden collected Key Actions promised by think tanks [31] Heartland's were "blast faxes to state legislators, off-the-record briefings, op-eds, radio interviews, letters". In 2005, the institute opposed Chicago's public smoking ban, at the time one of the strictest bans in the country.[32] In 2008, Heartland's Environment and Climate News ran an article claiming no danger from secondhand smoke,[33]: 8 featuring image of man puffing smoke next to a young girl. In 2011, Environment and Climate News ran article by Fred Singer[34]: 17 casting doubt on United States Environmental Protection Agency 1993 findings of harm.
Climate change
The institute rejects the
In their 2010 book
Fred Singer was the founder and president of the closely-allied Science and Environmental Policy Project,[45][46] and Heartland is a member organization of the Cooler Heads Coalition.[42]: 151 [47]
"Heartland's influence on national climate policy is at an apex" in March 2017 according to
The institute previously employed German YouTube personality Naomi Seibt as an "anti-Greta".[49][50] The institute's president, James Taylor, considered Seibt the star of its "media strategy for the masses" in the "fight against climate protection measures" which "needs a better image"—to "move away from old white men and instead showcase a younger generation."[51]
Heartland's list of scientists said to doubt global warming
In 2008, the institute published a list purporting to identify "500 Scientists with Documented Doubts of Man-Made Global Warming Scares".[52] The Sydney Morning Herald reported that the work of Jim Salinger, chief scientist at New Zealand's National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, was "misrepresented" as part of a "denial campaign".[53] In response to criticism, the institute changed the title of the list to "500 Scientists Whose Research Contradicts Man-Made Global Warming Scares."[52] Heartland did not remove any scientist's name from the list.[52][53] Avery explained, "Not all of these researchers would describe themselves as global warming skeptics...but the evidence in their studies is there for all to see."[52] The institute's then president, Joseph Bast, argued that the scientists "have no right—legally or ethically—to demand that their names be removed" from Heartland's list.[nb 3]
International Conferences on Climate Change
Heartland's conventions of climate change doubters are one of the things the institute is largely known for, according to the Los Angeles Times.
In the first conference, participants criticized the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and Al Gore.[57][58] In 2010 the BBC reported that the heavily politicized nature of the Heartland conferences led some "moderate" climate skeptics to avoid them.[59]
In an article in The Nation, the 6th conference was described as "the premier gathering for those dedicated to denying the overwhelming scientific consensus that human activity is warming the planet".[60]
The 7th conference (May 2012) was the main subject of the October 2012 documentary,
At the conclusion of the 7th conference, Joseph Bast announced that the organization might discontinue the conferences,
"Unabomber" billboard campaign
On Thursday May 3, 2012, Heartland launched an advertising campaign in the Chicago area, and put up
The billboard reportedly "unleashed a social media-fed campaign, including a petition from the advocacy group Forecast the Facts calling on Heartland's corporate backers to immediately pull their funding," and prompted Rep.
Following the 2012 document leak and the controversial billboard campaign, substantial funding was lost as corporate donors, including the
Repeal of mandates on renewable energy
The institute wrote model legislation to repeal mandates on renewable energy, such as solar and wind power, and presented the model legislation to the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC), a nonprofit organization of conservative state legislators and private sector representatives that drafts and shares model state-level legislation for distribution among state governments in the United States. ALEC's board of directors adopted the model legislation in October 2012.[79]
False endorsement claim
In 2013, the Chinese Academy of Sciences published a report from the Heartland Institute in order to better understand the public debate and encourage discussion of other views.[80] The preface included a disclaimer that the academy did not endorse the views in the report, but in June, the institute announced that the Chinese Academy of Sciences supported their views, and said the publication placed significant scientific weight against climate change.[81][82] The Chinese Academy of Sciences, responding to the announcement, said "The claim of the Heartland Institute about CAS' endorsement of its report is completely false," clarified that they did not endorse the views of the institute, and asked for a retraction.[80][83]
Vatican Council on climate change
On April 28, 2015, the Catholic Church convened a council to discuss the religious implications of global warming. Held at the Vatican and hosted by the Vatican's Pontifical Academy of Sciences, it was attended by the Secretary-General of the United Nations, as well as national presidents, CEOs, academics, scientists, and representatives of the world's major religions. The institute sent a delegation in an attempt to present a dissenting opinion. It held a "prebuttal" of the conference and argued that climate science does not justify papal recognition of the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.[84]
