Henry Allingham

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Henry Allingham
First World War
Awards
Victory Medal

Gold Medal of Saint-Omer
Spouse(s)
Dorothy Cator
​
​
(m. 1918; died 1970)​
Children2
Other workFord Motor Company

Henry William Allingham (6 June 1896 – 18 July 2009) was an English

verified oldest man
of all time.

Allingham was the oldest-ever surviving member of any of the

surviving veterans of the First World War. He was the last survivor of the Battle of Jutland, the last-surviving member of the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS), and the last-surviving founding member of the Royal Air Force (RAF).[2][3] In 2001, he became the face of the First World War veterans' association and made frequent public appearances to ensure that awareness of the sacrifices of the First World War was not lost to modern generations.[4][5] He received many honours and awards for his First World War service and, towards the end of his life, his longevity.[6][7][8]

Early life

Allingham as an infant in 1896

Allingham was born on 6 June 1896 in

1911 Census living at 21 Heyford Avenue, Lambeth, while his stepfather was lodging away from home working as a wheelwright.[14] Henry attended a London County Council school[6] before attending the Regent Street Polytechnic.[9] Allingham remembered seeing the City Imperial Volunteers return from the Second Boer War,[15] and also recalled watching W. G. Grace play cricket.[16] On leaving school, Allingham started work as a trainee surgical instrument maker at St Bartholomew's Hospital. He did not find this job very interesting, and so left to work for a coachbuilder specialising in car bodies.[6]

First World War

Allingham in RNAS uniform at age 20 in 1916

Allingham wanted to join the war effort in August 1914 as a despatch rider, but his critically ill mother managed to persuade him to stay at home and look after her. However, after his mother died in 1915, aged 42,[17] Allingham enlisted with the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS). He became formally rated as an Air Mechanic Second Class on 21 September 1915, and was posted to Chingford before completing his training at Sheerness, Kent. His RNAS serial number was RNAS F8317.[6]

After graduation, Allingham was posted to the RNAS Air Station at

King George V
inspected the air station and its aircraft. Allingham later reported disappointment at narrowly missing an opportunity to speak to the king.

Allingham also worked in Bacton, Norfolk, further up the coast, where night-flying was conducted[6] and was later involved in supporting anti-submarine patrols. A typical patrol would last two or three days and would involve hoisting a seaplane in and out of the water by means of a deck-mounted derrick.[6]

During the preparations for the

Grand Fleet and then the High Seas Fleet), Allingham still rightfully claimed to be the last known survivor of that battle and could recall "seeing shells ricocheting across the sea."[20]

In September 1917, Allingham, by then an

Air Mechanic First Class, was posted to the Western Front to join No. 12 Squadron RNAS. This unit acted as a training squadron for other RNAS squadrons based on the Western Front. There is also some evidence that the squadron was involved in combat operations. When Allingham arrived at Petite-Synthe, both the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) and the RNAS were involved in the Ypres offensive. On 3 November 1917, he was posted to the aircraft depot at Dunkirk, France, where he remained for the rest of the war, on aircraft repair and recovery duties. He recalls being bombed from the air and shelled from both the land and the sea.[6]

Sopwith Schneider

He transferred to the Royal Air Force when the RNAS and the RFC were merged on 1 April 1918. The creation of the Royal Air Force did not initially have a big impact on Allingham and he later remarked that at that time he still considered himself a navy man.[21] In the RAF he was ranked as a Rigger Aero, Aircraft Mechanic Second Class and was given a new service number: 208317. Allingham returned to the Home Establishment in February 1919 and was formally discharged to the RAF Reserve on 16 April 1919.[6] During the last few years of his life Allingham was recognized as the last surviving founding member of the RAF. Speaking with Dennis Goodwin of the First World War Veterans' Association, Allingham said, "It is a shock as well as a privilege to think that I am the only man alive from that original reorganisation when the RAF was formed."[21]

Inter-war years

Career

In addition to his military service as a mechanic, Allingham spent the vast majority of his professional life as an engineer. His employers included Thorns Car Body Makers, Vickers General Motors and H.J.M. Car Body Builders.[22] He started his longest stretch of employment in 1934 designing new car bodies for the Ford Motor Company at their Dagenham plant[23] which had opened only a few years previously in 1931.[24]

