Hegang
Hegang
鹤岗市 | ||
|---|---|---|
License plate prefixes 黑H | | |
| Climate | Dwb | |
| Website | www | |
| Hegang | ||
|---|---|---|
Hanyu Pinyin Hègǎng | | |
Hegang (
History
Early history
The region of Hegang was a desolate and uninhabited area until the late 1890s. In 1906, the area of Hegang City was under the administration of
People's Republic
After 1949 the city experienced further rapid growth. The mines were extended and modernized, and their annual output increased dramatically. Most of the coal is high-quality coking coal that is also used to make coal gas; apart from a small quantity consumed in Jiamusi, the bulk of it is shipped by rail to Anyang, Henan and to other industrial cities such as Anshan and Benxi in Liaoning. By the late 1950s the coal industry employed more than 80 percent of the working population. Although the mines continued to be developed and output increased, Hegang's industrial activity was beginning to diversify, especially after a large thermal-power-generating installation was constructed by the early 1970s.[3] By 2021 the city's mining industry was in decline.[4]
Geography
Hegang is located in the northeast part of Heilongjiang province, spanning from latitude 47° 04′−48° 9′ N to longitude 129° 40′−132° 31' E. Bordering prefecture-level cities are:
- Jiamusi (SE)
- Yichun (W)
The region also faces Russia's Jewish Autonomous Oblast across the Amur River with an international border of 235 kilometres (146 mi). Lesser Khingan Mountains crosses the city. The total administrative area of Hegang is 14,648 square kilometres (5,656 sq mi). Amur river and Songhua river are the main rivers in Hegang.
Climate
Hegang has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dwb/Dwa),[5] with long, bitterly cold, but dry winters, and humid and warm summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −16.6 °C (2 °F) in January to 21.7 °C (71.1 °F) in July, and the annual mean is 3.8 °C (38.8 °F). Close to 2/3 of the annual precipitation falls in the months of June thru August. Extreme temperatures have ranged from −38.5 to 37.7 °C.
| Climate data for Hegang (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 1.5 (34.7) |
7.7 (45.9) |
19.0 (66.2) |
29.4 (84.9) |
33.5 (92.3) |
36.8 (98.2) |
37.7 (99.9) |
34.9 (94.8) |
31.8 (89.2) |
25.8 (78.4) |
14.3 (57.7) |
4.8 (40.6) |
37.7 (99.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −11.8 (10.8) |
−6.9 (19.6) |
1.0 (33.8) |
11.5 (52.7) |
19.4 (66.9) |
23.9 (75.0) |
26.6 (79.9) |
25.0 (77.0) |
19.9 (67.8) |
10.6 (51.1) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
−11.2 (11.8) |
8.8 (47.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −16.9 (1.6) |
−12.6 (9.3) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
5.8 (42.4) |
13.6 (56.5) |
18.7 (65.7) |
21.9 (71.4) |
20.2 (68.4) |
14.2 (57.6) |
5.3 (41.5) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
−15.7 (3.7) |
3.6 (38.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −21.1 (−6.0) |
−17.8 (0.0) |
−9.7 (14.5) |
0.1 (32.2) |
7.7 (45.9) |
13.8 (56.8) |
17.6 (63.7) |
16.0 (60.8) |
9.1 (48.4) |
0.4 (32.7) |
−10.8 (12.6) |
−19.5 (−3.1) |
−1.2 (29.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −38.5 (−37.3) |
−32.6 (−26.7) |
−26.1 (−15.0) |
−13.0 (8.6) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
5.0 (41.0) |
10.1 (50.2) |
7.1 (44.8) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
−15.7 (3.7) |
−26.5 (−15.7) |
−32.7 (−26.9) |
−38.5 (−37.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 4.7 (0.19) |
5.5 (0.22) |
15.5 (0.61) |
28.3 (1.11) |
68.2 (2.69) |
118.3 (4.66) |
152.6 (6.01) |
154.8 (6.09) |
70.5 (2.78) |
31.7 (1.25) |
13.6 (0.54) |
9.1 (0.36) |
672.8 (26.51) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 5.1 | 4.1 | 5.7 | 7.6 | 11.8 | 14.5 | 15.1 | 15.0 | 11.1 | 6.9 | 5.6 | 6.6 | 109.1 |
| Average snowy days | 8.1 | 6.3 | 8.9 | 4.7 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.9 | 8.2 | 9.8 | 49.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%)
|
63 | 57 | 52 | 50 | 56 | 71 | 77 | 78 | 69 | 58 | 60 | 65 | 63 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 172.6 | 200.5 | 237.4 | 215.8 | 219.3 | 197.2 | 194.2 | 196.1 | 209.3 | 189.7 | 154.4 | 145.6 | 2,332.1 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 62 | 69 | 64 | 53 | 47 | 42 | 41 | 45 | 56 | 57 | 56 | 56 | 54 |
| Source 1: China Meteorological Administration[6][7] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China[8] | |||||||||||||
Subdivisions
The prefecture-level city of Hegang is divided into 6
| Map | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | English Name | Hanzi
|
Pinyin | Area | Population | Density |