After the council ended, a representative (Marc Morano) from the institute broke into a press briefing being given by Secretary-General
Mass mailing of unsolicited material to science teachers
In March 2017, the institute's program the Center for Transforming Education began an unsolicited mailing of the institute's book Why Scientists Disagree About Global Warming and a companion DVD to all 200,000
Privatization of government services
The institute is a critic of current federal, state, and local budgets and tax codes. Several of the institute's budgetary views include privatization of federal services to a competitive marketplace, changing the tax code to a more simplified version of the current code, and implementing Taxpayer Savings Grants.[citation needed]
In 1987, the institute advocated for tenant ownership of the
The institute advocated for the privatization of
Education
The institute supports charter schools, education tax credits to attend private schools, and vouchers for low-income students, as well as the Parent Trigger reform that started in California. The institute supports the introduction of market reforms into the public K–12 education system to increase competition.[94]
In 1994, the institute criticized the Chicago Public Schools' reform efforts and advocated privatization of public schools and school vouchers.[95]
Healthcare
The institute advocates for free-market reforms in healthcare and opposes federal control over the healthcare industry. Heartland supports
In 2010, Heartland published the 66 page book, The Obamacare Disaster, by
In 2015, the institute filed an
Hydraulic fracturing
The institute advocates for
Funding
The institute no longer discloses its funding sources.[106] According to its brochures, Heartland receives money from approximately 5,000 individuals and organizations, and no single corporate entity donates more than 5% of the operating budget,[107] although the figure for individual donors can be much higher, with a single anonymous donor providing $4.6 million in 2008, and $979,000 in 2011, accounting for 20% of Heartland's overall budget, according to reports of a leaked fundraising plan.[108] Heartland states that it does not accept government funds and does not conduct contract research for special-interest groups.[109]
Oil and gas companies have contributed to the institute, including $736,500 from ExxonMobil between 1998 and 2005.[79][110] Greenpeace reported that Heartland received almost $800,000 from ExxonMobil.[53] In 2008, ExxonMobil said that it would stop funding to groups skeptical of climate change, including Heartland.[110][111][112][failed verification] Joseph Bast, president of the institute, argued that ExxonMobil was simply distancing itself from Heartland out of concern for its public image.[110]
The institute has also received funding and support from tobacco companies
As of 2006, the
In 2010,
In 2012, a large number of sponsors withdrew funding due to the 2012 documents incident and the controversy over their billboard campaign. The institute lost an estimated $825,000, or one third of planned corporate fundraising for the year.[72]
According to the organization's audited financial statements for 2014 and 2015 approximately 27% and 19% of revenues, respectively, came from a single unidentified donor.[120]
Funding for the latest year publicly available (from IRS Form-990 yr2020) shows donations at $3,748,445, revenue at $3,779,901, and expenses at $3,593,087.[121]
In 2022 ProPublica claimed that Barre Seid was “the major patron”.[122]
2012 documents leak
On February 14, 2012, the global warming blog
The documents were initially anonymously sourced, but later found to have been obtained by climate scientist
, liquor companies, and an anonymous donor who had given $13 million over the past five years.The documents contained details of payments to support
Microsoft said its donation had taken the form of gratis software licenses which it was issuing to all nonprofits, and Glaxo said their donation was for "a healthcare initiative" and they did not support Heartland's views on climate change.[134]
Several environmental organizations called on General Motors and Microsoft to sever their ties with Heartland. Climate scientists called on Heartland to "recognise how its attacks on science and scientists have poisoned the debate about climate change policy."[21]
Gleick described his actions in obtaining the documents as "a serious lapse of my own and professional judgment and ethics" and said that he "deeply regret[ted his] own actions in this case". He stated that "My judgment was blinded by my frustration with the ongoing efforts—often anonymous, well-funded, and coordinated—to attack climate science and scientists and prevent this debate, and by the lack of transparency of the organizations involved."[135] On February 24, he wrote to the board of the Pacific Institute requesting a "temporary short-term leave of absence" from the institute.[136][137] The board of directors stated it was "deeply concerned regarding recent events" involving Gleick and the Heartland documents, and appointed a new Acting Executive Director on February 27.[138] Gleick was later reinstated to the Pacific Institute after an investigation found Gleick did not forge any documents, and he apologized for using deception to acquire the documents.[139][140]
Publications
- Books
- ISBN 978-0978695903.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - ISBN 978-1934791332.
- ISBN 978-1934791288.
- ISBN 978-1934791011.
- ISBN 978-1934791295.
See also
Notes
- ^ James Lakely has been Vice President since March 2010.