Family life

Allingham met Dorothy Cator in

lymphatic leukaemia.[25][26] They had two daughters, Betty (born 1921) and Jean (1923–2001).[6] Jean immigrated to the United States after she married an American WWII veteran soldier and died aged 78 in 2001.[27]

At the time of his death Allingham believed that Betty had died. He had lost touch with her in the 1970s following a family rift after the death of his wife in 1971; however she was still alive aged 88 when her father died, and living in Stroud, Gloucestershire. In addition to Betty, at the time of his death Allingham had: 7 grandchildren, 16 great-grandchildren, 14 great-great-grandchildren and 1 great-great-great-grandchild.[28][29]

Second World War

During the

Second World War, Allingham was in a reserved occupation and worked on a number of projects. Perhaps his most significant contribution was the design of an effective counter-measure to the German magnetic mines. During his Christmas lunch in 1939 he was called away to help design a system that would neutralise the mines and open the port of Harwich, Essex. Nine days later, he had successfully completed the task.[6]

Later life

The Cenotaph in London at which Allingham attended ceremonies on 4 August 2004 and 11 November 2008, marking the 90th anniversary of the start and end of World War I respectively

After the Second World War Allingham continued to work for Ford until he retired in 1961.

Royal British Legion Poppy Appeal with model Nell McAndrew aboard the cruiser HMS Belfast. He was quoted as saying "[The veterans] have given all they have got for the country ... I owe them ... we all owe them."[4]

A ceremony at

First World War. Allingham attended, together with three other First World War veterans, William Stone, Fred Lloyd and John Oborne.[30] Allingham also marched past the Cenotaph on Remembrance Sunday in 2005 and laid wreaths at memorials in Saint-Omer on Armistice Day. That was the last time a First World War veteran marched past the Cenotaph and it marked the end of an era.[31] No First World War veterans were present at the Cenotaph for the 2006 Remembrance Sunday Parade.[32]

As the last surviving member of the RNAS, and the last living founding member of the RAF, Allingham was an honoured guest when the British Air Services Memorial was unveiled at Saint-Omer on 11 September 2004. During the ceremony, Allingham was given the Gold Medal of Saint-Omer, which marked the award of the Freedom of the Town.[33] The group of RAF technical trainees that joined him at this ceremony continued to visit Allingham at his retirement home in Eastbourne.

In November 2005, Allingham accepted an invitation from the International Holographic Portrait Archive to have his holographic portrait taken. His image was recorded for posterity in December 2005. At the same time, an exhibition was being planned for London's floating naval museum on board HMS Belfast, entitled the Ghosts of Jutland. A copy of this portrait was donated to the museum and the Duchess of Gloucester unveiled the portrait to mark the opening of the exhibition.[20]

Allingham was awarded the freedom of his home town of Eastbourne by the mayor on 21 April 2006.[34] He lived in his own home until May 2006 when, one month before his 110th birthday and with failing eyesight, he moved to Blind Veterans UK (formally known as St Dunstan's), a charity for blind ex-service personnel, at Ovingdean, near Brighton. Aside from his poor eyesight, he was reportedly in good health.

Allingham attended the 1 July 2006 commemorations at the

Thiepval Memorial to the Missing. He did not attend the 2006 Remembrance Day parade on 11 November at the Cenotaph as he was in France at a wreath-laying ceremony and to receive the Freedom of The Town of Saint-Omer. He did, however, launch the Eastbourne Poppy Appeal before leaving for this trip.[35]

On 18 April 2007 Allingham visited

Wilnecote High School in Tamworth, Staffordshire to answer students' questions about the First World War, after they wrote to the few surviving veterans asking them about their experiences. In October 2007 he was honoured at the Pride of Britain Awards.[7] Between his 110th and 111th birthdays Allingham made over 60 public appearances, including a visit to The Oval on 5 June 2007, the day before his 111th birthday, where he was wheeled around the boundary in front of the spectators.[5]

