Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster
Henry | |
---|---|
Earl of Lancaster and Leicester | |
Father | Edmund Crouchback |
Mother | Blanche of Artois |
Henry, 3rd Earl of Leicester and Lancaster (c. 1281 – 22 September 1345) was a grandson of King Henry III of England (1216–1272) and was one of the principals behind the deposition of King Edward II (1307–1327), his first cousin.
Origins
He was the younger son of Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester,[1] a son of King Henry III by his wife Eleanor of Provence. The Earl Henry's mother was Blanche of Artois, Queen Dowager of Navarre. Through his mother, he was a half-brother of Queen Joan I of Navarre.
Henry's elder brother Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster, succeeded their father in 1296, but Henry was summoned to Parliament on 6 February 1298/99 by writ directed to Henrico de Lancastre nepoti Regis ("Henry of Lancaster, nephew of the king", Edward I), by which he is held to have become Baron Lancaster. He took part in the Siege of Caerlaverock in July 1300.
Petition for succession and inheritance
After a period of long-standing opposition to King Edward II and his advisors, including joining two open rebellions, Henry's brother Thomas was convicted of treason, executed and had his lands and titles forfeited in 1322. Henry did not participate in his brother's rebellions; he later petitioned for his brother's lands and titles, and on 29 March 1324 he was invested as Earl of Leicester.
A few years later, shortly after his accession in 1327, the young Edward III of England returned the earldom of Lancaster to him, along with other lordships such as that of Bowland. He may have inherited the Barony of Halton.[2]
Capture and custody of the King
On the Queen's return to England in September 1326 with
Henry was sent in pursuit and captured the King at Neath in South Wales.[3] He was appointed to take charge of the King and was responsible for his custody at Kenilworth Castle.[3]
Full restoration and reward
Henry was appointed head of the
Later life and death
In about the year 1330, he became
Henry spent the last fifteen years of his life at
Nickname
According to Jean Le Bel, he was nicknamed Wryneck, or Tors-col in French, possibly due to a medical condition.[10] Froissart repeated that statement in his Chronicles.
Issue
He married Maud Chaworth, before 2 March 1296/1297.[11]
Henry and Maud had seven children:
- Henry of Grosmont, Duke of Lancaster, (c. 1310–1361)[12]
- Blanche of Lancaster, Baroness Wake of Liddell, (c. 1305-c. 1380) married Thomas Wake, 2nd Baron Wake of Liddell
- Justiciar of Ireland(died 1346), and had descendants by both.
- John de Mowbray, 3rd Baron Mowbrayand had descendants
- Isabel of Lancaster, Abbess of Amesbury, (about 1317 – after 1347)
- Richard FitzAlan, 3rd Earl of Arundeland had descendants.
- Henry de Percy, 3rd Baron Percy, and was the mother of Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberlandand had descendants.
Arms
Prior to his restoration to his earldoms, Henry bore the
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Shield prior to restoration
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Shield as Earl of Lancaster and Leicester
Ancestry
Ancestors of Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In fiction
Henry is a supporting character in
Notes
- ^ Armitage-Smith, Sir Sydney, John of Gaunt: king of Castile and Leon, duke of Aquitaine and Lancaster, (Archibald Constable and Co. Ltd., 1904), pg 197.
- ^ Whimperley (1986), p. 13
- ^ a b Prestwich 1980, p. 97.
- ^ Prestwich 1980, p. 111.
- ^ Burke, John, A general and heraldic dictionary of the peerages of England, Ireland, and Scotland, (Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley:London, 1831), 424.
- ^ Prestwich 1980, pp. 112–113.
- ^ Prestwich 1980, p. 112.
- ^ S.H. Skillington & Colin Ellis, Historical Guide To Leicester, (Leicester, 1933)
- ^ "A History of the County of Leicestershire: Colleges: College of the Annunciation of St Mary in the Newarke, Leicester". British History Online. 1954. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
- ^ Jean le Bel, Chronique, ed. J. Viard and E. Déprez, 2 vols. (Paris, 1904-1905), I, p. 20.
- ^ Fryde 1979, p. 30.
- ^ Hamilton 2010, p. 157.
- ^ "Marks of cadency in the British royal family". www.heraldica.org.
- ^ "The Ancestry of Elizabeth FitzAlan (and her sister Joan FitzAlan) to the 9th generation".
- ^ "Les Rois maudits: Casting de la saison 1" (in French). AlloCiné. 2005. Archived from the original on 19 December 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
References
- Armitage-Smith, Sir Sydney (1904). John of Gaunt: king of Castile and Leon, duke of Aquitaine and Lancaster. Archibald Constable and Co. Ltd.
- Burke, John (1831). A general and heraldic dictionary of the peerages of England, Ireland, and Scotland. London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley.
- Fryde, Natalie (1979). The Tyranny and Fall of Edward II 1321–1326. Cambridge University Press.
- Hamilton, Jeffrey (2010). The Plantagenets: History of a Dynasty. Continuum UK.
- Prestwich, Michael (1980). The Three Edwards: War and State in England, 1272–1377. Routledge.
- doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/12959. Archived from the original on 17 September 2019. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- Whimperley, Arthur (1986), The Barons of Halton, Widnes: MailBook Publishing