Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire Deville

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This article is about the chemist. For his brother, the geologist and meteorologist, see Charles Joseph Sainte-Claire Deville.
Henri Sainte-Claire Deville
École Normale
Sorbonne
Doctoral studentsLouis Joseph Troost

Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire Deville (11 March 1818 – 1 July 1881) was a French chemist.

He was born in the island of

Boulogne-sur-Seine.[1]

In 1841, he began his experiments with investigations of oil of

anhydrides" of the monobasic acids. In 1854, he succeeded in obtaining metallic aluminium, and ultimately he devised a method by which the metal could be prepared on a large scale by the aid of sodium, the manufacture of which he also developed. Together with Friedrich Wöhler, he discovered silicon nitride in 1857.[2] With Jules Henri Debray (1827–1888) he worked at the platinum metals, his object being on the one hand to prepare them pure, and on the other to find a suitable metal for the standard metre for the International Metric Commission then sitting at Paris. With Louis Joseph Troost (born 1825) he devised a method for determining vapour densities at temperatures up to 1400˚C, and, partly with F. Wöhler, he investigated the allotropic forms of silicon and boron.[1]

The artificial preparation of minerals, especially of apatite and isorhor-phous minerals and of crystalline oxides, was another subject in which he made many experiments. But his best known contribution to general chemistry is his work on the phenomena of reversible reactions, which he comprehended under a general theory of "dissociation". He first took up the subject about 1857, and it was in the course of his investigations on it that he devised the apparatus known as the "Deville hot and cold tube."[1]

Deville was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1860.[3] In 1885, the rue Sainte-Claire-Deville in the 12th arrondissement de Paris was named in his honour.

See also

Selected publications

  • "De l'aluminium et de ses combinaisons chimiques", Comptes-rendus de l'Académie des sciences (1854), article analysé sur le site BibNum.
  • "Mémoire sur la fabrication du sodium et de l'aluminium", Annales de chimie et de physique, 46 (1856), 415-58
  • "De l'aluminium, ses propriétés, sa fabrication et ses applications", 1 vol., in-8°, Paris, Mallet-Bachelier, 1859,176 pages
  • "L'état naissant des corps", la Revue scientifique, 22 janvier 1870.
  • "L'internat dans l'éducation", la Revue scientifique, 2 septembre 1871.

References

  1. ^ a b c Chisholm 1911.
  2. ^ Deville, H.; Wöhler, F. (1857). "Ueber das Stickstoffsilicium (Erstmalige Erwähnung von Si3N4)". Liebigs Ann. Chem. 104: 256.
  3. ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2021-01-19.


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