Hebden, North Yorkshire

Coordinates: 54°03′50″N 1°57′43″W / 54.064°N 1.962°W / 54.064; -1.962
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Hebden
North Yorkshire
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UK
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54°03′50″N 1°57′43″W / 54.064°N 1.962°W / 54.064; -1.962

Hebden (

ecclesiastical parish of Linton. It lies near Grimwith Reservoir and Grassington, in Wharfedale in the Yorkshire Dales National Park. In 2011 it had a population of 246.[3][4][5]

Hebden has a church, a hotel and public house, a tea room, a community hall, and is served by buses. Until 1983 it had a

B6265 road connects it with Grassington 1.7 miles (2.7 km) to the west, and from there south to the market town of Skipton, 11.5 miles (18.5 km) from Hebden. To the east, the road crosses a bridge over Hebden Gill, built in 1827, and thence over the watershed to Pateley Bridge in Nidderdale
, 8.5 miles (13.7 km) distant.

Main Street, the village high street, continues south as Mill Lane, towards the bank of the River Wharfe and the villages of Hartlington and Burnsall, the latter being just over 2 miles (3.2 km) away. The road to the north runs to the small hamlet of Hole Bottom, from there continuing as a track onto Grassington Moor.

The layout of the village largely originates from

textile mill
as the main sources of employment. Since then it has reverted to a rural community, and is a focal point for walkers and cyclists wishing to enjoy the local countryside.

History

The name Hebden may be derived from either heope,

stone circles
and remnants of huts on the moors above the village show that the area has been settled since earliest times,
Romans had a presence.[10]
The hoard is now on display at the
Romano-British settlement has been tentatively identified on the banks of Gate Up Gill on the moors to the north-west of the village.[14]
Place names such as Scale Haw indicate the
Thorpe Arch. At the time of the Conquest the land was held by Dreng, which is a Nordic name.[16][17][18][19]

During

Craven Fault avoiding the moorland peat bogs, and became a busy packhorse route for traders.[21]

Although no property in the village is older than the early 17th century,[22] its layout reflects its development in medieval times as a planned village. Eight toft compartments are discernible to the west of Main Street, and the outline of the four surrounding common fields, now divided, may be identified from the pattern of dry stone walls. The fields were largely arable, providing the village with most of its food requirements, but are now farmed exclusively for pasture and hay. The village manor house was on land now occupied by Hebden Hall at the south end of Main Street.[23] The moors to the north-west of the village were enclosed in 1857.[24]

The last stretch of Hebden Beck before it reaches the River Wharfe was used to power a

industrial revolution.[28] At its peak, the mill employed more than 70 men, women, and children. The building was used for other purposes including a roller skating rink until it was demolished in 1967.[29]

Lead mining on Grassington Moor became important in the 18th century,[30] and as a result of the mines' success, a number of the mine owners promoted the provision of the Grassington to Pateley Bridge turnpike road, which was begun in 1760 and provided an all-weather route across the moors for wagons.[31][32] From the early 19th century Hebden was a dormitory village for some miners, contributing to the population rising to more than 500 in the 1830s.[33] In the early 1850s profitable mines were established in the parish to the north of the village on veins associated with Grassington Moor,[34] which helped sustain the population. Although activity continued sporadically into the last decade of the century, the accessible ore was largely exhausted by 1865, and the population declined to a low of 199 in 1901.[35]

Miners' Bridge over Hebden Beck

As the Hebden Trust Lords shared the mineral royalties,[36][37] the mines brought prosperity which gave rise to the remodelling and redevelopment of much of the village. Green Terrace, which includes the old post office, was built in the 1870s, and Main Street was transformed from a back lane into the high street.[38] The village school, with working clock and bell tower, was built in 1874,[39] and the Methodist Chapel was rebuilt in 1876 to front onto Main Street.[24] The stone-built Ibbotson Institute, now the community hall, was completed in 1903.[40]

The coming of the Yorkshire Dales Railway to Threshfield in 1902 opened up Hebden as a destination for day visitors and holiday makers.[41] A purpose-built timber guest house was opened in 1909 at the south end of the village by the Co-operative Holiday Association, founded by Thomas Arthur Leonard. It passed into private hands in 1960, and continued as a holiday centre until 1990, mainly catering for school parties.[42][43] It was demolished in 2016 and replaced with a private residence.[44]

The village stores and post office shut at the end of 2013 after 100 years of trading.

