Helwan

Coordinates: 29°50′43″N 31°20′00″E / 29.84528°N 31.33333°E / 29.84528; 31.33333
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Helwan
حلوان
ϩⲁⲗⲟⲩⲁⲛ
District of Cairo
Hayy Helwan
UTC+2 (EST
)

Helwan (

district. For a brief period between April 2008 and April 2011 it was redesignated as a city, and served as the capital of the now defunct Helwan Governorate that was split from Cairo and Giza governorates, before being re-incorporated back into them.[4] The kism of Helwan had a population of 521,239 in the 2017 census.[5]

History

The Helwan and Isnian cultures of the late

Harifian cultural assemblage of the Sinai,[citation needed] which may have introduced Proto-Semitic languages into the Middle East. Around 3000 to 2600 BC, there was a cemetery near Helwan serving the city of Memphis.[6]

The city of Helwan was founded in 689 CE as Fustat's temporary replacement as the capital of Umayyad Egypt by its governor Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan, who died in the new city.[7]

The Khedivial Astronomical Observatory was built here 1903–1904, and was used to observe

Halley's comet. Egypt's oldest and largest private psychiatric clinic, the Behman Hospital, was constructed here in 1939.[8]

During the early part of the 20th century, the city was the site of RAF Helwan, a major British airfield, which was later used by the Egyptian Air Force.[citation needed]

In 1959 Helwan was chosen to serve as a site of a major industrial city, as part of President

steelworks zone, with numerous automobile factories being built. The site continues to use electricity from the Aswan Dam and iron ore from Egypt's western deserts. Helwan was gradually transformed into a mass suburb of Cairo for the working class.[9]

Helwan Governorate

In April 2008, the

markaz) of Al-Saf and Atfih from the Giza Governorate's former jurisdiction east of the Nile.[12]

Following the dissolution of the Helwan Governorate in April 2011, all cities and districts returned to their previous statuses, and the city of Helwan was reincorporated as a district.[4]

  • Helwan points (Abu Salem points sub-type)
    Helwan points (Abu Salem points sub-type)
  • Map of the Levantine sites with Helwan points
    Map of the Levantine sites with Helwan points

Ecclesiastical history

Alphocranon was important enough in the Late

suffragan of its Metropolitan Archbishop of Oxyrhynchus
.

Its bishop, Harpocration, participated in the First Council of Nicaea in 325. The bishopric is mentioned in two Notitiae Episcopatuum.[13][14]

Titular see

No longer a residential diocese, Alphocranon is today listed by the

titular bishopric,[15]
nominally restoring the diocese since 1933, but no incumbent is recorded.

Administrative subdivisions and population

In the 2017 census, Helwan had 521,239 residents in 8 shiakhas:[5]

Shiakha Code 2017 Population
`Ayn Ḥulwân 010208 34800
Kafr al-`Uluw 010207 73561
Masâkin al-Iqtiṣâdiyya, al- 010201 98831
Ḥulwân al-balad 010203 106302
Ḥulwân al-baḥriyya 010202 13328
Ḥulwân al-gharbiyya 010205 44775
Ḥulwân al-qibliyya 010206 15384
Ḥulwân al-sharqiyya 010204 134258

Economy

President Gamal Abdel Nasser inaugurating the Al Nasr automobile factory in Helwan, 1963

Local industry includes

trams
in Helwan used to serve the people.

Climate

hot desert (BWh). Owing to its proximity to Cairo, its average monthly temperatures are quite similar, but it has a quite different distribution of humidity
and its diurnal average temperature variation is slightly larger.

Climate data for Helwan
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 30.4
(86.7)
33.2
(91.8)
37.2
(99.0)
42.4
(108.3)
46.6
(115.9)
47.4
(117.3)
44.1
(111.4)
43.8
(110.8)
44.0
(111.2)
40.2
(104.4)
35.9
(96.6)
29.8
(85.6)
47.4
(117.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 18.5
(65.3)
20.4
(68.7)
23.4
(74.1)
28.5
(83.3)
32.2
(90.0)
34.3
(93.7)
35.0
(95.0)
34.6
(94.3)
32.6
(90.7)
29.3
(84.7)
24.5
(76.1)
19.5
(67.1)
27.7
(81.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 13.0
(55.4)
14.5
(58.1)
16.9
(62.4)
21.4
(70.5)
24.7
(76.5)
27.3
(81.1)
27.7
(81.9)
27.6
(81.7)
25.8
(78.4)
23.3
(73.9)
18.8
(65.8)
14.4
(57.9)
21.3
(70.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 7.9
(46.2)
8.9
(48.0)
10.9
(51.6)
14.3
(57.7)
17.3
(63.1)
19.9
(67.8)
20.9
(69.6)
21.1
(70.0)
19.8
(67.6)
17.6
(63.7)
13.7
(56.7)
9.8
(49.6)
15.2
(59.4)
Record low °C (°F) −3.4
(25.9)
2.2
(36.0)
1.2
(34.2)
6.6
(43.9)
10.6
(51.1)
13.8
(56.8)
15.0
(59.0)
11.2
(52.2)
14.4
(57.9)
10.8
(51.4)
3.7
(38.7)
2.8
(37.0)
−3.4
(25.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 5
(0.2)
3
(0.1)
2
(0.1)
1
(0.0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
2
(0.1)
5
(0.2)
18
(0.7)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.5 2.5
Average
relative humidity
(%)
62 57 54 43 41 45 52 56 56 55 58 61 53
Mean monthly sunshine hours 220.8 211.7 266.3 275.8 314.6 357.5 350.2 337.8 282.7 289.6 244.1 197.1 3,348.2
Source: NOAA[16]

Notability

See also

References

  1. ^ Emile, Amélineau (1893). La géographie de l'Egypte à l'époque copte. Paris: Imprimerie nationale. p. 584.
  2. ^ "Southern Area". www.cairo.gov.eg. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  3. ^ "Minister of Justice Decree 272/1961". The Official Gazette. 1961.
  4. ^ a b "Supreme Council of the Armed Forces Decree 63/2011". The Official Gazette. 2011.
  5. ^ a b Central Agency for Public Mobilisation and Statistics (CAPMAS) (2017). "2017 Census for Population and Housing Conditions". CEDEJ-CAPMAS. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  6. , retrieved 21 February 2023
  7. .
  8. ^ "our history – The Behman hospital". behman.com. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  9. ^ "Presidential Decree 114/2008". The Official Gazette. 2008.
  10. ^ a b "Prime Ministerial Decree 2994/2008". The Official Gazette. 2008.
  11. ^ "Presidential Decree 124/2008". The Official Gazette. 2008.
  12. ^ Siméon Vailhé, v. Alphocranon, in Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques, vol. XII, Paris 1953, col. 677
  13. ^ Klaas A. Worp, A Checklist of Bishops in Byzantine Egypt (A.D. 325 - c. 750), in Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 100 (1994) 283-318
  14. ), p. 829
  15. ^ "Helwan Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 25 June 2015.

External links

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