Henry A. Wallace
Henry A. Wallace | |
---|---|
33rd Vice President of the United States | |
In office January 20, 1941 – January 20, 1945 | |
President | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
Preceded by | John Nance Garner |
Succeeded by | Harry S. Truman |
10th United States Secretary of Commerce | |
In office March 2, 1945 – September 20, 1946 | |
President |
|
Preceded by | Jesse H. Jones |
Succeeded by | W. Averell Harriman |
Chair of the Supply Priorities and Allocations Board | |
In office August 28, 1941 – January 16, 1942 | |
President | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
Preceded by | Office established |
Succeeded by | Office abolished |
Chair of the Board of Economic Warfare | |
In office July 2, 1940 – July 15, 1943 | |
President | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
Preceded by | Office established |
Succeeded by | Office abolished |
11th United States Secretary of Agriculture | |
In office March 4, 1933 – September 4, 1940 | |
President | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
Preceded by | Arthur M. Hyde |
Succeeded by | Claude R. Wickard |
Personal details | |
Born | Henry Agard Wallace October 7, 1888 Progressive "Bull Moose" (1912) |
Spouse | |
Children | 3 |
Parent |
|
Education | Iowa State University (BS) |
Signature | |
Henry Agard Wallace (October 7, 1888 – November 18, 1965) was an American politician, journalist, farmer, and businessman who served as the 33rd
The oldest son of
Wallace served as Secretary of Agriculture under Roosevelt from 1933 to 1940. He strongly supported the New Deal and presided over a major shift in federal agricultural policy, implementing measures designed to curtail agricultural surpluses and to ameliorate rural poverty. Roosevelt overcame strong opposition from conservative leaders in the Democratic Party and had Wallace nominated for vice president at the 1940 Democratic National Convention. The Roosevelt-Wallace ticket won the 1940 presidential election. At the 1944 Democratic National Convention, conservative party leaders defeated Wallace's bid for renomination, placing Missouri Senator Harry S. Truman on the Democratic ticket instead. In early 1945, Roosevelt appointed Wallace as Secretary of Commerce.
Roosevelt died in April 1945 and Truman succeeded him as president. Wallace continued to serve as Secretary of Commerce until September 1946, when he was fired by Truman for delivering a speech urging conciliatory policies toward the
Early life and education
Henry Agard Wallace was born on October 7, 1888, on a farm near Orient, Iowa, to Henry Cantwell Wallace and his wife, Carrie May Brodhead.[2] Wallace had two younger brothers and three younger sisters.[3] His paternal grandfather, "Uncle Henry" Wallace, was a prominent landowner, newspaper editor, Republican activist, and Social Gospel advocate in Adair County, Iowa. Uncle Henry's father, John Wallace, was an Ulster-Scots immigrant from the village Kilrea in County Londonderry, Ireland, who arrived in Philadelphia in 1823.[4] May (née Broadhead) was born in New York City but was raised by an aunt in Muscatine, Iowa, after her parents' death.[5]
Wallace's family moved to
Journalist and farmer
Wallace became a full-time writer and editor for Wallace's Farmer after graduating from college in 1910. He was deeply interested in using mathematics and economics in agriculture and learned
In 1914, Wallace and his wife,
Early political involvement
During
Both Wallaces backed the
Secretary of Agriculture
After Roosevelt won the 1932 presidential election, he appointed Wallace as secretary of agriculture.
The Supreme Court struck down the Agricultural Adjustment Act in the 1936 case United States v. Butler. Wallace strongly disagreed with the Court's holding that agriculture was a "purely local activity" and thus could not be regulated by the federal government, saying, "were agriculture truly a local matter in 1936, as the Supreme Court says it is, half of the people of the United States would quickly starve."[39] He quickly proposed a new agriculture program designed to satisfy the Supreme Court's objections; under the new program, the federal government would reach rental agreements with farmers to plant green manure rather than crops like corn and wheat. Less than two months after the Supreme Court decided United States v. Butler, Roosevelt signed the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act of 1936 into law.[40] In the 1936 presidential election, Wallace was an important surrogate in Roosevelt's campaign.[41]
In 1935, Wallace fired general counsel Jerome Frank and some other Agriculture Department officials who sought to help Southern sharecroppers by issuing a reinterpretation of the Agricultural Adjustment Act.[42] He became more committed to aiding sharecroppers and other groups of impoverished farmers during a trip to the South in late 1936, after which he wrote, "I have never seen among the peasantry of Europe poverty so abject as that which exists in this favorable cotton year in the great cotton states." He helped lead passage of the Bankhead–Jones Farm Tenant Act of 1937, which authorized the federal government to issue loans to tenant farmers so that they could purchase land and equipment. The law also established the Farm Security Administration,[a] which was charged with ameliorating rural poverty, within the Agriculture Department.[43] He also played a key role in major New Deal successes that ended up in other cabinet departments, such as serving on the committee that got Social Security enacted in 1935 (the Committee on Economic Security, chaired by Labor Secretary Frances Perkins), and the interagency committee that designed the Civilian Conservation Corps, which created millions of public jobs in natural resource conservation and infrastructure building between 1933 and 1941 and was administered jointly by the Departments of Labor and Interior and the Army.