Postal Museum), and replaced with a modern gold painted lamp box a few metres away;[46] and the K6 Tudor Crown phone box was decommissioned, and set up at the cross-roads as a street ornament.[47]

Although it now has a number of second homes, holiday cottages and commuters,[48][49] with eight working farms, a fish farm,[50] coach and haulage companies,[51][52] Hebden remains a working and thriving community.

Governance

Hebden was a

Poor Law Amendment Act 1866. In 1974 it was transferred to Craven District in North Yorkshire as the result of the enactment of the Local Government Act 1972.[54]

Hebden lies in the Skipton and Ripon Parliamentary Constituency, a seat held by Julian Smith MP for the Conservative;[55] and in the Wharfedale division of North Yorkshire Council, represented by Conservative party member, Richard Foster.[56] As it is located within the Yorkshire Dales National Park, the Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority is the local planning authority for the area.[57]

Hebden has a

easements.[60]

Geography

Moorland to the north-east of the village

The south-east boundary of Hebden parish is the River Wharfe, 500 feet (150 m) above sea level, and the north-east boundary runs along the Wharfedale-Nidderdale watershed, reaching a height of 1,770 feet (540 m). The upper section of the eastern boundary is Gate Up Gill, one of the main inflows of Grimwith Reservoir. The parish approximates a parallelogram in shape, averaging under 1.5 miles (2.4 km) in width and some 5 miles (8.0 km) in length.[61] To the north, the land rises away from Hebden to the 2,310 feet (700 m) summit of Great Whernside, some 7 miles (11 km) distant.[62]

The habitations and main farming areas are largely confined to the Wharfe valley, and the rest of the parish is mainly rough moorland pasture. The village is on one of several branches of the North Craven Fault where Hebden Beck emerges from the moors through a steep-sided valley into the Wharfe valley, on an ancient east–west route.

Hebden Beck rises on Grassington Moor some 2.5 miles (4.0 km) from the village, but the main valley continues north as a dry valley, until it reaches Mossdale Caverns and the upper flanks of Great Whernside.

The geology is dominated by rocks

mineral veins of the Bowland series have been exploited for lead ore.[63]

Population change

Population changes in Hebden since 1801
Year 1801 1811 1821 1831 1841 1851 1861 1871 1881 1891 1901 1911 1921 1931 1939 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Population 342 402 377 491 480 460 435 362 313 209 199 225 343 289 386 252 221 210 213 202 216 246
% change --- +14.6 -6.2 +30.2 -2.2 -4.1 -5.4 -16.8 -13.5 -33.2 -4.8 +13.1 +52.4 -15.7 +33.7 -34.7 -12.3 -5.0 +1.4 -5.2 +6.9 +13.9
Sources: Vision of Britain,[64] Online Historical Population Reports,[65] 2001 UK Census Data, 2011 North Yorkshire County Council

Note that the population figure for 1921 was distorted by 65 visitors staying at the CHA Guest House,[66] and that for 1939 by over 40 people staying at the CHA Guest House and by evacuee children billeted in the village.[67]

Landmarks

The River Wharfe is crossed by a suspension footbridge and stepping stones

Hebden is a centre for walking and cycling in Upper Wharfedale. It has an

bird watching, is 2 miles (3.2 km) to the east along the B6265, and 2 miles (3.2 km) further is Stump Cross Caverns – a show cave. The Dales Cycle Way passes through Hebden on its way from Appletreewick to Grassington.[72]

