Hepeviridae
Hepeviridae | |
---|---|
TEM micrograph of hepatitis E virions | |
Virus classification | |
(unranked): | Virus |
Realm: | Riboviria |
Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
Phylum: | Kitrinoviricota |
Class: | Alsuviricetes |
Order: | Hepelivirales |
Family: | Hepeviridae |
Genera | |
Hepeviridae is a family of
Taxonomy
The following genera are assigned to the family:[1]
A third genus has been proposed — Insecthepevirus.[3] This proposed genus contains one species — Sogatella furcifera hepe-like virus.
A species — Crustacea hepe-like virus 1, has been isolated from a prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii).[4]
Structure
Viruses in the family Hepeviridae are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and spherical geometries, and T=1 symmetry. The diameter is around 32-34 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 7.2kb in length. The genome has three open reading frames.[1][2]
Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic arrangement | Genomic segmentation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Orthohepevirus | icosahedral, spherical | T=1 | Non-enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Piscihepevirus | icosahedral, spherical | T=1 | Non-enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Evolution
This has been studied by examining the ORF1 and the capsid proteins.[5] The ORF1 protein appears to be related to members of the Alphatetraviridae - a member of the "Alpha-like" super-group of viruses - while the capsid protein is related to that of the chicken astrovirus capsid - a member of the "Picorna-like" supergroup. This suggests that a recombination event at some point in the past between at least two distinct viruses gave rise to the ancestor of this family. This recombination event occurred at the junction of the structural and non structural proteins.[citation needed]
Life cycle
Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the virus to host receptors, which mediates
Genus | Host details | Tissue tropism | Entry details | Release details | Replication site | Assembly site | Transmission |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Orthohepevirus | Human, pig, wild boar, monkey, some rodents, chicken | Attachment | Intestine, hepatocytes | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | zoonosis, fomite | |
Piscihepevirus | cutthroat trout ( Oncorhynchus clarkii ) |
Attachment | Intestine, hepatocytes | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | orofaecal |