The failure of Roosevelt's Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937 (the "court-packing plan"), the onset of the Recession of 1937–1938, and a wave of strikes led by John L. Lewis badly damaged the Roosevelt administration's ability to pass major legislation after 1936.[44] Nonetheless, Wallace helped lead passage of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, which implemented Wallace's ever-normal granary plan.[45] Between 1932 and 1940, the Agriculture Department grew from 40,000 employees and an annual budget of $280 million to 146,000 employees and an annual budget of $1.5 billion.[46]
A Republican wave in the
Vice presidency (1941–1945)
Election of 1940
As Roosevelt refused to commit to either retiring or seeking reelection[b] during his second term, supporters of Wallace and other leading Democrats such as Vice President John Nance Garner and Postmaster General James Farley laid the groundwork for their presidential campaigns in the 1940 election.[51] After the outbreak of World War II in Europe in September 1939, Wallace publicly endorsed Roosevelt for an unprecedented third term.[52] Though Roosevelt never announced his candidacy, the 1940 Democratic National Convention nominated him for president.[53] Shortly after being nominated, Roosevelt told Democratic party leaders that he would not run without Wallace as his running mate. Roosevelt chose Wallace because of his loyalty to the Roosevelt administration, his handling of aid to Great Britain, and because he hoped that Wallace would appeal to agricultural voters.[54] A recent convert to the Democratic Party, Wallace was not popular among the big-city bosses and southern segregationists,[55] and had never been tested in an election.[56] Delegates to the 1940 Democratic convention "turned ugly on Wallace",[57] recalled Labor Secretary Frances Perkins, one of Wallace's strongest supporters, who had previously urged Wallace to run for president if Roosevelt did not.[58] Roosevelt's response was to send his wife Eleanor to Chicago to convince the delegates to accept Wallace as his running mate. The result was her most famous speech, captured in the title of Doris Kearns Goodwin's seminal book on the Roosevelt presidency, No Ordinary Time. With world war looming, she warned that "this is no ordinary time", and of Wallace's nomination, she warned that "you cannot treat this as you would an ordinary nomination in an ordinary time". The speech had "a magical calming effect" and has been credited for Wallace's winning the nomination[59] by a wide margin.[60]
Though many Democrats were disappointed by Wallace's nomination, it was generally well received by newspapers. Arthur Krock of The New York Times wrote that Wallace was "able, thoughtful, honorable–the best of the New Deal type."[61] Wallace left office as Secretary of Agriculture in September 1940, and was succeeded by Undersecretary of Agriculture Claude R. Wickard.[62] The Roosevelt campaign settled on a strategy of keeping Roosevelt largely out of the fray of the election, leaving most of the campaigning to Wallace and other surrogates. Wallace was dispatched to the Midwest, giving speeches in states like Iowa, Illinois, and Missouri. He made foreign affairs the main focus of his campaigning, telling one audience that "the replacement of Roosevelt ... would cause [Adolf] Hitler to rejoice."[63] Both campaigns predicted a close election, but Roosevelt won 449 of the 531 electoral votes and the popular vote by nearly ten points.[64]
After the election but before being sworn in as vice president, Wallace took a long trip to Mexico as FDR's goodwill ambassador, conveying messages of Pan-Americanism and Roosevelt's Good Neighbor policy. He spent much time visiting farmers in their fields, and came away appalled at Mexican farms' meager crop yields; to produce one bushel of corn, a Mexican farmer worked 500 hours, compared to the 10 hours it took an Iowa farmer using hybrid seeds from the company Wallace had founded in 1926, Pioneer Hi-Bred International.[65] Upon his return, Wallace convinced the Rockefeller Foundation to establish an agricultural station in Mexico, the first of many such centers the Rockefeller Foundation and the Ford Foundation established.[66][c] Wallace recommended hiring a young Iowa agronomist, Norman Borlaug, to run the agricultural station, which ultimately led to vast increases in crop yields of corn and wheat in Mexico and around the world, in what was later called the Green Revolution, which is credited with saving two billion people from starvation and earned Borlaug the 1970 Nobel Peace Prize and Presidential Medal of Freedom.[68]
Tenure
Wallace was sworn in as vice president on January 20, 1941. He quickly grew frustrated with his ceremonial role as the presiding officer of the
"Some have spoken of the "American Century." I say that the century on which we are entering—the century which will come into being after this war—can be and must be the century of the common man.
Perhaps it will be America's opportunity to—to support the Freedom[s] and Duties by which the common man must live. Everywhere, the common man must learn to build his own industries with his own hands in practical fashion. Everywhere, the common man must learn to increase his productivity so that he and his children can eventually pay to the world community all that they have received. No nation will have the God-given right to exploit other nations. Older nations will have the privilege to help younger nations get started on the path to industrialization, but there must be neither military nor economic imperialism."[77]
Economic conditions became chaotic, and Roosevelt decided new leadership was needed.
On May 8, 1942, Wallace delivered what became his best-remembered speech, known for containing the phrase "the Century of the Common Man". He cast World War II as a war between a "free world" and a "slave world," and held that "peace must mean a better standard of living for the common man, not merely in the United States and England, but also in India, Russia, China, and Latin America–not merely in the United Nations, but also in Germany and Italy and Japan". Some conservatives disliked the speech, but it was translated into 20 languages and millions of copies were distributed around the world.[86]
In early 1943, Wallace was dispatched on a goodwill tour of Latin America; he made 24 stops across
"The American people have always had guts and always will have." — Henry A. Wallace [91]
In mid-1944, Wallace toured the
Election of 1944
After the abolition of the BEW, speculation began as to whether Roosevelt would drop Wallace from the ticket in the
With Roosevelt not committed to keeping or dropping Wallace, the vice-presidential balloting turned into a battle between those who favored Wallace and those who favored Truman.[102] Wallace did not have an effective organization to support his candidacy, though allies like Calvin Benham Baldwin, Claude Pepper, and Joseph F. Guffey pressed for him. Truman, meanwhile, was reluctant to put forward his own candidacy, but Hannegan[f] and Roosevelt persuaded him to run.[104] At the convention, Wallace galvanized supporters with a well-received speech in which he lauded Roosevelt and argued that "the future belongs to those who go down the line unswervingly for the liberal principles of both political democracy and economic democracy regardless of race, color, or religion".[105] After Roosevelt delivered his acceptance speech, the crowd began chanting for the nomination of Wallace, but Samuel D. Jackson adjourned the convention for the day before Wallace supporters could call for the beginning of vice presidential balloting.[106] Party leaders worked furiously to line up support for Truman overnight, but Wallace received 429 1/2 votes (589 were needed for nomination) on the first ballot for vice president and Truman 319 1/2, with the rest going to various favorite son candidates. On the second ballot, many delegates who had voted for favorite sons shifted into Truman's camp, giving him the nomination.[107]
On January 25, 1945, Wallace swore in Truman as his vice-presidential successor.[108]
Secretary of Commerce (1945–1946)
Wallace believed that Democratic party leaders had unfairly stolen the vice-presidential nomination from him, but he supported Roosevelt in the 1944 presidential election. Hoping to mend ties with Wallace, Roosevelt offered him any position in the Cabinet other than secretary of state, and Wallace asked to replace Jones as secretary of commerce.[109] In that position, Wallace expected to play a key role in the economy's postwar transition.[110] In January 1945, with the end of Wallace's vice presidency, Roosevelt nominated Wallace for secretary of commerce.[111] The nomination prompted an intense debate, as many senators objected to his support for liberal policies designed to boost wages and employment.[112] Conservatives failed to block the nomination, but Senator Walter F. George led passage of a measure removing the Reconstruction Finance Corporation from the Commerce Department.[113] After Roosevelt signed George's bill, Wallace was confirmed by a vote of 56 to 32 on March 1, 1945.[114]
Roosevelt died on April 12, 1945, and was succeeded by Truman.