Because of its proximity to the Craven Fault, the scenery is varied. The

stepping stones. The bridge was built in 1885 by local blacksmith William Bell, and paid for by public subscription. Made of recycled materials, it originally had a central supporting pier (the base of which can be seen in low water conditions), that was removed when the span was raised in 1937 after being damaged in a heavy flood.[74] The bridge has been conserved and is a landmark on the river-side path.[75]

Hebden Beck flows down from Grassington Moor, which is dominated by the long-abandoned remains of the lead mining industry, through a rugged and wooded gill, past the hamlet of Hole Bottom, made famous by William Riley's novel Jerry and Ben,[76][77] and then over the 16 feet (5 m) Scala Falls.[78] A popular walk is an 8 miles (13 km) circuit up to Grassington Moor, and thence to Grassington, returning along the River Wharfe.[79] South of Hebden, the edge of the limestone is heralded by a number of text-book examples of reef knolls, including Elbolton Hill, Stebden Hill, and Kail Hill, which are the conical remnants of limestone reef structures.[80] Behind the reef knolls is a large expanse of Grassington Grit grouse moor, Thorpe Fell and Burnsall Fell, where walking may be enjoyed – especially around the edges.[81]

Conservation area

St Peter's Church

In 2006 the Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority designated Hebden a

conservation area
. In the proposal it was stated that:

"The special character of Hebden is defined by a historic settlement pattern of great significance together with a collection of important

listed buildings and a group of unlisted buildings which, although essentially vernacular and humble in architectural terms, combine well together to create a harmonious and generally high quality environment of buildings, open spaces and tree cover. In addition, the setting is very distinctive with natural topography of surrounding hills and adjacent steep sided valley combining with a man made agricultural landscape of some age and significance in its own right."[82]

Sport

Hebden Sports Day is held annually on August Bank Holiday. Dating back to the nineteenth century, Hebden Sports provides a variety of running races, novelty races, and entertainments for all age groups.

crown green bowling facilities are available at Grassington and Threshfield.[88][89][90]

Religion

Hebden is part of the

Second World War.[99] Regular services were suspended in March 2020 due to COVID-19 restrictions, and there are no current plans to resume them.[100]

The

Methodist Circuit but closed in October 2016 with its membership transferring to Grassington Methodist Church.[94][24][101] A Primitive Methodist Chapel was built in Chapel Lane in 1838, but this was replaced by housing in about 1930.[94]

Public services and transport

Methodist Church, now disused

Local medical facilities are provided by the medical centre in Grassington,

Ambulance services are provided by the Yorkshire Ambulance Service NHS Trust,[104]
who have an ambulance station in Grassington.

Fire fighting services are provided by

North Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Services, who maintain a retained fire station in Grassington,[105] and cave and mountain rescue services are provided by the Upper Wharfedale Fell Rescue Association,[106] based in Grassington. Police Services are provided by the North Yorkshire Police. The nearest manned police station is in Skipton, but there is a team of officers based in Grassington.[107]

Yorkshire Television. Cable Internet access is not available in the village, but FFTC broadband is available from Openreach.[108]

Electricity distribution is the responsibility of

Refuse collection is handled by Craven District Council,[112] and North Yorkshire County Council provides a household waste and recycling centre at Skibeden,[113] between Bolton Abbey
and Skipton.

The village is served by a minibus service to Ilkley via Grassington three times a week.[114][115] The nearest railway station is in Skipton, with services to Leeds, Bradford, Carlisle, and Carnforth, and the nearest international airport is Leeds Bradford Airport.