- ^ a b Financials are from IRS Form-990 yr2020.
- ^ Heartland's president, Joseph Bast, wrote "They have no right—legally or ethically—to demand that their names be removed from a bibliography composed by researchers with whom they disagree. Their names probably appear in hundreds or thousands of bibliographies accompanying other articles or in books with which they disagree. Do they plan to sue hundreds or thousands of their colleagues? The proper response is to engage in scholarly debate, not demand imperiously that the other side redact its publications."[52]
- ^ President Joseph Bast issued a statement saying: "We know that our billboard angered and disappointed many of Heartland's friends and supporters, but we hope they understand what we were trying to do with this experiment. We do not apologize for running the ad, and we will continue to experiment with ways to communicate the 'realist' message on the climate."[69]
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The Heartland Institute, a leading think-tank promoting climate change denial...
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Similarly, the Heartland Institute, a small regional think tank in the 1990s, emerged as a leading force in climate change denial in the past decade
- ^ Quirk, Trevor (February 16, 2012). "Explainer: What is the Heartland Institute?". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
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They include right-wing think tanks such as the Heartland Institute...
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The first international conference designed to question the scientific consensus on climate change is being sponsored by a right-wing American think-tank which receives money from the oil industry.
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At the world's biggest gathering of climate change sceptics, organised by the right-wing Heartland Institute...
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Jay Lehr, science director at the right-wing Heartland Institute, concurs.
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...the Heartland Institute, the primary American organization pushing climate change skepticism...
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[T]hey start from their preferred conclusion, then work backwards collecting cherrypicked bits of information to build a path to get there.
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- ^ Kroll, Andy; Elliott, Justin; Perez, Andrew (September 6, 2022). "How a Billionaire's "Attack Philanthropy" Secretly Funded Climate Denialism and Right-Wing Causes". propublica.org. ProPublica. Retrieved October 20, 2022.
- ^ Goldenberg, Suzanne (February 16, 2012). "Heartland Institute 'fights back' over publication of confidential documents". The Guardian. London. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
- ^ Lakely, Jim. "Leaked: Heartland Institute Responds to Stolen and Fake Documents" (Press release). Heartland Institute. Archived from the original on February 24, 2012.
- ^ a b McArdle, Megan (February 21, 2011). "Peter Gleick Confesses to Obtaining Heartland Documents Under False Pretenses". The Atlantic. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
- DeSmogBlog. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
- ^ "Confidential Memo: 2012 Heartland Climate Strategy" (PDF). DeSmogBlog. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 29, 2017. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
- UPI. February 18, 2012. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
- ^ Goldenberg, Suzanne (February 15, 2012). "Leak exposes how Heartland Institute works to undermine climate science". The Guardian. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
- ^ a b "Leaked: Conservative Group Plans Anti-Climate Education Program". Scientific American. Archived from the original on February 16, 2012.
- ^ Pappas, Stephanie (February 15, 2012). "Documents reveal Koch-funded group's plot to undermine climate science". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
- ^ Borenstein, Seth (February 16, 2012). "INFLUENCE GAME: Leaks show group's climate efforts". The Boston Globe. Associated Press. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
- ^ Glauber, Bill (February 16, 2012). "Leaked documents detail 'Operation Angry Badger'". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Archived from the original on April 7, 2015.
- ^ Goldenberg, Suzanne; Rushe, Dominic (February 16, 2012). "Climate science attack machine took donations from major corporations". The Guardian.
- ^ "Activist Says He Lied to Obtain Climate Papers", The New York Times, published February 20, 2012.
- ^ Goldenberg, Suzanne (February 25, 2012). "Peter Gleick on leave from Pacific Institute over Heartland leak". The Guardian. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
- San Jose Mercury News, February 24, 2012
- ^ Pacific Institute Board of Directors statement Archived February 24, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, February 27, 2012. The board statement posted on February 22, 2012 stated it was "deeply concerned and is actively reviewing information about the recent events" involving Gleick and the Heartland documents. It was subsequently replaced on February 27, 2012 statement.
- ^ Goldenberg, Suzanne (May 21, 2012). "Peter Gleick cleared of forging documents in Heartland expose". The Guardian.
- ^ Pacific Institute Board of Directors Statement, June 6, 2012, archived from the original on February 14, 2017
External links
- Official website
- Profile from Charity Navigator
- "Heartland Institute Internal Revenue Service filings". ProPublica Nonprofit Explorer.
- Heartland Institute at Ballotpedia