Henry Cotton (civil servant)

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This article is about the member of the Indian Civil Service. For his first cousin once removed, see Henry Cotton (judge).
Member of Parliament, Author
Political partyLiberal Party
Spouse(s)Mary, Lady Cotton (née Ryan)
Henry Cotton dispensing justice in Bengal

Sir Henry John Stedman Cotton,

Member of Parliament (MP) for Nottingham East from 1906 to January 1910
.

Early life

Cotton was born in 1845 in the city of

Madras region of India, to Indian-born parents of English descent, Joseph John Cotton (1813-1867) and Susan Jessie Minchin (1823-1888). Through his paternal great-grandfather Joseph Cotton (1745–1825), Henry John Stedman Cotton was a first cousin once removed of both the judge Henry Cotton (his godfather, who he was named after[2]) and of the African explorer William Cotton Oswell.[3][4]
The British man of letters
James S. Cotton
was his brother.

In 1848, he left India to be educated in England. He entered Magdalen College School in 1856, Brighton College in 1859, and King's College London in 1861. After his graduation from college, he took and passed the Indian Civil Service Examination.

Career

Cotton joined the

Evan was born in that city in 1868.[2]

He later served in Chuadanga, where he witnessed the great flood of 1871. In 1872 he was posted to Calcutta, and in 1873 he was appointed Assistant Secretary to the Bengal Government by

Sir George Campbell, and later worked under Sir Richard Temple. In 1878 he became magistrate and collector at Chittagong
; in 1880 he became Senior Secretary to the Board of Revenue in Bengal. He later became Revenue Secretary to Government, Financial and Municipal Secretary, and then a member of the Bengal Legislative Council.

Cotton eventually rose to be

Cotton College, Guwahati, the oldest institute of higher education in Assam and all of Northeast India was established in 1901 by Cotton. As he retired, he was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India (KCSI) in the 1902 Coronation Honours list published on 26 June 1902,[6][7] and invested as such by King Edward VII at Buckingham Palace on 24 October 1902.[8]

Cotton supported

Indian Home Rule and got into serious trouble when he advocated the cause in his 1885 book New India, or India in Transition (revised edition 1907). In 1904, he served as President of the Indian National Congress, one of the few non-Indians to do so.[9] As such, he led the opposition to Lord Curzon's invasion of Tibet and partition of Bengal
.

On his return to England, Cotton was elected

Member of Parliament (MP) for Nottingham East in 1906
. There he formed a radical pro-Indian parliamentary group, and criticised his own government's actions in India. Already in poor health, he was narrowly defeated in his attempt for re-election in 1910.

Personal life

Mary, Lady Cotton (née Ryan), photographed by Julia Margaret Cameron.

In 1867 in

Evan (1868-1939), Julian James Cotton (1869-1927), Mary Cotton (b. 1873), and Albert Louis Cotton (1874-1936).[10]

Cotton met and married Ryan having seen a picture of her taken by pioneering photographer

Putney Heath.[11]
The couple were photographed together by Cameron, in costume as Romeo and Juliet, on their wedding day.

Two of his sons, Evan and Julian, also made careers in the civil service in India. Cotton's grandson, Sir John Cotton (1909–2002), was Ambassador to the Congo Republic and Burundi and the last of six generations of Cottons to serve in colonial administration in India.[12]

He was an active writer and activist on behalf of Indian rights until the end of his life, despite ill health and financial difficulties. In 1911 he published his memoirs, Indian and Home Memories. Sir Henry Cotton died at his home in St John's Wood, London, in October 1915.

References

  1. ^ "Historical list of MPs: constituencies beginning with "N", part 3". Leigh Rayment's House of Commons pages. Archived from the original on 7 April 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  2. ^ a b Sir Henry Cotton (1911). Indian & Home Memories. London: T. Fisher Unwin. Retrieved 20 February 2011.
  3. ^ "Relationship Calculator: Henry John Stedman Cotton relationship to Henry Cotton". Halhed genealogy & family trees. Archived from the original on 7 October 2011. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
  4. ^ "Relationship Calculator: Henry John Stedman Cotton relationship to William Cotton Oswell". Halhed genealogy & family trees. Archived from the original on 7 October 2011. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
  5. ^ "The Viceroy's visit to Assam". The Times. No. 36089. London. 14 March 1900. p. 5.
  6. ^ "The Coronation Honours". The Times. No. 36804. London. 26 June 1902. p. 5.
  7. ^ "No. 27448". The London Gazette (Supplement). 26 June 1902. p. 4197.
  8. ^ "Court Circular". The Times. No. 36908. London. 25 October 1902. p. 8.
  9. ^ "Indian National Congress Session and its President". AICC, New Delhi. Archived from the original on 8 April 2009. Retrieved 24 February 2010.
  10. ^ "Henry John Stedman Cotton 1845 - 1915". Halhed genealogy & family trees. Archived from the original on 7 October 2011. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
  11. ^ Higgins, Charlotte (22 September 2015). "Julia Margaret Cameron: soft-focus photographer with an iron will". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
  12. ^ "Obituary: Sir John Cotton". The Telegraph. Retrieved 25 July 2016.

External links

Government offices
Preceded by
Chief Commissioner of Assam

1896–1902 		Succeeded by
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by
Member of Parliament for Nottingham East
1906 – January 1910
 Succeeded by
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