| 1 | Xingshan District | 兴山区 | Xīngshān Qū | 27 | 44,803 | 1,659 |
| 2 | Xiangyang District | 向阳区 | Xiàngyáng Qū | 9 | 110,916 | 12,324 |
| 3 | Gongnong District | 工农区 | Gōngnóng Qū | 11 | 140,070 | 12,734 |
| 4 | Nanshan District | 南山区 | Nánshān Qū | 30 | 119,047 | 3,968 |
| 5 | Xing'an District | 兴安区 | Xīng'ān Qū | 27 | 74,396 | 2,755 |
| 6 | Dongshan District | 东山区 | Dōngshān Qū | 4,575 | 175,239 | 38 |
| 7 | Luobei County | 萝北县 | Luóběi Xiàn | 6,761 | 220,131 | 33 |
| 8 | Suibin County | 绥滨县 | Suíbīn Xiàn | 3,344 | 174,063 | 52 |
Economy
In 2010, Hegang's GDP grew 16.1% to RMB 25.1 billion, ranking tenth among 13 prefectures and prefecture-level cities in the province.[9] Agriculture and animal husbandry are considered two pillars of the city's primary industry. Heavy industry dominates the city's industrial sector. Other major industries in the city include agricultural products processing, food and beverage, pharmaceuticals, dairy and related products, forestry industries, and the production and supply of electricity.[10]
Mining accidents
Two major mining accidents have occurred near the city. In September 2008, there was a fire at Fuhua Coal Mine, owned by Fuhua Mining Co., Ltd. It was caused by spontaneous combustion of coal. 31 miners died (19 deaths, 12 missing).[11] In November 2009, there was a gas explosion at Xinxing coal mine, owned by Heilongjiang Longmay Mining Holding Group. Out of 528 workers, 420 miners were rescued and over 100 miners died. Of the 60 hospitalised survivors, they had broken bones, gas poisoning or respiratory injuries.[12][13][14][15]
Education
By the end of 2019, Hegang had one full-time higher education school with 2,926 students and 915 graduates. There are 7 specialized secondary schools, with 5,629 students and 1,464 graduates. There are 50 general secondary schools, with 37,982 students and 14,886 graduates. There are 36 primary schools with 29,771 students and 4,427 graduates. There is 1 special education school with 191 students. There are 144 kindergartens, with 12,045 children in attendance.
Hegang No.1 High School is located in the city.
Transport
The
and other major cities domestically.Sister cities
Birobidzhan, Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia
Notable people
- Qin Yuhai - Chinese politician and photographer. He was a former Mayor of Hegang (1997-1998).[16]
- Li Yunfeng- Chinese athlete, coach, and politician
- Liu Jiayu - Chinese athlete
References
- ^ "China: Hēilóngjiāng (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". Archived from the original on 2023-06-09. Retrieved 2022-03-08.
- ^ Hegang - China culture Archived 2011-09-22 at the Wayback Machine
- ISBN 978-7-207-01737-6.
- ^ "Coal, Once a Boon, Turns Chinese Rustbelt City Into a Bust". Sixth Tone. Caixin. 2022-05-14. Archived from the original on 2022-05-14. Retrieved 2022-05-14.
- ^ Climate map of Asia Archived 2011-11-22 at the Wayback Machine Peel, M. C., Finlayson, B. L., and McMahon, T. A.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Archived from the original on 5 September 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
- ^ 鹤岗 - 气象数据 -中国天气网 (in Chinese). Weather China. Archived from the original on 11 June 2022. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
- ^ 2010年鹤岗市国民经济和社会发展统计公报 (in Chinese (China)). Heilongjiang People's Government. 2011-04-18. Archived from the original on 2011-10-25. Retrieved 2011-11-23.
- ^ Profiles of China Provinces, Cities and Industrial Parks
- ^ "Two mining mishaps claim 56 lives". chinadaily.com.cn. September 22, 2008. Archived from the original on June 3, 2020. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
- ^ Duncan, Maxim (November 21, 2009). "China mine explosion death toll reaches 92". reuters.com. Retrieved May 5, 2020.(92 deaths)
- ^ "Danger all in a day's work for China mine rescuers". terradaily.com. November 25, 2009. Archived from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 5, 2020. (107 deaths)
- ^ "China mine blast death toll passes 100". chinaeconomicreview.com. November 22, 2009. Archived from the original on September 18, 2021. Retrieved May 5, 2020.(104 deaths)
- ^ Chan, John (November 23, 2009). "Chinese mine explosion kills more than 100". wsws.org. Archived from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved May 5, 2020.(104 deaths)
- ^ "Senior Henan Legislator Falls under Scrutiny of Anti-Corruption Watchdog". caixinglobal.com. September 22, 2014. Archived from the original on April 15, 2023. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
Further reading
- With nothing to lose, loners build future in China's hollowed-out north (January 12, 2020)
- The Twilight of Chinese Coal (January 16, 2020)
External links
