Help:IPA/Hebrew

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Modern and Biblical Hebrew language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

Since Modern Hebrew has both non-Oriental and Oriental pronunciations in Israel, certain letters may be transcribed differently depending on the background of the speaker. See Modern Hebrew phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Hebrew.

Consonants
BH MH Letter(s) Romanization English approximation
b בּ‎ (Beť dǝgušah) b bet
d
 		דּ‎ (
Daleť dǝgušah
) 		d dark
ð
d
 		ד‎ (
Ďaleť rafah
) 		ď, dh, d BH: this
MH: dark
ɸ f פ ף‎ (
Fei rafah
) 		f or p̄ fool
ɡ גּ‎ (
Gimel dǝgušah
) 		g go
ɣ ɡ ג‎ (
Ǧimel rafah
) 		ǧ, gh, g BH: Spanish fuego
MH: go
h ה‎ (He) h hen
ħ[1] χ ח‎ (
Ḥeť
) 		ḥ or ch BH: hen but pharyngeal
MH: Scottish loch
j י‎ (Yoď) y yes
k כּ ךּ‎ (Kaf dǝgušah)
 k skin
l
 		ל‎ (Lameď) l left
m מ ם‎ (
Mem
) 		m man
n
 		נ ן‎ (Nun) n no
p פּ‎ (
Pei dǝgušah
) 		p spin
q[1] k ק‎ (Qof) q or k BH: cup, but uvular.
MH: skin.
r[2]
 ʁ ר‎ (Resh) r BH: trilled or tapped run.
MH: French rouge
s ס‎ (
Sin smalit
) 		s see
sˤ ts[3] צ ץ‎ (Ṣadi) ṣ, ts (or tz) cats
ʃ שׁ‎ (Šin Yemanit) š or sh she
t
 		תּ‎ (
Taw
) 		t sting
tˤ
t
 		ט‎ (
Ṭeť
) 		ṭ, t sting
θ
t
 		ת‎ (
Ťaw
) 		ť, th, t thing
β v ב‎ (
Veť rafah
)
 v voice
w v ו‎ (Vav) v BH: would
MH: vote
x χ כ ך‎ (
Ǩaf rafah
) 		ǩ or ch/kh Scottish loch
z ז‎ (Zayin) z zoo
ʕ[1] ʔ ע‎ (Ayin) ʿ or ' BH: No equivalent; Arabic 'ayn (ع)
MH: uh-(ʔ)oh
ʔ א‎ (
Alef
)
 ʾ or ' uh-(ʔ)oh


Marginal sounds (used in transliteration and loan words)
IPA Letter(s) Romanisation English
dʒ[3] ג׳‎ (
Gimel with geresh
) 		ǧ or j joy
ŋ נג‎ (Nun-Gimel) ng ring
ʒ ז׳‎ (Zayin with geresh) ž beige
tʃ[3] צ׳ ץ׳‎ (Ṣadi with geresh) č or ch chair
θ[4] ת׳‎ (Tav with geresh) th thing
ð[4] ד׳‎ (Dalet with geresh) th the
w[5] וו‎ (double Vav) w we
ɣ[6] ע'‎ (Ayin with geresh) gh
Vowels
BH MH Letter(s) Romanization English approximation
a  (Patach) a father
e
Zeire
) 		e Scottish bay
ɛ e  (Segol) ɛ, e BH: bed
MH: Scottish bay
ə  (Shva) ǝ, e BH: comma
i י‎(Hiriq-Yud), (Hiriq) i see
o  (Holam alone), וֹ‎ (with any mater lectionis) o story
ɔ o  (Kamatz katan) ɔ, o BH: off
MH: story
a  (Kamatz) ɔ, a BH: maw
MH: father
u וּ‎ (
Kubutz
) 		u boot


Diphthongs
IPA Letter(s) Romanization English approximation
ei י‎
Zeire
) 		ei day
ai י‎ (Patach-Yud), י‎ (Kamatz-Yud) ai why
oi וֹי‎ (
Yud
) 		oi boy
ui וּי‎ (
shuruq-Yud
) 		ui two years
ao (rare) אוֹ‎ (Alef-Vav) ao cow
ju (rare) יוּ‎ (
shuruk
) 		yu cute
ij (rare) יְ‎(Hiriq-Yud with Shva Nach)
i.e. "נִיְלֵן‎" [nijˈlen] 		iy like see


Other symbols
IPA Explanation
ˈ Primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable): אֹכֶל‎ ('food') /ˈʔoχel/, אוֹכֵל‏‎ ('eating' [participle]) /ʔoˈχel/
ˌ Secondary stress, e.g. הַאֻמְנָם?‎ ('oh, really?') /ˌhaʔumˈnam/
ː Long vowels (in Tiberian Hebrew) can be transcribed using the IPA gemination sign ː: the word for "hand" would be יָד‎ /jaːd/ in absolute state and יַד־‎ /jad/ in construct state.[7] Indicating normative consonant gemination uses a double consonant: גַּנָּב‎ ('a thief') /ɡanˈnav/ not /ɡaˈnːav/

Notes

  1. ^
    Oriental Hebrew
    speakers.
  2. r]~[ɾ
    ]    .
  3. ^ a b c /dʒ, ts, tʃ/ are officially written with a tie-bar in the IPA /d͡ʒ, t͡s, t͡ʃ/ respectively, but the tie-bar is here omitted for simplicity.
  4. ^ a b Sometimes confused by speakers who don't hear a distinction between [ð] and [θ].
  5. Modern Israeli Hebrew, /w/ appears in a few words, mostly loanwords: וואו (wow) /waw/. In some words that originally had /w/, it is approximated to [v
    ]    .
  6. Modern Israeli Hebrew, /ɣ/ appears in a transliteration from Arabic, like: ע'ין (Ghayn
    ) /ɣain/.
  7. ^ Vowel length and quality in Tiberian Hebrew is a matter of debate, and that is just one possible example.

See also

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