World War II ended in September 1945 with the Surrender of Japan, and relations with the USSR became a central matter of foreign policy. Various issues, including the fate of European and Asian postwar governments and the administration of the United Nations, had already begun to strain the wartime alliance between the Soviet Union and the United States.[121] Critics of the USSR objected to the oppressive satellite states it had established in Eastern Europe and Soviet involvement in the Greek Civil War and the Chinese Civil War. In February 1946, George F. Kennan laid out the doctrine of containment, which called for the United States to resist the spread of Communism.[122] Wallace feared that confrontational policies toward the Soviet Union would eventually lead to war, and urged Truman to "allay any reasonable Russian grounds for fear, suspicion, and distrust".[123] Historian Tony Judt wrote in Postwar that Wallace's "distaste for American involvement with Britain and Europe was widely shared across the political spectrum".[124]
Though Wallace was dissatisfied with Truman's increasingly confrontational policies toward the Soviet Union, he remained an integral part of Truman's Cabinet during the first half of 1946.[125] He broke with administration policies in September 1946 when he delivered a speech in which he stated that "we should recognize that we have no more business in the political affairs of Eastern Europe than Russia has in the political affairs of Latin America, Western Europe and the United States". Wallace's speech was booed by the pro-Soviet crowd he delivered it to and even more strongly criticized by Truman administration officials and leading Republicans like Robert A. Taft and Arthur Vandenberg.[126] Truman stated that Wallace's speech did not represent administration policy but merely Wallace's personal views, and on September 20 he demanded and received Wallace's resignation.[127]
1948 presidential election
Shortly after leaving office, Wallace became the editor of
Many in the PCA favored the establishment of a
Wallace embarked on a nationwide speaking tour to support his candidacy, encountering resistance in both the North and South.[143] He openly defied the Jim Crow regime in the South, refusing to speak before segregated audiences.[144] Time magazine, which opposed Wallace's candidacy, described him as "ostentatiously" riding through the towns and cities of the segregated South "with his Negro secretary beside him".[145] A barrage of eggs and tomatoes were hurled at Wallace and struck him and his campaign members during the tour. State authorities in Virginia sidestepped enforcing their own segregation laws by declaring Wallace's campaign gatherings private parties.[146] The Pittsburgh Press began publishing the names of known Wallace supporters. Scores of Wallace supporters in colleges and high schools lost their positions.[147] A supporter of Zionism, Wallace sought to deny Truman Jewish votes by promising to end the arms embargo on Israel, which was currently fighting the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.[148]
With strong financial support from Anita McCormick Blaine, Wallace exceeded fundraising goals, and appeared on the ballot of every state except for Oklahoma, Nebraska, and Illinois.[149] The campaign distributed 25 million copies of 140 fliers and pamphlets. Nevertheless, Gallup polls showed support for Wallace falling from 7% in December 1947 to 5% in June 1948. He was endorsed by only two newspapers: the Communist Daily Worker in New York and The Gazette and Daily in York, Pennsylvania. Some in the press began to speculate that Wallace would drop out of the race.[150]
Wallace's supporters held a national convention in
Though polls consistently showed him losing the race, Truman ran an effective campaign against Dewey and the conservative 80th United States Congress. He ultimately defeated Dewey in both the popular and electoral vote.[161] Wallace won just 2.38 percent of the nationwide popular vote and failed to carry any state. His best performance was in New York, where he won eight percent of the vote. Just one of the party's congressional candidates, incumbent Congressman Vito Marcantonio, won election.[162] Though Wallace and Thurmond probably took many voters from Truman, their presence in the race may have boosted the president's overall appeal by casting him as the candidate of the center-left.[163] In response to the election results, Wallace stated, "Unless this bi-partisan foreign policy of high prices and war is promptly reversed, I predict that the Progressive Party will rapidly grow into the dominant party. ... To save the peace of the world the Progressive Party is more needed than ever before".[162]
Historians Edward Schapsmeier and Frederick Schapsmeier argue:[164]
The Progressive party stood for one thing and Wallace another. Actually the party organization was controlled from the outset by those representing the radical left and not liberalism per se. This made it extremely easy for Communists and fellow travelers to infiltrate into important positions within the party machinery. Once this happened, party stands began to resemble a party line. Campaign literature, speech materials, and campaign slogans sounded strangely like echoes of what Moscow wanted to hear. As if wearing moral blinkers, Wallace increasingly became an imperceptive ideologue. Words were uttered by Wallace that did not sound like him, and his performance took on a strange Jekyll and Hyde quality—one moment he was a peace protagonist and the next a propaganda parrot for the Kremlin.