On his 111th birthday in June 2007, a Royal Marines band played to Allingham on board HMS Victory before he returned with friends and relatives to the Queen's Hotel on the Portsmouth seafront for afternoon tea. Asked how it felt, Allingham replied, "I'm pleased to be seeing another tomorrow. It's just the same as it was as at any age, it's no different. I'm happy to be alive and I'm looking forward to the celebrations. I never imagined I'd get to 111."[36]

On 1 April 2008, the 90th anniversary of the establishment of the Royal Air Force, Allingham was a guest of honour at the celebratory events at RAF Odiham in Hampshire. By then, Allingham was the only surviving founder member of the RAF.[37]

Allingham celebrated his 112th birthday with members of his family at

college. During the day the Battle of Britain Memorial Flight performed a flypast which was followed by an aerobatic display from two Tutor aircraft.[38] In June 2008, as part of the National Veterans' Day celebrations, Allingham was given a guided tour of the Eurofighter Typhoon aircraft at BAE Systems in Warton, Lancashire.[39]

On 23 September 2008, Allingham launched a book about his life, co-written by Denis Goodwin, with an event at the

RAF Club in London.[40]
On 11 November 2008, marking the 90th anniversary of the end of the First World War, together with Harry Patch and Bill Stone, Allingham laid a commemorative wreath for the Act of Remembrance at The Cenotaph in London.[41] Allingham was invested as a Scout on 18 November 2008, 100 years after he first joined as a youth. This would prove to be the last such event attended by surviving veterans of the conflict, as all three men died within the next year.

He said he was only able to spend six weeks with his local group as a boy.

First Sea Lord Sir Jonathon Band and saw a Mark 8 Royal Navy Lynx
flying overhead while he was sitting outside in his wheelchair.

in 2009 the artist Dan Llywelyn Hall sat with Allingham at St Dunstan’s for a portrait. The painting entitled ‘The Last Volunteer’ which was exhibited in London in the year of Allingham’s passing. [43]

When asked the secret of his long life, Allingham said, "I don't know, but I would say, be as good as you possibly can."[29]

Oldest living man

Allingham credited "cigarettes, whisky and wild, wild women – and a good sense of humour" for his longevity.[28]

Allingham was the oldest living man in England for several years. Official recognition by Guinness World Records came in January 2007.[44] On 8 February 2007, when 110-year-old Antonio Pierro died, Allingham became the oldest known living veteran of the First World War, and the third-oldest living man in the world.

Allingham overtook George Frederick Ives as the longest-lived member of the British Armed Forces on 2 November 2007. He was therefore the longest-lived British First World War veteran to date.[45]

Following the death of

living veteran of the First World War, but not the longest lived member of any armed force in any conflict; this record is held by Emiliano Mercado del Toro of Puerto Rico, who also served during the First World War.[48]

He was also the first ever British man to reach the verified age of 113.

On 18 July 2009, Allingham died of natural causes aged 113 years and 42 days.[49]

As the number of First World War veterans dwindled, calls grew to give the last remaining veteran a

Tom Watson on 14 July 2006 explaining the reasoning for a national memorial service rather than a state funeral, as the intention is to commemorate the entire generation that fought in the war rather than single out an individual.[53]

In Harry Patch's book The Last Fighting Tommy, the author claims that Allingham planned to leave his body to medical science.[54] In his own book, Kitchener's Last Volunteer, Allingham confirmed that he was intending to leave his body to medical science.[55] However he was persuaded by Denis Goodwin to change his mind, as he became a symbol of World War I to remind people of the sacrifices made during the conflict. To that end, he agreed to a funeral and cremation.[53]

Awards

One of the generation who sacrificed so much for us all.

– 

Queen Elizabeth II[56]

War medals and awards

The Officier Légion d'honneur. Awarded to Allingham in 2009.

Allingham was awarded four medals, two of which were medals from the First World War. The Gold Medal of Saint-Omer was awarded to Allingham on 11 September 2004 when he was given the Freedom of the Town of Saint-Omer.

