Henry Timrod
Henry Timrod | |
---|---|
Born | |
Died | October 7, 1867 | (aged 38)
Resting place | Trinity Episcopal Church |
Nationality | American |
Education | University of Georgia |
Occupation | Poet |
Spouse | Kate Goodwin |
Children | 1 |
Signature | |
Henry Timrod (December 8, 1828 – October 7, 1867) was an American poet, often called the "Poet of the Confederacy".[1]
Biography
Early life
Timrod was born on December 8, 1828, in Charleston, South Carolina, to a family of German descent. His grandfather Heinrich Dimroth emigrated to the United States in 1765 and anglicized his name.[2] His father, William Henry Timrod, was an officer in the Seminole Wars and a poet himself. The elder Timrod died from tuberculosis on July 28, 1838, in Charleston,[3] at the age of 44, leaving behind his wife of 25 years, Thyrza Prince Timrod, and their four children, the eldest of which was Adaline Rebecca, 14 years;[3] Henry was nine.[4] A few years later, their home burned down, leaving the family impoverished.[2]
He attended a classical school where he befriended
Career
In 1856, he accepted a posting as a teacher at the
Civil War period
With the outbreak of American Civil War, in a state of fervent patriotism, Timrod returned to Charleston to begin publishing his war poems, which drew many young men to enlist in the service of the Confederacy. His first poem of this period is "Ethnogenesis", written in February, 1861, during the meeting of the first Confederate Congress at Montgomery, Alabama. Part of the poem was read aloud at this meeting:
Hath not the morning dawned with added light?
And shall not evening call another star
Out of the infinite regions of the night
To mark this day in Heaven? At last we are
A nation among nations. And the world
Shall soon behold in many a distant port
Another flag unfurled!
"A Cry to Arms", "Carolina" and "The Cotton Boll" are other famous examples of his war poetry. He was a frequent contributor to Russell's Magazine and to The Southern Literary Messenger.[citation needed]
During this period, Timrod’s poetry received inspiration from Sophie Augusta Sosnowski, who taught German and music at the Barhamville Institute and was the daughter of Sophie Wentz Sosnowski. Even after Sosnowski married a Confederate officer in 1863 and Timrod married Kate, the two couples maintained a cordial relationship.[5]
On March 1, 1862, Timrod enlisted into the military as a private in Company B, 20th South Carolina Regiment, and was detailed for special duty as a clerk at regimental headquarters,[3] but his tuberculosis prevented much service, and he was sent home. After the bloody Battle of Shiloh, he tried again to live the camp life as a western war correspondent for the Charleston Mercury, but this too was short lived as he was not strong enough for the rugged task.
He returned from the front and settled in Columbia, South Carolina, to become associate editor of the South Carolinian, a daily newspaper. Throughout 1864 he wrote many articles for the paper.[3] In February 1864 he married his beloved Katie, and they soon had a son, Willie, born on Christmas Eve.
This happy period in his life was short-lived. General Sherman's troops invaded Columbia on February 17, 1865, one year and one day after his marriage. Timrod and his colleague Julian Selby printed the last issues of the South Carolinian as shells were falling nearby.[6] Due to the vigor of his editorials, he was forced into hiding, his home was burned,[3] and the newspaper office was destroyed.
Death
The aftermath of war brought his family poverty and, to him and his wife, increasing illness. He moved his family into his sister and mother's home in Columbia.[3] Then, his son Willie died on October 23, 1865. He expressed his sorrow in the poem "Our Willie":
'Twas a merry Christmas when he came,
Our little boy beneath the sod;
And brighter burned the Christmas flame,
And merrier sped the game
Because within the house there lay
A shape as tiny as a fay--
The Christmas gift of God!
He took a post as correspondent for a new newspaper based in Charleston, The Carolinian, but continued to reside in Columbia.
Sleep sweetly in your humble graves,
Sleep, martyrs of a fallen cause;
Though yet no marble column craves
The pilgrim here to pause.
In seeds of laurel in the earth
The blossom of your flame is blown,
And somewhere, waiting for its birth,
The shaft is in the stone!
Meanwhile, behalf the tardy years
Which keep in trust your storied tombs,
Behold! Your sisters bring their tears,
And these memorial blooms.
He finally succumbed to
Criticism and legacy
Timrod's friend and fellow poet, Paul Hamilton Hayne, posthumously edited and published The Poems of Henry Timrod, with more of Timrod's more famous poems in 1873, including his "Ode: Sung on the Occasion of Decorating the Graves of the Confederate Dead at Magnolia Cemetery, Charleston, S.C., 1867" and "The Cotton Boll".
Later critics of Timrod's writings, including
Today, Timrod's poetry is included in most of the historical anthologies of American poetry, and he is regarded as a significant—though secondary—figure in 19th-century American literature.[2] From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, allegedly, comes the appellation of Timrod as "the poet laureate of the South"--though that claim comes from a review published years after Tennyson's death.[7]
In 1901, a monument with a bronze bust of Timrod was dedicated in Charleston. The state's General Assembly passed a resolution in 1911 instituting the verses of his poem "Carolina" as the lyrics of the official state anthem.
In September 2006, an article for The New York Times noted similarities between Bob Dylan's lyrics on the album Modern Times and the poetry of Timrod. A wider debate developed in The Times as to the nature of "borrowing" within the folk tradition and in literature.[8][9][10]
See also
- Ode: Sung on the Occasion of Decorating the Graves of the Confederate Dead at Magnolia Cemetery, Charleston, S.C., 1867
- Cisco, Walter Brian, Henry Timrod: A Biography, Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2004, ISBN 0-8386-4041-9.
Notes
- ^ ISBN 9780809317219.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-55753-566-5
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Clare, Virginia Pettigrew. Harp of the South. Oglethorpe University Press, 1936: 26.
- ^ ISBN 0-8386-4041-9
- JSTOR 40577067. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ASIN B07DTJDLBM.
- S2CID 153923275.
- ^ Rich, Motoko (2006-09-14). ""Who's This Guy Dylan Who's Borrowing Lines From Henry Timrod?"". The New York Times. Retrieved 2006-09-19.
- ^ Vega, Suzanne (2006-09-17). ""The Ballad of Henry Timrod". The New York Times. Retrieved 2006-09-20.
- ^ ""The Answer, My Friend, Is Borrowin' ... (3 Letters)". The New York Times. 2006-09-20. Retrieved 2006-09-20.
External links
- The Poems of Henry Timrod from Project Gutenberg
- Works by or about Henry Timrod at Internet Archive
- Works by Henry Timrod at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)