Later politics
Wallace initially remained active in politics following the 1948 campaign, and he delivered the keynote address at the 1950 Progressive National Convention. In early 1949, Wallace testified before Congress in the hope of preventing the ratification of the North Atlantic Treaty, which established the NATO alliance between the United States, Canada, and several European countries.[165] He became increasingly critical of the Soviet Union after 1948, and he resigned from the Progressive Party in August 1950 due to his support for the UN intervention in the Korean War.[166] After leaving the Progressive Party, Wallace endured what biographers John Culver and John Hyde describe as a "long, slow decline into obscurity marked by a certain acceptance of his outcast status".[167]
In the early 1950s, he spent much of his time rebutting attacks by prominent public figures such as General Leslie Groves, who claimed to have stopped providing Wallace with information regarding the Manhattan Project because he considered Wallace to be a security risk. In 1951, Wallace appeared before Congress to deny accusations that in 1944 he had encouraged a coalition between Chiang Kai-shek and the Chinese Communists.[168] In 1952, he published an article, "Where I Was Wrong", in which he repudiated his earlier foreign policy positions and declared the Soviet Union to be "utterly evil".[74][169] Wallace did not endorse a candidate in the 1952 presidential election, but in the 1956 presidential election he endorsed incumbent Republican president Dwight D. Eisenhower over Democratic nominee Adlai Stevenson. Wallace, who maintained a correspondence with Eisenhower, described Eisenhower as "utterly sincere" in his efforts for peace.[170] Wallace also began a correspondence with Vice President Richard Nixon, but he declined to endorse either Nixon or Democratic nominee John F. Kennedy in the 1960 presidential election. Though Wallace criticized Kennedy's farm policy during the 1960 campaign, Kennedy invited Wallace to his 1961 inauguration, the first presidential inauguration Wallace had attended since 1945. Wallace later wrote Kennedy, "at no time in our history have so many tens of millions of people been so completely enthusiastic about an inaugural address as about yours". In 1962, he delivered a speech commemorating the centennial anniversary of the establishment of the Department of Agriculture.[171] He also began a correspondence with President Lyndon B. Johnson regarding methods to alleviate rural poverty, though privately he criticized Johnson's escalation of American involvement in the Vietnam War.[172] In the 1964 election, Wallace returned to the Democratic fold, supporting Johnson over Republican nominee Barry Goldwater.[173] Due to declining health, he made his last public appearance that year; in one of his last speeches, he stated, "We lost Cuba in 1959 not only because of Castro but also because we failed to understand the needs of the farmer in the back country of Cuba from 1920 onward. ... The common man is on the march, but it is up to the uncommon men of education and insight to lead that march constructively".[174]
Business success
Wallace continued to co-own and take an interest in the company he had established,
Illness and death
Wallace was diagnosed with
Family
In 1913, Wallace met
Mysticism and Roerich controversy
Wallace was raised a
Among those who Wallace corresponded with were author George William Russell,[188] astrologer L. Edward Johndro, and Edward Roos, who took on the persona of a Native American medicine man.[189] In the early 1930s, Wallace began corresponding with Nicholas Roerich, a prominent Russian émigré, artist, peace activist, and Theosophist.[190] With Wallace's support, Roerich was appointed to lead a federal expedition to the Gobi Desert to collect drought-resistant grasses.[191] Roerich's expedition ended in a public fiasco, and Roerich fled to India after the Internal Revenue Service launched a tax investigation.[192]
The letters that Wallace wrote to Roerich from 1933 to 1934 were eventually acquired by Republican newspaper publisher
Henry Wallace reportedly dabbled in Zoroastrianism and Buddhism.[197][198][199][200]
Legacy
During his time in the Roosevelt administration, Wallace became a controversial figure, attracting a mix of praise and criticism for various actions.[201][75] He remains a controversial figure today.[202][203][204] Historian Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. pronounced Wallace to be both "an incorrigibly naive politician" and "the best secretary of agriculture the country has ever had".[205] Journalist Peter Beinart writes that Wallace's "naive faith in U.S.-Soviet cooperation" damaged his legacy. Historian Andrew Seal lauds Wallace for his focus on combating both economic and racial inequality.[203] Wallace's vision of the "Century of the Common Man", which denied American exceptionalism in foreign policy, continues to influence the foreign policy of individuals like Bernie Sanders.[206] In 2013, historian Thomas W. Devine wrote that "newly available Soviet sources do confirm Wallace's position that Moscow's behavior was not as relentlessly aggressive as many believed at the time". Yet Devine also writes that "enough new information has come to light to cast serious doubt both on Wallace's benign attitude toward Stalin's intentions and on his dark, conspiratorial view of the Truman administration".[207]
Alex Ross of The New Yorker writes, "with the exception of Al Gore, Wallace remains the most famous almost-president in American history".[74] Journalist Jeff Greenfield writes that the 1944 Democratic National Convention was one of the most important political events of the twentieth century, since the leading contenders for the nomination might have governed in vastly different ways.[98] In The Untold History of the United States, Oliver Stone argues that, had Wallace become president in 1945, "there might have been no atomic bombings, no nuclear arms race, and no Cold War".[208][209] By contrast, Ron Capshaw of the conservative National Review argues that a President Wallace would have practiced a policy of appeasement that would have allowed the spread of Communism into countries like Iran, Greece, and Italy.[210]
The Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center in Beltsville, Maryland, the largest agricultural research complex in the world, is named for him. Wallace founded the Wallace Genetic Foundation to support agricultural research. His son, Robert, founded the Wallace Global Fund to support sustainable development.[202] A speech Wallace delivered in 1942 inspired Aaron Copland to compose Fanfare for the Common Man.[74] The Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum's grounds in Hyde Park, New York, include the Henry A. Wallace Visitor and Education Center at its north end.
