Henry, King of Portugal

Styles of
**Henry of Portugal**
Styles of; Henry of Portugal
	His Eminence
Informal style	Cardinal-King

Henry
Henry
Catholicism

Henry (

inquisitor and cardinal of the Catholic Church, who ruled Portugal between 1578 and 1580. As a clergyman, he was bound to celibacy, and as such, had no children to succeed him, and thus put an end to the reigning House of Aviz. His death led to the Portuguese succession crisis of 1580 and ultimately to the 60-year Iberian Union that saw Portugal share a monarch with Habsburg Spain. The next independent monarch of Portugal would be John IV, who restored the throne

after 60 years of Spanish rule.

Life

Born in

Maria of Aragon.^[1]

Cardinal

As the younger brother of

Jesuits to Portugal to encourage their activity in the colonial empire

.

Reign

Henry served as

King Sebastian, replacing his sister-in-law and Sebastian's grandmother Queen dowager Catherine, following her resignation from the role in 1562.^[4]^[5] King Sebastian died without an heir in the disastrous Battle of Alcácer Quibir that took place in 1578, and the elderly cardinal was proclaimed king soon after.^[6] Henry sought to be released from his ecclesiastical vows so he could take a bride and pursue the continuation of the Aviz dynasty, but Pope Gregory XIII, not wanting to antagonize Philip II of Spain, did not grant him that release.^[7]^[8]

Death and succession

The Cardinal-King died in the

Duke of Alba to claim Portugal by force.^[10] Lisbon soon fell, and Philip was elected king of Portugal at the Portuguese Cortes of Tomar in 1581— on the condition that the kingdom and its overseas territories would retain their autonomy.^[11]

Ancestry

Ancestors of Henry, King of Portugal

8.

Beatrice of Portugal^[12]

11. Isabel of Barcelos^[13]

1. Henry, King of Portugal

12. John II of Aragon^[15]

6. Ferdinand II of Aragon^[13]

13. Juana Enríquez^[15]

3. Maria of Aragon

14. John II of Castile^[16]

7. Isabella I of Castile^[13]

15. Isabella of Portugal^[16]

Notes

^ McMurdo 1889, pp. 113–114.
^ Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church: Enrique de Portugal; Henry's brother Alonso had also been made a cardinal, in 1517 at the age of eight. (Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church: Alonso de Portugal).
^ ^a ^b As King, Cardinal Henry deprecated the manner of address of "Your Majesty", considering it to be appropriate only when applied to God.
^ Disney 2009, p. 174
^ McMurdo 1889, p. 165.
^ McMurdo 1889, pp. 220–221.
^ MacKay 2012, p. 44
^ Disney 2009, p. 176
^ Disney 2009, pp. 193–195.
^ Disney 2009, p. 195.
^ Stephens 1903, pp. 283–284.
^ ^a ^b Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Emanuel I." . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
^
ISBN 978-0812293203
.

^ ^a ^b Stephens 1903, p. 139
^ ^a ^b Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Ferdinand V. of Castile and Leon and II. of Aragon" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
^ ^a ^b Isabella I, Queen of Spain at the Encyclopædia Britannica

Bibliography

Disney, A. R. (2009). A History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire. Vol. I. Cambridge University Press.
ISBN 978-0-521-60397-3
.

MacKay, Ruth (2012). The Baker Who Pretended to Be King of Portugal. University of Chicago Press.
ISBN 978-0226501086
.

McMurdo, Edward (1889). The History of Portugal, from the Commencement of the Monarchy to the Reign of Alfonso III. Vol. III. London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
Stephens, Henry Morse (1903). The Story of Portugal. G.P. Putnam's Sons.
ISBN 978-0722224731
.

External links

Regnal titles
Henry, King of Portugal House of Aviz Cadet branch of the House of Burgundy Born: 31 January 1512 Died: 31 January 1580
Preceded by Sebastian	King of Portugal 1578–1580	Succeeded by Anthony or Philip I
Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Diogo de Sousa	Archbishop of Braga 1533–1539	Succeeded by Diego da Silva
Preceded by Cardinal-Infante Afonso of Portugal as Bishop of Evora	Archbishop of Evora 1540–1564	Succeeded by João de Melo
Preceded by Fernando de Menezes Coutinho e Vasconcellos	Archbishop of Lisboa 1564–1569	Succeeded by Jorge de Almeida
Preceded by João de Melo	Archbishop of Evora 1574–1578	Succeeded by Teotónio de Bragança

[FOOTNOTEMcMurdo1889113–114-1] McMurdo 1889, pp. 113–114.

[2] Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church: Enrique de Portugal; Henry's brother Alonso had also been made a cardinal, in 1517 at the age of eight. (Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church: Alonso de Portugal).

[styles-3] As King, Cardinal Henry deprecated the manner of address of "Your Majesty", considering it to be appropriate only when applied to God.

[DisneyP174-4] Disney 2009, p. 174

[FOOTNOTEMcMurdo1889165-5] McMurdo 1889, p. 165.

[FOOTNOTEMcMurdo1889220–221-6] McMurdo 1889, pp. 220–221.

[MacKayP44-7] MacKay 2012, p. 44

[DisneyP176-8] Disney 2009, p. 176

[FOOTNOTEDisney2009193–195-9] Disney 2009, pp. 193–195.

[FOOTNOTEDisney2009195-10] Disney 2009, p. 195.

[FOOTNOTEStephens1903283–284-11] Stephens 1903, pp. 283–284.

[1911-Emanuel_I-12] Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Emanuel I." . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

[Liss-13] 
ISBN 978-0812293203
.

[Stephens1903-14] Stephens 1903, p. 139

[1911-Ferdinand-15] Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Ferdinand V. of Castile and Leon and II. of Aragon" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

[Britannica295037-16] Isabella I, Queen of Spain at the Encyclopædia Britannica

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v t e Monarchs of Portugal
House of Burgundy (1139–1383)	Afonso I Sancho I Afonso II Sancho II Afonso III Denis I Afonso IV Peter I Ferdinand I Beatrice I
House of Aviz (1385–1580)	John I Edward I Afonso V John II Manuel I John III Sebastian I Henry I Anthony I
House of Habsburg (1581–1640)	Philip I Philip II Philip III
House of Braganza (1640–1910)	John IV Afonso VI Peter II John V Joseph I Maria I with Peter III John VI Peter IV Maria II Miguel I Maria II with Ferdinand II Peter V Luís I Carlos I Manuel II
Debatable or disputed rulers are in italics.