Hematochezia
Haematochezia | |
---|---|
Other names | hematochezia |
Bloody stool | |
Specialty | Gastroenterology |
Symptoms | bright blood in stool |
Causes | Hemorrhoid, gastritis, gastrointestinal bleeding, stomach cancer |
Haematochezia is the passage of fresh blood through the anus, usually in or with stools (contrast with
Causes
In adults, most common causes are
Hematochezia can be due to
In infants, the
Other common causes of blood in the stool include:
- Colorectal cancer[3][4][5][6][7]
- Crohn's disease[8]
- Ulcerative colitis[9]
- Other types of inflammatory bowel disease, inflammatory bowel syndrome, or ulceration
- Rectal or anal hemorrhoids or anal fissures, particularly if they rupture or are otherwise irritated[citation needed]
- Shigella[10] or shiga toxin producing [11] E. coli food poisoning[12]
- Necrotizing enterocolitis[citation needed]
- Menstruation
- Dysentery
- Diverticulosis[13]
- Salmonellosis[14]
- Upper gastrointestinal bleeding[15]
- Peptic ulcer disease[16]
- Esophageal varices[17]
- Gastric cancer[18]
- Angiodysplasia
- Intense exercise, especially a high-impact activity like running in hot weather.[19]
- Radiation proctitis
Diagnosis
A complete blood count as well as an hemoglobin test should be performed when a patient presents symptoms of hematochezia. A colonoscopy may be necessary if there is suspicion of bleed from colon particularly in the elderly to look for the site and many causes of bleed like carcinoma, ulcerative colitis, rectal varices or other lesions and in certain instances upper gastrointestinal endoscopy may be required as well to look for any rapid and massive fresh bleed from upper gastrointestinal tract when there may not be sufficient time for the change of colour of blood to occur.[20]
See also
References
- ^ Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary. Donald Venes. 20th Edition. Page 955.
- ^ Sáenz, Roque; Valdivieso, Eduardo. "Approach to lower gastrointestinal bleeding" (PDF). p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-13.
- ^ "Colon Cancer Symptoms - What are Colon Cancer Symptoms". Coloncancer.about.com. 2009-01-20. Archived from the original on 2012-01-01. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ "Colon cancer: Symptoms". MayoClinic.com. 2011-08-13. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ Lenz, Heinz-Josef (2009-03-06). "What are Early Symptoms of Colorectal Cancer? Watch out for Small Changes". Alexandria, Virginia, United States: Fight Colorectal Cancer. Archived from the original on 2009-03-10. Retrieved 2013-02-23.
- ^ "Colon Cancer Symptoms - Colorectal Cancer Symptoms". Webmd.com. 2010-10-31. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ "Crohn's Disease: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD): Merck Manual Home Edition". Merckmanuals.com. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ "Crohn's disease: Symptoms". MayoClinic.com. 2011-08-09. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ "Ulcerative Colitis - Symptoms, Causes and Treatments of Ulcerative Colitis". Webmd.com. 2010-10-07. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ "Causes and Symptoms of Shigellosis". Minnesota Department of Health. Archived from the original on 2017-05-02. Retrieved 2015-05-22.
- ^ "Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157)". Minnesota Department of Health. Archived from the original on 2017-06-02. Retrieved 2015-05-22.
- ^ "Symptoms of E. coli Infection | E. coli Food Poisoning". About-ecoli.com. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ "Diverticulitis: Diverticular Disease: Merck Manual Home Edition". Merckmanuals.com. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ "Salmonella infection: Symptoms". MayoClinic.com. 2011-04-16. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding at eMedicine
- ^ "Peptic ulcer: Symptoms". MayoClinic.com. 2011-01-06. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ "Esophageal varices: Symptoms". MayoClinic.com. 2010-10-30. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ Gastric Cancer at eMedicine
- ISBN 9781930513648.
- S2CID 23181441.