Books
- Agricultural Prices (1920)
- Corn and Corn-Growing with E. N. Bressman (1923)
- When to feed corn, when to sell it (1923)
- Correlation and machine calculation with George W. Snedecor (1925)
- New administration and farm relief (1933)
- America must choose (1934)
- Charted course toward stable prosperity (1934)
- New frontiers (1934)
- Research and adjustment march together (1934)
- Statesmanship and religion (1934)
- Working together in the corn-hog program (1934)
- Cooperation: the dominant economic idea of the future (1936)
- Whose Constitution? An inquiry into the general welfare (1936)
- Technology, corporations, and the general welfare (1937)
- Paths to plenty (1938)
- American choice (1940)
- Price of freedom (1940)
- Preço da liberdade (1942)
- Pan American friendship (1941)
- ¿Que hara Norteamérica? (1941)
- Después de la guerra debe comenzar el siglo del hombre del pueblo (1942)
- Price of free world victory (1942)
- Precio de la victoria (1942)
- Why did God make America? (1942)
- America's part in world reconstruction (1943)
- Century of the Common Man (1943)[211][212]
- Century of the common man (UK) (1944)
- Christian bases of world order (1943)
- Discursos pronunciados en Lima (1943)
- Ideales comunes (1943)
- New world theme: The price of free world victory (1943)
- Democracy first: What we fight for (1944)
- Our job in the Pacific (1944)
- Sixty million jobs (1945)
- Arbeit für sechzig Millionen Menschen (1946)
- Ocupación para sesenta millones (1946)
- Lavoro per tutti (1946)
- Hua-lai-shih ti hu shêng (1947)
- Era del popolo (1946)
- Fight for peace (1946)
- Soviet Asia mission Andrew J. Steiger (1946)
- Ma mission en Asie soviétique (1947)
- Sondermission in Sowjet-Asien und China (1947)
- Misiya v Savetska Aziya (1948)
- Toward world peace (1948)
- Naar wereldvrede (1948)
- Vers la paix (1948)
See also
- History of left-wing politics in the United States
- Honeydew (melon), apparently first introduced to China by H. A. Wallace and still known there as the "Wallace melon"[213][214]
- Bailan melon, one of the most famous Chinese melon cultivars, bred from the "Wallace melon"
Notes
- ^ The Farm Security Administration succeeded the Resettlement Administration, which had been an independent agency.
- ^ The Twenty-second Amendment, ratified in 1951, would later prevent presidents from running for a third term.
- ^ Norman Borlaug would later credit Wallace as a key initiator of the Green Revolution.[67]
- ^ The BEW was originally known as the Economic Defense Board[71]
- ^ Wallace later regretted his praise of the camp at Magadan, writing in 1952 that he "had not the slightest idea when I visited Magadan that this ... was also the center for administering the labor of both criminals and those suspected of political disloyalty".[94]
- ^ Hannegan later stated that he would like his tombstone to read, "here lies the man who stopped Henry Wallace from becoming President of the United States".[103]
- ^ After the resignation of Harold L. Ickes in February 1946, Wallace was the lone remaining holdover from Roosevelt's Cabinet.[116]
- 1924).[152]
- ^ Wallace did not dictate the party platform, and he personally opposed public ownership of banks, railroads, and utilities.[154]
References
- ^ "Henry Agard Wallace, 33rd Vice President (1941–1945)". Senate.gov. Senate Historical Office. May 5, 2017. Archived from the original on March 25, 2019. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- ^ Edward L. Schapsmeier, and Frederick H. Schapsmeier, Henry A. Wallace in Iowa: The Agrarian Years, 1910–1940 (1968) p.17.
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 23–24.
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 3–10.
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 9–10.
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 11–17.
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 21–22.
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 13–14.
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 26–29.
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 29–34.
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), p. 37.
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 37–39
- ^ Wallace, Henry Agard; Snedecor, George Waddel (1925). "Correlation and Machine Calculation". Iowa State College Bulletin. 35.
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), p. 42–44
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 53–55
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 92–93, 110
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 40–41
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 67–70
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 82–83
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 46–48
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 50–52
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 52–53
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 56–59
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 62–63
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 64–65, 71
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 84–85
- ^ Steil, Benn (January 9, 2024). The World That Wasn't. Avid Reader Press. p. 20.
- ^ Chiles, Robert (Spring 2016). "Courting the Farm Vote on the Northern Plains: Presidential Candidate Al Smith, Governor Walter Maddock, and the Ambivalent Politics of 1928". North Dakota History. 81 (1): 23.
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 86–87
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 99–100
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 102–104, 164.
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 105–107
- ^ Kennedy (1999), p. 457
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 113–114
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 115–119
- ^ Ronald L. Heinemann, Depression and New Deal in Virginia. (1983) p. 107
- ^ Anthony Badger, The New Deal: The Depression Years, 1933–1940 (2002) p. 89. 153-57
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 120–122
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 157–160
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 160–161
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 163–167
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 154–157
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 169–171
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 174–176
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 178–179
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), p. 237
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 185–186, 192
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 191–192
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 193–194
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 206–207
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 179–180
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 200–201
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 213–217
- ISBN 9780199981939. Retrieved 7 October 2015.
- ISBN 978-1-78873-740-1.
- ^ H.W. Brands, Traitor to his class: the privileged life and radical presidency of Franklin Delano Roosevelt (2008) pp 556-557.
- ISBN 9781250274694.
- ^ Leebaert. Unlikely Heroes. p. 233.
- ^ Culver & Hyde. American Dreamer. p. 222.
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 218–223
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 223–225
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 225–226
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 231–236
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 244–245
- ^ Culver & Hyde. American Dreamer. pp. 247–50.