References

Notes

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  3. ^ "Postcodes in Hebden, North Yorkshire". Check My Postcode. Good Stuff Ltd. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  4. ^ "Postcode Headcounts and Household Estimates – 2011 Census". Nomis Official Labour Market Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  5. ^ Note that the overall population figure for Hebden issued by the ONS for the 2011 census includes the neighbouring parish of Hartlington.
  6. ^ Thurlow, William (1979). Yorkshire Place-Names. Dalesman Books. p. 30.
  7. ^ "Hebden – Conservation Area Character Appraisal" (PDF). Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
  8. ^ "Dumpit Hill A, Hebden, Grassington, North Yorkshire". The Northern Antiquarian. 13 August 2010. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
  9. ^ Joy (2002), pp. 14–15.
  10. ^ "Dales treasure hunter finds rare Roman coins". Craven Herald and Pioneer. Newsquest Media Group. 8 December 2013. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
  11. ^ "Coin Hoard". www.finds.org.uk. Portable Antiquities scheme. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
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  16. ^ "Open Domesday Hebden". Open Domesday. Archived from the original on 11 December 2013. Retrieved 11 December 2013.
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  20. ^ Raistrick (1976), p. 5.
  21. ^ Joy (2002), pp. 7,20–21.
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  23. ^ Joy (2002), pp. 18–26.
  24. ^ a b c Joy (2002), p.70.
  25. ^ Joy (2002), p. 19.
  26. ^ Joy (2002), p. 46.
  27. ^ Raistrick (1976), p. 15
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  31. ^ Raistrick (1973), p. 102.
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  33. ^ Joy (2002), p. 50.
  34. .
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  39. ^ Gardner, John. "Hebden School". Hebden Historical Data. Hebden Parish Council. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
  40. ^ Joy (2002), p. 80.
  41. OCLC 19514063
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  42. ^ Joy (2002), p. 83.
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  48. ^ "2001 Census: Key Statistics: Parish Profile – Parish Profile – Accommodation and Tenure : Area: Hebden CP (Parish)". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 19 September 2010.
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  62. .
  63. .
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  76. ^ Joy, David (1991). Uphill to Paradise. Hebden, Skipton: Jerry and Ben's.
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  78. .
  79. .
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  84. ^ Benn, Victoria. "Pillow fighting, tug of war and smoking races at Hebden Sports". Craven Herald and Pioneer. Newsquest (Yorkshire & North East) Ltd. Retrieved 6 December 2013.
  85. ^ Smith, Bill (1985). Stud Marks on the Summit. Preston: SKG Publications. p. 20. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
  86. ^ "Race Calendar". Retrieved 23 May 2022.
  87. ^ Berry, Chris. "Bails in the Dales". Yorkshire Post. Johnston Publishing Ltd. Retrieved 6 December 2013.
  88. ^ "Grassington United Football Club". Retrieved 6 December 2013.
  89. ^ "Wharfedale Rugby Union Football Club". Retrieved 6 December 2013.
  90. ^ "Grassington & District Bowling Club". Retrieved 6 December 2013.
  91. ^ "Maps and Information about Deaneries and Parishes". Diocese of Leeds. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
  92. ^ "St. Peter's Church, Hebden". Retrieved 5 March 2010.
  93. ^ a b Historic England. "Church of St. Peter, Hebden (1203742)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 6 November 2012.
  94. ^ a b c Joy (2002) p. 64.
  95. .
  96. ^ Susan, Brook (1967). The Parish and People of Linton in Craven. Linton Parish Church. p. 6.
  97. ^ "Church of St Peter(Hebden)". Archaeology Data Service. University of York. Retrieved 6 December 2013.
  98. National Pipe Organ Register. British Institute of Organ Studies
    . Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  99. ^ "CWGC Casualty record, John Hammond Harker". Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
  100. ^ "Annual Parochial Church Meeting 22nd May 2022" (PDF). The Benefice of Linton, Burnsall and Rylstone. 22 May 2022. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
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  102. ^ "Grassington Medical Centre". Retrieved 11 March 2011.
  103. ^ "Airedale NHS Trust". Retrieved 5 March 2010.
  104. ^ "Yorkshire Ambulance Service". Retrieved 5 March 2010.
  105. ^ "North Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 April 2012. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
  106. ^ "The Upper Wharfedale Fell Rescue Association". Retrieved 3 December 2013.
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  111. ^ personal communication from Yorkshire Water Customer Services, 14 October 2008
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  113. ^ "Skipton household waste recycling centre". North Yorkshire County Council. Retrieved 3 December 2013.
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Sources

External links