Ministry of Defence after discovering at a recent cenotaph parade that Allingham's original campaign medals were destroyed during the Blitz of the Second World War.[58]

Honorary awards

As well as the above-mentioned decorations, Allingham won several awards and honorary memberships. Examples include the Pride of Britain award,[7] and a position as an honorary member of the Fleet Air Arm Association.[8]

Although not formally qualified he was recognised by the

Institute of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE) who presented him with a Chartered Engineer award on 19 December 2008.[59]

Allingham had the following to say about the award:

Since entering the engineering profession I always hoped to become a chartered engineer, but when I was younger we just couldn't afford it. It's something I never thought would happen for me, so to receive this honorary certificate from IMechE is a lifetime's goal finally realised. I am very grateful to the Institution for presenting me with the award.[59]

This was followed on 22 May 2009 with the award of an honorary doctorate in engineering at the

First Sea Lord Alan West, for his contribution to Britain and its allies during two world wars and his continuing charity work, especially connected with veteran servicemen and women.[61]

Death and funeral

Henry Allingham's funeral cortège leaving St Dunstan's en route to St Nicholas' Church

Allingham died of natural causes[62] in his sleep at 3:10 am on 18 July 2009 at his care home, Blind Veterans UK centre in Ovingdean near Brighton, aged 113 years and 42 days. After his death, Walter Breuning succeeded him as the world's oldest man.[49][63][64]

Allingham's funeral took place at

First World War aircraft; British and French buglers played the Last Post and Reveille;[70] and a bell was tolled 113 times, once for each year of his life.[68]

The BBC commissioned

Today on the day of Allingham's funeral.[71] A tree was planted, and a commemorative plaque unveiled, at the Eastbourne Redoubt on 22 May 2010 to mark Allingham's residence in the town.[72]