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 246–251
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 250–251
- ISBN 978-1-40418-780-1.
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 251–254
- ^ Culver & Hyde. American Dreamer. p. 255.
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), p. 269
- ^ Arthur (2012), pp. 152-153, 155, 162-164, 196
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 256–258
- ^ a b c d Ross, Alex (October 14, 2013). "Uncommon Man". The New Yorker.
- ^ a b c Hatfield, Mark O. "Henry Agard Wallace (1941–45)" (PDF). Vice Presidents of the United States. U.S. Government Printing Office. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved January 11, 2019.
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 266–268
- ^ "Henry A. Wallace: The Century of the Common Man". American Rhetoric Online Speech Bank. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
- ^ Jean Edward Smith, FDR (2007) p. 570).
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 269–271
- ^ Donald G. Stevens, "Organizing for Economic Defense: Henry Wallace and the Board of Economic Warfare's Foreign Policy Initiatives, 1942." Presidential Studies Quarterly 26.4 (1996): 1126-1139.
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 271–273
- ^ James MacGregor Burns, Roosevelt: The soldier of freedom (1940–1945) (1970) p 348.
- ^ Letter in Jesse H. Jones, Fifty Billion Dollars: My 13 years with the RFC (1932-1945) (1951) pp 505-506.
- ^ Burns, Roosevelt: The soldier of freedom pp. 341-342.
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 308–315.
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 275–279
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 296–300
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 310–311
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 322–324
- ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved April 13, 2023.
- ^ "Henry A. Wallace: The Century of the Common Man". American Rhetoric Online Speech Bank. Retrieved October 11, 2022.
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 330–331
- ISBN 978-1-59420-168-4.
- ^ a b Culver & Hyde (2000), p. 339
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 333–335
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 317–318
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 324–325
- ^ a b c Greenfield, Jeff (July 10, 2016). "The Year the Veepstakes Really Mattered". Politico. Retrieved January 12, 2019.
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 340–342
- ^ Helling, Dave (July 18, 2016). "1944 Democratic Convention: Choosing not just a VP candidate but a president-in-waiting". The Kansas City Star. Retrieved January 12, 2019.
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 345–352
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 352–353
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), p. 365
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 357–359
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 359–361
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 362–364
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 364–366
- ^ Oath of office of the vice president of the United States
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 367–373
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 379–380
- ^ Donovan (1977), p. 113
- ^ Malsberger (2000), p. 131.
- ^ Malsberger (2000), pp. 131–132.
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), p. 384
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 385–387
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), p. 411
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 388–390
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 408–409
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 395–396
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 404–406, 427
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 396–398
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 411–412
- ^ Patterson (1996), p. 124
- ^ Judt, Tony (2005). Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945. The Penguin Press. p. 110.
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 409–417
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 420–422
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 422–426
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 431–432
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 433–435
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 436–438
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 451–453, 457
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 446–450
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 452–454
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 456–457
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 481, 484–485, 488
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 460–461
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 462–463
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), p. 452, 464–466
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 465–466
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 464, 473–474
- ^ Karabell (2007), p. 68
- ^ Patterson (1996), p. 157
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 467–469
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 493–494
- ^ "National Affairs – Eggs in the Dust". Time. September 13, 1948. Archived from the original on February 16, 2007. Retrieved January 17, 2009.
- ^ "Am I in America?". Time. September 6, 1948. Archived from the original on February 1, 2009. Retrieved January 17, 2009.
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 468–469
- ^ Scher, Bill (2023-11-16). "When Middle East Politics (Almost) Tipped an American Presidential Election". Washington Monthly. Retrieved 2024-03-14.
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 498–499
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 478, 497.
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 480, 486
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), p. 486
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 480–481
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), p. 481
- ^ Henry A. Wallace. What Is Progressive Capitalism?, Monthly Review, Vol. 1, No. 12: April 1950
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), p. 487
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 482–484
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 491–493
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 478–480
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), p. 500
- ^ Patterson (1996), pp. 159–162
- ^ a b Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 500–502
- ^ Patterson (1996), p. 162
- ^ Schapsmeier and Schapsmeier, Schapsmeier and Schapsmeier. Henry A. Wallace of Iowa: The Agrarian Years, 1910-1940" (1970) p 181. online review
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 503–506
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 505, 507–509
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 510–511
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 512–517
- ^ Wallace, Henry A. (September 7, 1952). "Where I Was Wrong". This Week. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 521–522
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 522–524
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), p. 529
- ^ "Henry A. Wallace is Dead at 77". The New York Times. TimesMachine. November 19, 1965.
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), p. 527
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 517–510
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 527–529
- ^ a b Southwick (1998), p. 620.
- ^ "Wallace, Henry Agard, (1888 – 1965)". Biographical Dictionary of the United States Congress 1774 – Present. Washington, D.C.: United States Congress. Retrieved June 1, 2018.
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 39–40
- ^ a b Culver & Hyde (2000), p. 49
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 187–188, 256
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 402–403
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 187–188, 496–497
- ^ Otterbein, Holly; McDaniel, Justine; McCrystal, Laura (November 7, 2018). "Republican Brian Fitzpatrick wins Pa.'s First Congressional District, defies Dem tide". Philly.com.
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 31–32
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 77–79
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), p. 96
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), p. 39
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 96–97
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 130–32
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 135–37.
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 143–44
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 231–33.
- ^ "The religion of Henry A. Wallace, U.S. Vice-President". Adherents. Archived from the original on February 15, 2006.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ Westbrook Pegler (July 27, 1948). "In Which Our Hero Beards 'Guru' Wallace In His Own Den". As Pegler Sees It (column). The Evening Independent (St. Peteresburg, FL).
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 483–84
- ISBN 978-1-78074-347-9.
- JSTOR 44308919.
