Henry Way Kendall

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For other people named Henry Kendall, see Henry Kendall (disambiguation).
Henry Way Kendall
MIT
Stanford University
Doctoral advisorMartin Deutsch

Henry Way Kendall (December 9, 1926 – February 15, 1999)[1] was an American particle physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1990 jointly with Jerome Isaac Friedman and Richard E. Taylor "for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics."[2]

Biography

Kendall was born in Boston to Evelyn Way and Henry P. Kendall, an industrialist. Kendall grew up in Sharon, Massachusetts and attended Deerfield Academy.[3] He enrolled in the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy in 1945, and served on a troop transport on the North Atlantic in the winter of 1945 – 1946.

In 1946, he enrolled at Amherst College where he majored in mathematics, graduating in 1950. While at Amherst, he operated a diving and marine salvage company during two summers. He co-authored two books, one on shallow water diving and the other on underwater photography.

He did graduate research at the

Wolfgang K. H. Panofsky
at Stanford.

Kendall joined the faculty of the

MIT Physics Department in 1961, where he remained until his death in 1999. He was named Julius A. Stratton Professor of Physics in 1991.[4]

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Kendall worked in collaboration with researchers at the

deuterons and heavier nuclei. At lower energies, it had already been found that the electrons would only be scattered through low angles, consistent with the idea that the nucleons had no internal structure. However, the SLAC-MIT experiments showed that higher energy electrons could be scattered through much higher angles, with the loss of some energy. These deep inelastic scattering results provided the first experimental evidence that the protons and neutrons were made up of point-like particles, later identified to be the up and down quarks that had previously been proposed on theoretical grounds.[5] The experiments also provided the first evidence for the existence of gluons
.

Kendall was not only a very accomplished physicist, but also a very skilled mountaineer and photographer. He did extensive rock climbing in

Himalaya and Antarctica, photographing his experiences with large format cameras. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1982.[6] On April 7, 2012, the American Alpine Club inducted Kendall into its Hall of Mountaineering Excellence at an award ceremony in Golden, Colorado.[7]

Service activities

Kendall was one of the founding members of the

global warming
.

He was also a member of the

JASON Defense Advisory Group.[9]

Death

Kendall died while diving the cave at the Edward Ball Wakulla Springs State Park, Florida as a part of the Wakulla 2 Project.[3][10] He bypassed two pre-dive checklists for his Cis-Lunar MK-5P Mixed Gas rebreather and entered the spring basin without his dive buddy from the National Geographic Society.[10][11] Kendall missed turning on the oxygen supply to his rebreather and lost consciousness and drowned.[10][11] The autopsy revealed a physiological issue that led to his disregarding the protocols.[10]

Awards and honors

References

  1. ^ Henry Way Kendall on Nobelprize.org Edit this at Wikidata
  2. ^ "Nobel prize citation". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2011-01-08.
  3. ^ a b c Sales, Robert J (1999-02-16). "MIT Nobelist Henry Kendall dies at 72 while scuba diving in Florida lake". MIT News Office. Retrieved 2011-01-08.
  4. ^ "Collection: Henry W. Kendall papers | MIT ArchivesSpace". archivesspace.mit.edu. Retrieved 2020-08-25.
  5. ^ Dye, Lee; Maugh II, Thomas H (1990-10-18). "Four U.S.-Based Scientists Share Nobel Prizes". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2011-01-08.
  6. ^ "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter K" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  7. ^ Osius, Alison (April 11, 2012). "Beautiful minds: Blum, Reichardt, Kendall, Molenaar in Mountaineering Hall of Fame". Rock and Ice. Archived from the original on April 12, 2012. Retrieved April 11, 2012.
  8. ^ Oliver, Myrna (1999-02-17). "Henry Kendall; Nobel Prize-Winning Nuclear Scientist". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2011-01-08.
  9. ^ Berkeley Scientists; Engineers for Social; Political Action (1972). "The Story of Jason – The Elite Group Of Academic Scientists Who, As Technical Consultants To The Pentagon, Have Developed The Latest Weapon Against Peoples' Liberation Struggles: "Automated Warfare"". Archived from the original on 2011-06-07. Retrieved 2011-01-08.
  10. ^ a b c d Kakuk, Brian J (1999). "The Wakulla 2 Project: Cutting Edge Diving Technology for Science and Exploration". In: Hamilton RW, Pence DF, Kesling DE, Eds. Assessment and Feasibility of Technical Diving Operations for Scientific Exploration. American Academy of Underwater Sciences.
  11. ^ a b "Safety Lapse Suspected in Scientist's Diving Death". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. 1999-02-18. Retrieved 2011-01-08.
  12. American Academy of Achievement
    .

External links

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