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ "Hero Henry Allingham "honoured" to be given freedom of Brighton and Hove". The Argus (Brighton). 30 April 2009. Retrieved 19 July 2009.
  2. ^ "Britain's oldest war veterans meet Service chiefs at the Ministry of Defence". Ministry of Defence. 11 July 2007. Archived from the original on 26 September 2007.
  3. ^ "Brew for the Few Launch". Royal Air Forces Association. 17 September 2007. Archived from the original on 4 December 2008.
  4. ^ a b "War veteran launches Poppy Day scratchcard". The Daily Telegraph. London. 16 October 2003. Archived from the original on 15 October 2007. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
  5. ^ a b "Britain's oldest man – 111 today". 6 June 2007. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "British Air Services Memorial St Omer". Royal Air Force. 20 August 2004. Archived from the original on 6 August 2009. Retrieved 19 July 2009.
  7. ^ a b c "Pride of Britain is awarded to Henry Allingham". St Dunstan's. Archived from the original on 1 December 2007.
  8. ^ a b "World War I veterans receives new honour". BBC. 6 October 2005. Archived from the original on 8 October 2007. Retrieved 5 January 2010.
  9. ^ a b "Henry Allingham: Last surviving Navy veteran of the Great War who lived to become the world's oldest man". The Independent. London. 20 July 2009. Retrieved 6 August 2010.
  10. ^ See General Register Office indices for the quarter ending September 1899, "Index entry for death of Allingham, Henry Thomas—Hackney Volume 1b Page 316". FreeBMD. FreeBMD/Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 14 March 2010.
  11. ^ Piece details RG 13/1623—General Register Office: 1901 Census Returns—Registration Sub-District: Walthamstow—Civil Parish, Township or Place: Walthamstow (part), The Catalogue, The National Archives. Images of census pages available by subscription from various sources as RG13 Piece 1623 Folio 104 Page 8
  12. ^ See General Register Office indices for quarter ending December 1905, "Index entry for marriage of Higgs, Hubert George—West Ham Volume 4a Page 433". FreeBMD. FreeBMD/Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 14 March 2010."Index entry for marriage of Allingham, Amy Jane—West Ham Volume 4a Page 433". FreeBMD. FreeBMD/Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 14 March 2010.
  13. ^ "Maybe It's Because He Was A Londoner: Henry Allingham". londonist.com. 19 July 2009. Retrieved 20 July 2009.
  14. ^ Piece details RG 14/2004, General Register Office: 1911 Census Schedules, Registration Sub-District: Kennington—Civil Parish, Township or Place: Lambeth (part)—RD 25 RS 2 ED 30, The Catalogue, The National Archives. Images of census pages available by subscription on Findmypast.com as reference RG14 Piece 2004 Reference RG78PN70 RD25 SD2 ED30 SN431
  15. ^ Moreton, Cole (4 November 2007). "Remembrance: The old man and the boy, united by grief". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 7 December 2007. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
  16. ^ "110 not out Henry Allingham supports Surrey". 27 May 2007. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007.
  17. ^ Amy J. Higgs. General Register Office, Bethnal Green: Q/E June 1915, Volume 1c, p. 226.
  18. ^ "RAF's oldest hero". RAF. Archived from the original on 4 December 2008. Retrieved 11 November 2008.
  19. ^ Bruce, J. M. (15 November 1957). "The Sopwith Tabloid, Schneider and Baby, Part II". Flight: 766. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2020., citing Gamble, C. F. Snowden (1928). The Story of a North Sea Air Station. London: Oxford University Press, Henry Milford. p. 126. Gamble went on to be Publicity Manager for Imperial Airways."1933 Who's Who in British Aviation: Name G". Grace's Guide. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  20. ^ a b "A portrait of Henry Allingham". portraits.co.uk. December 2005. Archived from the original on 15 October 2007. Retrieved 19 July 2009.
  21. ^ a b Allingham and Goodwin, p. 113
  22. ^ Allingham and Goodwin, pp. 133–137
  23. ^ Allingham and Goodwin, p. 137
  24. ^ a b "Hackney People –  Henry Allingham". London Borough of Hackney. 24 March 2009. Archived from the original on 1 May 2009. Retrieved 4 June 2009.
  25. ^ "The long life of Henry Allingham". The Daily Telegraph. London. 18 July 2009. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 19 July 2009.
  26. ^ "Air Mechanic Henry Allingham". The Daily Telegraph. London. 19 July 2009. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 21 July 2009.
  27. ^ Taylor, Jerome (20 June 2009). "Cigarettes, whisky, and wild, wild women". The Independent. London. Retrieved 19 July 2009.
  28. ^ a b "Great War veteran honoured". The Argus (Brighton). 22 April 2006. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 19 July 2009.
  29. ^ a b "UK's oldest man Allingham is 113". BBC News. 6 June 2009. Retrieved 20 June 2009.
  30. ^ "Veterans mark UK entry into WWI". BBC News. 4 August 2004. Retrieved 20 August 2009.
  31. ^ "Smell of death 'stays with you always'". BBC News. 13 November 2005. Retrieved 20 August 2009.
  32. ^ "Prince William's duty and sorrow". Princess Diana News. Archived from the original on 24 April 2010. Retrieved 20 August 2009.