- ^ Cutler, Jacqueline (November 9, 2012). "Oliver Stone delves into America's 'Untold History'". Daily Herald. Retrieved December 29, 2019.
- PMID 23982926.
- ^ Culver & Hyde (2000), pp. 312
- ^ a b Gross, Daniel (January 8, 2004). "Seed Money". Slate. Retrieved January 12, 2019.
- ^ a b Seal, Andrew (June 8, 2018). "What a former vice president can teach Democrats about racial and economic inequality". Washington Post. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
- ^ Hornaday, Ann (November 11, 2012). "'Oliver Stone's Untold History of the United States': Facts through a new lens". Washington Post. Retrieved January 12, 2019.
- ^ Schlesinger, Arthur Jr. (March 12, 2000). "Who Was Henry A. Wallace ?". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 12, 2019.
- ^ Beinart, Peter (October 15, 2018). "Bernie Sanders Offers a Foreign Policy for the Common Man". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on Jan 15, 2019. Retrieved January 12, 2019.
- ^ Devine (2013), p. xiv
- ^ Wiener, John (November 14, 2012). "Oliver Stone's 'Untold History'". The Nation. Retrieved January 12, 2019.
- ^ Goldman, Andrew (November 22, 2012). "Oliver Stone Rewrites History — Again". The New York Times. Retrieved January 11, 2019.
- ^ Capshaw, Ron (April 4, 2015). "Henry Wallace: Unsung Hero of the Left". National Review. Retrieved January 12, 2019.
- ^ Wallace, Henry A. (1943). Century of the Common Man: Two Speeches by Henry A. Wallace. Hugo Gellert (illustrator). International Workers Order. Retrieved January 26, 2020.
- ^ Wallace, Henry A. (1943). Century of the Common Man: Two Speeches by Henry A. Wallace. Hugo Gellert (illustrator). International Workers Order. Retrieved January 26, 2020.
- ISBN 0-8223-1643-9.
- ^ A Guide to the Barbarian Vegetables of China Archived March 14, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Lucky Peach, June 30, 2015
Sources
- Culver, John C.; Hyde, John (2000). American Dreamer: A Life of Henry A. Wallace. W. W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-04645-1.
- Devine, Thomas W. (2013). Henry Wallace's 1948 Presidential Campaign and the Future of Postwar Liberalism. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1469602035.; online review
- Donovan, Robert J. (1977). Conflict and Crisis: the Presidency of Harry S. Truman, 1945–1948. University of Missouri Press. ISBN 978-0393056365.
- Karabell, Zachary (2007). The Last Campaign: How Harry Truman Won the 1948 Election. Knopf Doubleday. ISBN 9780307428868.
- Kennedy, David M. (1999). Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195038347.
- Malsberger, John William (2000). From Obstruction to Moderation: The Transformation of Senate Conservatism, 1938–1952. Susquehanna University Press. ISBN 978-1575910260.
- Nichols, John (2020). The Fight for the Soul of the Democratic Party: The Enduring Legacy of Henry Wallace's Anti-Fascist, Anti-Racist Politics. Verso Books. ISBN 978-1788737401.
- Patterson, James T. (1996). Grand Expectations: The United States, 1945–1974. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199743957.
- Schapsmeier, Edward L.; Schapsmeier, Frederick H. (1968). Henry A. Wallace in Iowa: The Agrarian Years, 1910–1940. Iowa University Press. ISBN 978-0813817415.
- Schapsmeier, Edward L.; Schapsmeier, Frederick H. (1970). Prophet in Politics: Henry A. Wallace and the War Years, 1940–1965. Iowa University Press. ISBN 9780813812953.
Further reading
Secondary sources
- Busch, Andrew E. "Last Gasp: Henry A. Wallace and the End of the Popular Front." (2014) 42#4: 712–717. online
- Busch, Andrew (2012). Truman's Triumphs: The 1948 Election and the Making of Postwar America. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0700618675.
- Conant, Jennet (2008). The Irregulars: Roald Dahl and the British Spy Ring in Wartime Washington. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0743294584.
- Dunn, Susan (2013). 1940: FDR, Willkie, Lindbergh, Hitler-the Election amid the Storm. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300190861.
- ISBN 978-0826209481.
- Hamby, Alonzo L. "Sixty Million Jobs and the People's Revolution: The Liberals, the New Deal, and World War II." Historian 30.4 (1968): 578–598.online
- Herman, Arthur (2012). Freedom's Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II. Random House. ISBN 978-1400069644.
- Janeway, Eliot. The Struggle for Survival: A Chronicle of Economic Mobilization in World War II (Yale University Press. 1951). online
- Jordan, David M. (2011). FDR, Dewey, and the Election of 1944. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0253356833.
- Leebaert, Derek. Unlikely Heroes: Franklin Roosevelt, His Four Lieutenants, and the World They Made (2023); on Perkins, Ickes, Wallace and Hopkins.
- Lord, Russell (1947). OCLC 475422.
- Markowitz, Norman D. (1973). The Rise and Fall of the People's Century: Henry A. Wallace and American Liberalism, 1941–1948. Free Press. ISBN 978-0029200902.
- Maze, John; White, Graham (1995). Henry A. Wallace: His Search for a New World Order. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0807821893.
- McCoy, Donald R. (1984). The Presidency of Harry S. Truman. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0700602520.
- Pietrusza, David (2011). 1948: Harry Truman's Improbable Victory and the Year that Changed America. Union Square Press. ISBN 978-1402767487.
- Polenberg, Richard. "The Great Conservation Contest" Forest History Newsletter (1967) 10 (4): 13–23. online Fight between Harold L. Ickes and Henry A. Wallace in 1930s for control of the Forest Service.
- Shimamoto, Mayako (2016). Henry A. Wallace's Criticism of America's Atomic Monopoly, 1945-1948. ISBN 978-1443899512.
