Helwan
Helwan
حلوان ϩⲁⲗⲟⲩⲁⲛ | |
---|---|
District of Cairo | |
Hayy Helwan | |
UTC+2 (EST ) |
Helwan (
History
The Helwan and Isnian cultures of the late
The city of Helwan was founded in 689 CE as Fustat's temporary replacement as the capital of Umayyad Egypt by its governor Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan, who died in the new city.[7]
The Khedivial Astronomical Observatory was built here 1903–1904, and was used to observe
During the early part of the 20th century, the city was the site of RAF Helwan, a major British airfield, which was later used by the Egyptian Air Force.[citation needed]
In 1959 Helwan was chosen to serve as a site of a major industrial city, as part of President
Helwan Governorate
In April 2008, the
Following the dissolution of the Helwan Governorate in April 2011, all cities and districts returned to their previous statuses, and the city of Helwan was reincorporated as a district.[4]
-
Helwan points (Abu Salem points sub-type)
-
Map of the Levantine sites with Helwan points
Ecclesiastical history
Alphocranon was important enough in the Late
Its bishop, Harpocration, participated in the First Council of Nicaea in 325. The bishopric is mentioned in two Notitiae Episcopatuum.[13][14]
Titular see
No longer a residential diocese, Alphocranon is today listed by the
Administrative subdivisions and population
In the 2017 census, Helwan had 521,239 residents in 8 shiakhas:[5]
Shiakha | Code 2017 | Population |
---|---|---|
`Ayn Ḥulwân | 010208 | 34800 |
Kafr al-`Uluw | 010207 | 73561 |
Masâkin al-Iqtiṣâdiyya, al- | 010201 | 98831 |
Ḥulwân al-balad | 010203 | 106302 |
Ḥulwân al-baḥriyya | 010202 | 13328 |
Ḥulwân al-gharbiyya | 010205 | 44775 |
Ḥulwân al-qibliyya | 010206 | 15384 |
Ḥulwân al-sharqiyya | 010204 | 134258 |
Economy
Local industry includes
Climate
Climate data for Helwan | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 30.4 (86.7) |
33.2 (91.8) |
37.2 (99.0) |
42.4 (108.3) |
46.6 (115.9) |
47.4 (117.3) |
44.1 (111.4) |
43.8 (110.8) |
44.0 (111.2) |
40.2 (104.4) |
35.9 (96.6) |
29.8 (85.6) |
47.4 (117.3) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 18.5 (65.3) |
20.4 (68.7) |
23.4 (74.1) |
28.5 (83.3) |
32.2 (90.0) |
34.3 (93.7) |
35.0 (95.0) |
34.6 (94.3) |
32.6 (90.7) |
29.3 (84.7) |
24.5 (76.1) |
19.5 (67.1) |
27.7 (81.9) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 13.0 (55.4) |
14.5 (58.1) |
16.9 (62.4) |
21.4 (70.5) |
24.7 (76.5) |
27.3 (81.1) |
27.7 (81.9) |
27.6 (81.7) |
25.8 (78.4) |
23.3 (73.9) |
18.8 (65.8) |
14.4 (57.9) |
21.3 (70.3) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 7.9 (46.2) |
8.9 (48.0) |
10.9 (51.6) |
14.3 (57.7) |
17.3 (63.1) |
19.9 (67.8) |
20.9 (69.6) |
21.1 (70.0) |
19.8 (67.6) |
17.6 (63.7) |
13.7 (56.7) |
9.8 (49.6) |
15.2 (59.4) |
Record low °C (°F) | −3.4 (25.9) |
2.2 (36.0) |
1.2 (34.2) |
6.6 (43.9) |
10.6 (51.1) |
13.8 (56.8) |
15.0 (59.0) |
11.2 (52.2) |
14.4 (57.9) |
10.8 (51.4) |
3.7 (38.7) |
2.8 (37.0) |
−3.4 (25.9) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 5 (0.2) |
3 (0.1) |
2 (0.1) |
1 (0.0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
2 (0.1) |
5 (0.2) |
18 (0.7) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 1.0 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 2.5 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
62 | 57 | 54 | 43 | 41 | 45 | 52 | 56 | 56 | 55 | 58 | 61 | 53 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 220.8 | 211.7 | 266.3 | 275.8 | 314.6 | 357.5 | 350.2 | 337.8 | 282.7 | 289.6 | 244.1 | 197.1 | 3,348.2 |
Source: NOAA[16] |
Notability
This article is in prose. is available. (July 2017) |
- Sadd el-Kafara, one of the earliest prehistoric man-made dams in the world.
- Harold Knox-Shaw, one of the earliest astronomy specialists in Helwan Observatory.
- John Reynolds, one of the earliest astronomy specialists in Helwan Observatory & president of the English Royal Astronomical Society between 1935 and 1937.
- Operation Priha: Helwan was targeted in Priha-1.
- Tewfik Pasha died in his palace at Helwan.
- The 6th Armoured Division (South Africa)was present at Helwan during WW II.
- The 82-BM-37 is known as "Helwan M-69 82mm mortar".
- Abdul Rahman Hassan Azzam Pasha lived in Helwan.
- Moataz Eno was born in Helwan.
- Cars produced at Helwan:
- Nasr 128
- Sahin 1.4S
- Sahin 1.6SL
- Zastava FloridaIn
- Fiat 1100
- Fiat 1300/1500
- Fiat 2300
- Polski Fiat 125p/FSO 125p
- FSO Polonez MR'83/MR'85
- FSO Polonez MR'86/MR'87/MR'89
- Fiat Ritmo
- Fiat Regata
- Fiat Tempra
- The English Middle East Command Camouflage Directorate was present in Helwan.
- Geoffrey Barkas designed the Operation Bertram while heading Middle East Command Camouflage Directorate.
- RAF Helwan was a British airfield.
- No. 112 Squadron RAF was stationed at Helwan.
- A crater on the 951 Gaspra asteroid was named after the spa city of Helwan.
- Inebu-hedj
See also
- List of ancient Egyptian sites, including sites of temples
- 15th of May
- Greater Cairo
- Helwan retouch
- Helwan University
- El Tebin
- Maadi
References
- ^ Emile, Amélineau (1893). La géographie de l'Egypte à l'époque copte. Paris: Imprimerie nationale. p. 584.
- ^ "Southern Area". www.cairo.gov.eg. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
- ^ "Minister of Justice Decree 272/1961". The Official Gazette. 1961.
- ^ a b "Supreme Council of the Armed Forces Decree 63/2011". The Official Gazette. 2011.
- ^ a b Central Agency for Public Mobilisation and Statistics (CAPMAS) (2017). "2017 Census for Population and Housing Conditions". CEDEJ-CAPMAS. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
- ISBN 979-10-320-0369-5, retrieved 21 February 2023
- ISBN 0-521-47137-0.
- ^ "our history – The Behman hospital". behman.com. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
- ISBN 9781902669779
- ^ "Presidential Decree 114/2008". The Official Gazette. 2008.
- ^ a b "Prime Ministerial Decree 2994/2008". The Official Gazette. 2008.
- ^ "Presidential Decree 124/2008". The Official Gazette. 2008.
- ^ Siméon Vailhé, v. Alphocranon, in Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques, vol. XII, Paris 1953, col. 677
- ^ Klaas A. Worp, A Checklist of Bishops in Byzantine Egypt (A.D. 325 - c. 750), in Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 100 (1994) 283-318
- ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 829
- ^ "Helwan Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
External links
- (in German) Helwan on Wikivoyage
- GCatholic