  33. ^ Allingham and Goodwin, p. 165
  34. ^ "World War I veteran honoured by home town". BBC News. 21 April 2006. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 5 January 2010.
  35. ^ "Henry Allingham Helps Launch Poppies in Eastbourne". Eastbourne Borough Council. 2 November 2006. Archived from the original on 26 September 2007.
  36. ^ "Aged 111, Britain's oldest birthday boy just 'pleased to see another tomorrow'". Evening Standard. 6 June 2007. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  37. ^ "Founder member Henry Allingham on the RAF at 90". Daily Mirror. Retrieved 2 December 2009.
  38. ^ "Britain's oldest man reaches 112". BBC News. 6 June 2008. Retrieved 8 June 2008.
  39. ^ "Oldest veteran visits Eurofighter". BBC News. 28 June 2008. Retrieved 1 July 2008.
  40. ^ "Oldest man writes his life story". BBC News. 23 September 2008. Retrieved 25 September 2008.
  41. ^ Kennedy, Maev (12 November 2008). "Last survivors of first world war salute the fallen". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 12 November 2008.
  42. ^ "WWI veteran now 'oldest scout'". BBC News. 18 November 2008. Retrieved 19 November 2008.
  43. ^ Kennedy, Maev (24 July 2009). "Portrait of first world war veteran Henry Allingham to go on display". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  44. ^ "Florence Emily Baldwin takes the title as the new Oldest Woman in the UK" (PDF) (Press release). Guinness World Records. 15 February 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 December 2007.
  45. ^ "Henry Allingham". Living Tribute. Archived from the original on 20 April 2013. Retrieved 20 August 2009.
  46. ^ "Veteran is UK's oldest ever man". BBC News. 29 March 2009. Retrieved 29 March 2009.
  47. ^ "VERIFIED SUPERCENTENARIAN CASES – UNITED KINGDOM (As of 16 Apr. 2007)". grg.org. Archived from the original on 22 May 2019. Retrieved 30 July 2009.
  48. ^ "Validated Living Supercentenarians". 29 November 2007. Archived from the original on 26 November 2007. Retrieved 19 July 2009. (As of 19 July 2009, archive appears empty and current link obviously omits Allingham).
  49. ^ a b "Oldest WWI veteran dies aged 113". BBC News. 18 July 2009. Retrieved 18 July 2009.
  50. ^ David Smith (12 November 2005). "Calls grow to grant last Great War veteran a state funeral". The Observer. London. Archived from the original on 16 October 2007. Retrieved 19 July 2009.
  51. ^ "Nation to commemorate passing of First World War generation". Ministry of Defence. 27 June 2006. Archived from the original on 15 August 2007.
  52. ^ "Last surviving officer of the Great War dies at 107". The Northern Echo. 14 April 2007. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 19 July 2009.
  53. ^ a b Allingham and Goodwin, p. 172
  54. ISBN 978-0-7475-9115-3
    .
  55. ^ Allingham and Goodwin, p. 171
  56. ^ "Royal tributes for oldest veteran". BBC News. 18 July 2009. Retrieved 20 December 2009.
  57. ^ Malvern, Jack (17 March 2009). "France honours Henry Allingham, 112, the veteran who cannot forget". The Times. London. Retrieved 16 March 2009.
  58. ^ "Navy medals office replaces Allingham's campaign medals". Navy News. 29 March 2005. Archived from the original on 28 August 2005.
  59. ^ a b Swain, Mike (19 December 2008). "First World War veteran honoured with mechanics' award". Daily Mirror. Archived from the original on 5 February 2009. Retrieved 4 June 2009.
  60. ^ "UK's oldest man awarded doctorate". BBC News. 22 May 2009. Retrieved 28 May 2009.
  61. ^ "Hooray for Henry the Engineer". Rye and Battle Observer. 29 May 2009. Archived from the original on 27 July 2009. Retrieved 4 June 2009.
  62. ^ "Henry Allingham 1896–2009". Western Front Association. 21 July 2009. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 26 October 2009.
  63. ^ Sawer, Patrick (18 July 2009). "World's oldest man Henry Allingham dies". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 18 July 2009.
  64. ^ "St Dunstan's". St Dunstan's. Archived from the original on 22 July 2009. Retrieved 20 July 2009.
  65. ^ "Funeral date set for oldest man". BBC News. 21 July 2009. Retrieved 21 July 2009.
  66. ^ "Henry Allingham funeral details revealed". The Argus. 24 July 2009. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
  67. ^ "Performance Details—Non Association—Brighton, Sussex—St Nicolas of Myra Thursday, 30 July 2009". Campanophile. 30 July 2009. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2009.
  68. ^ a b "Hundreds at WWI veteran's funeral". BBC News. 30 July 2009. Retrieved 30 July 2009.
  69. ^ Valentine Low (30 July 2009). "Estranged daughter joins veteran Henry's send-off". The Independent. London. Retrieved 30 July 2009.
  70. ^ "WWI veteran Henry Allingham laid to rest in Brighton". UK Ministry of Defence. 30 July 2009. Archived from the original on 4 August 2009. Retrieved 17 August 2009.
  71. ^ "Poems for the last of WWI". BBC. 6 August 2009. Retrieved 6 August 2009.
  72. ^ "A Tree To Remember Henry Allingham". Eastbourne Borough Council. 22 May 2010. Archived from the original on 28 July 2012. Retrieved 23 May 2010.

Autobiography

  • Allingham, Henry; Goodwin, Denis (2008). Kitchener's Last Volunteer.
    ISBN 978-1-84596-416-0
    .

External links
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