- Schapsmeier, Edward L., and Frederick H. Schapsmeier. "Henry A. Wallace: Agrarian Idealist or Agricultural Realist?" Agricultural History 41.2 (1967): 127-138 online.
- Schapsmeier, Edward L. and Frederick H. Schapsmeier. "Henry A Wallace: New Deal Philosopher." Historian 32.2 (1970): 177–190. online
- Schmidt, Karl M. (1960). Henry A. Wallace, Quixotic Crusade 1948. Syracuse University Press. ISBN 0815600208.
- Timmons, Bascom N. Jesse H. Jones, the man and the statesman (1951) online ch 29 on feud with Wallace.
- Walker, J. Samuel (1976). Henry A. Wallace and American Foreign Policy. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0837187747. online
- Walton, Richard J. Henry Wallace, Harry Truman, and the Cold War (1976) online
- Witcover, Jules (2014). The American Vice Presidency: From Irrelevance to Power. Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 978-1588344724.
Bibliography: Works by Wallace
Books
- Agricultural Prices (1920)
- When to Feed Corn, When to Sell It (1923)
- New Administration and Farm Relief (1933)
- Charted Course Toward Stable Prosperity (1934)
- New Frontiers (1934)
- America Must Choose (1934)
- Statesmanship and Religion (1934)
- Whose Constitution? An Inquiry Into the General Welfare (1936)
- Corn and Growing Corn (1937), with Earl N. Bressman.
- The Century of the Common Man (1943) Illustrations by Hugo Gellert. Foreword by Carl Sandburg.
- Whitney Museum of American Art.[1]
- Democracy Reborn (1944)
- Sixty Million Jobs (1945)
- Soviet Asia Mission (1946)
- Toward World Peace (1948)
- Where I Was Wrong (1952)
- The Price of Vision: The Diary of Henry A. Wallace 1942–1946 (1973), edited by John Morton Blum.
Articles and essays
- "Correlation and Machine Calculation." with George W. Snedecor. Iowa State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. Official Publication, Vol. 23, No. 35, January 28, 1925.
- "American Agriculture and World Markets." JSTOR 20030579.
- "The World Cotton Drama." JSTOR 20020214.
Pamphlets
- Cooperation: The Dominant Economic Idea of the Future. New York: Cooperative League (1936). OCLC 25488777. 16 p.
Book contributions
- U.S. Department of Agriculture(April 1934).
- Introduction to Brant, Irving. Storm Over the Constitution: Democracy Turns to Federalism, by Irving Brant. Bobbs-Merrill(1936).
- Foreword to America's "Thought Police": Record of the Un-American Activities Commission. Civil Rights Congress (October 1947).
Published addresses
- Agricultural Price Outlook (1923).
- An address to the 28th annual meeting of the Illinois Farmers' Institute in Belleville, Illinois, on February 21, 1923. Published by the Illinois Farmers' Institute.
- "Remarks by Hon. H.A. Wallace, Secretary of Agriculture, delivered in the Department of Agriculture period of the National Farm and Home Hour, broadcast by 50 associate N.B.C. radio stations, Thursday, May 10, 1934."
- "Adapted in the Division of Information from an address by Henry A. Wallace, Secretary of Agriculture, before the annual meeting of the National Cooperative Milk Producers' Federation at Baltimore, Md., November 2, 1931."
- Speech delivered on June 24, 1937. Published by the University of North Carolina Press.
- "Adapted from an address by Henry A. Wallace, Secretary of Agriculture, before a meeting of farmers, A.A.A. committeemen, and others, at Fort Worth, Texas, September 30, 1938."
- An American Income for Wheat (1938)
- The Century of the Common Man (1942)
- "A speech delivered May 8, 1942 articulating the goals of the war for the allies."[2]
- "An address delivered May 8, 1942 to the members and guests of the Free World Association at a dinner at the Hotel Commodore in New York. Published in collaboration with the Free World Movement."
- A speech delivered November 8, 1942, at the Congress of American-Soviet Friendship Mass Meeting in New York. He further expanded on the subject since his delivery of a similar speech earlier that year.[2]
- America Tomorrow (1943)
- An address delivered July 25, 1943, at the Mass Meeting of Labor and Civic Organizations in Detroit, Michigan.
External links
- United States Congress. "Henry A. Wallace (id: W000077)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- The Wallace Global Fund
- Works by Henry A. Wallace at The Online Books Page
- Selected works by Henry A. Wallace at The New Deal Network
- As delivered transcript and complete audio of Wallace's 1942 "The Century of the Common Man" Address
- Henry A. Wallace Collection (digitized) at University of Iowa Library
- Searchable index of Wallace papers at the Library of Congress, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, and the University of Iowa
- "Henry A. Wallace – Agricultural Pioneer, Visionary and Leader", Iowa Pathways, education site of Iowa Public Television
- "The Life of Henry A. Wallace: 1888–1965", on website of The Wallace Center for Agricultural and Environmental Policy at Winrock International
- A film clip "Longines Chronoscope with Henry A. Wallace (December 28, 1951)" is available for viewing at the Internet Archive
- A film clip "Longines Chronoscope with Henry Agard Wallace (October 17, 1952)" is available for viewing at the Internet Archive
- "Is There Any 'Wallace' Left in the Democratic Party?" Archived September 12, 2014, at the The Real News(TRNN). Scott Wallace, grandson of Henry A. Wallace, interviewed by Paul Jay (video).
- FBI file on Henry Wallace
- The Country Life Center location of The Wallace Centers of Iowa: birthplace farm of Henry A. Wallace. Museum and gardens.
- Whitney Museum of American Art, accessed May 8, 2021. Archived from the original.
- ^ a b Wallace, Henry A. The Century of the Common Man. New York: International Workers Order, 1943. Full text available at Florida International University.