Help:IPA/Gujarati

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Gujarati language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Gujarati phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Gujarati.

Consonants
IPA
Gujarati
IAST English approximation
b b bat
bh clubhhouse
β[1] bh somewhat like averse
d
d dog
ð[1] dh other
dh redhead
ɖ American English bird
ɖʱ ḍh American English birdhouse
j jack
dʒʱ z hedgehog
f[1] ph afraid
ɡ g gate
ɡʱ gh loghouse
ɣ[1] gh go, but without completely blocking airflow on the g
h head
ɦ h ahead
j y yak
k k scold
kh cold
l
l leaf
ɭ l somewhat like Merlin
m m much
n
n not
ɳ somewhat like burner
ɲ ñ canyon
ŋ bank
p p span
ph pan
ɾ r atom (American English)
ɽ[2] somewhat like murder
ɽʱ[2] ḍh No English equivalent
ɽ̃[2] as above, but nasal
s sue
ʂ[3] somewhat like worship
ʃ[3] ś sheep
t
t stop
th top
ʈ somewhat like court
ʈʰ ṭh somewhat like tree
c catch
tʃʰ ch cheese
ʋ v vine
Vowels
IPA
Gujarati
IAST English approximation
ɑ આ, કા ā bra
æ cash
e એ, કે e pay
ɛ ઍ, કૅ â bed
ə અ, ક a about
i ઇ/ ઈ, કિ/ કી i see
o ઓ, કો o story
ɔ ઑ, કૉ ô off
u ઉ/ ઊ, કુ/ કૂ u look
əj ઐ, કૈ ai kite
əʋ ઔ, કૌ au house


Other symbols
IPA
Gujarati
IAST Notes
◌̃ nasal vowel ([õː], etc.)
◌̃ ◌̤
murmured vowel[4]
ː Length: Vowels are long when nasal (e.g. [moʈʈũː]
ˈ stress
(placed before stressed syllable)

Notes

  1. ^
    spirant allophones [ɣ, ð, β, f].Cardona & Suthar (2003
    :665)
  2. ^
    flapped allophones [ɽʱ, ɽ, ɽ̃]. Intervocalically all three are flapped. The stops are also flapped when before or after other consonants.Mistry (1997:659) The stops are unflapped initially, geminated, and postnasally; and flapped intervocalically, finally, and before or after other consonants.Masica (1991
    :97).
  3. ^ a b c While there is dialectal variation in this regard, for Wikipedia transcriptions [ʃ] appears contiguous with palatal segments and [ʂ] appears before retroflex consonants: [spəʂʈ] ('clear').Mistry (1997:658)
  4. ^ Gujarati contrasts murmured and non-murmured vowels, except for /e/ and /o/.Cardona & Suthar (2003:662) Mistry (2003:116).

References

  • Mistry, P.J. (1997), "Gujarati Phonology", in Kaye, A.S (ed.), Phonologies of Asia and Africa, Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns,
  • Mistry, P.J. (2003), "Gujarati", in Frawley, William (ed.), International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, vol. 2 (2nd ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press,

See also