Hero of the Russian Federation
Honorary title Hero of the Russian Federation | |
---|---|
Hero of the Luhansk People's Republic |
Hero of the Russian Federation (
The title is awarded to persons for "service to the Russian state and nation, usually connected with a heroic feat of valour".[2] The title is bestowed by decree of the president of the Russian Federation.[3] Russian citizenship or being in the service of the Russian state is not obligatory.
The title was established in 1992 and, as of 2015[update], was awarded more than 970 times, of which more than 440 were posthumously.[4]
History
The title "Hero of Russia" is a successor to Hero of the Soviet Union (Russian: Герой Советского Союза), which was established by Resolution of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union of 5 May 1934.[5] The corresponding Gold Star is derived from the Soviet design, created by architect Miron Merzhanov and approved by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of 1 August 1939,[6] and the ribbon was updated from the Soviet flag colors to the colors of the Russian flag.
Following the
Statute
The title of Hero of the Russian Federation can be awarded for a heroic deed in the service of the state. It can be awarded to both civilian and military personnel. The title can also be awarded posthumously if the heroic act costs the recipient his or her life. The President of the Russian Federation is the main conferring authority of the award.[1][8]
Description
The insignia of the title of "Hero of the Russian Federation" is also called the "Gold Star" medal (Russian: медаль "Золотая Звезда"), its design is similar to the Soviet variant.
The "Gold Star" medal is a gold five-pointed star with smooth 15mm dihedral rays on the obverse. The otherwise plain reverse bears the prominent relief inscription in 2mm high letters "HERO OF RUSSIA" (Russian: "ГЕРОЙ РОССИИ") at its centre, in the upper portion, the award serial number in 1mm high numbers.[9]
The insignia is secured to a standard Russian square mount by a ring through the suspension loop. The mount is covered by a silk
The insignia of Hero of the Russian Federation is worn on the left side of the chest above all other medals and decorations. It is always worn in full size; there is no ribbon bar or rosette that can be worn in lieu of the medal. When worn together with Soviet-era hero titles (
Recipients
The majority of the early recipients of the title fell into two categories: participants in the
All Russian cosmonauts are awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation following their voyage into space; some may already have earned it, for example for long service as a test pilot. Cosmonauts are also awarded the title Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation. Some recipients of the title, such as Sergei Krikalev, had also received the Soviet hero title, along with the Order of Lenin.[13] Most of the cosmonaut double heroes were awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union and Hero of Russia titles "for successful realization of flight and the courage and heroism shown."[14]
Outside those two groups, athletes and other civilian and military officials have also received the title. Notable examples include:
- explosion in 2000. Due to his heroism during the explosion and his attempts at preserving the lives of the crew, Lyachin was posthumously awarded the title, and the members of his crew were awarded the Order of Courage.[15]
- Athlete Nagano, Japan.[16]
- ocean bottom at the North Pole. Awarded the title "for courage and heroism showed in extreme conditions and successful completion of high-latitude Arctic deep-water expedition."[21]
- Weapons designer Mikhail T. Kalashnikov, designer of the AK-47 assault rifle and PK machine gun. He received the honour on his 90th birthday, 10 November 2009.[22]
On 16 August 2009, the
The medal has been awarded posthumously approximately 340 times, primarily to people involved in the first and second wars in Chechnya. In 2010 a posthumous award was made by President Dmitry Medvedev to Evgeny Chernyshov, the chief of the Moscow fire department on 24 March 2010. Chernyshov died on 20 March 2010 saving others' lives.
On 28 March 2012, during a training exercise at a Far Eastern military base near the town of
In February 2014, Colonel Alexander Popov who was commander of a detachment of Russian Spetsnaz took part in the 2014 Crimean crisis. On 4 April 2014 in a ("closed") decree of the President of the Russian Federation, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation for "courage and heroism displayed in the performance of military duty."[24]
On 24 November 2015, a
On 17 March 2016, Senior Lieutenant
On 10 July 2016, Police Lieutenant Magomed Nurbagandov from Dagestan was captured by Islamic militants. With the whole incident videotaped by the militants, they demanded that Nurbagandov and his colleagues resign from the police force, but he defied them and said to the camera "Keep on working, brothers!" before being shot dead. On 22 September 2016, President Putin praised the officer as a model for others and awarded the Hero of Russia posthumously to Nurbagandov which was handed to his parents.[27]
On 10 May 2017, Russian President Vladimir Putin personally awarded medals to four officers of the Special Operations Forces for showing extraordinary courage combating terrorists in Syria. They were part of a 16-man special forces detachment unit which managed to successfully repulse attacks conducted by over 300 jihadists without any losses. The commander of the unit, Lieutenant Colonel Danilo was awarded the honorary title of Hero of the Russian Federation.[28]
On 3 February 2018, Major
On 15 August 2019, Ural Airlines Flight 178 crash landed in a cornfield shortly after takeoff. With the successful emergency landing, the airline praised the professionalism of the pilots.[30] The pilot in command Damir Yusupov and the first officer Georgy Murzin were awarded the honorary title of Hero of the Russian Federation; the rest of the crew were decorated with the Order of Courage.[31]
In December 2020, according to the
In May 2021, by a "closed" decree of the President of the Russian Federation, Police Lieutenant Colonel Zamid Chalaev of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Chechnya was awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation for courage and heroism shown in the line of duty.[33]
See also
- Honorary titles of Russia
- Awards and decorations of the Russian Federation
- Awards and Emblems of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation
- Awards of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
- Awards of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation
- Awards of the Federal Protective Service of the Russian Federation
- Awards of the Ministry for Emergency Situations of Russia
- Ministerial Awards of the Russian Federation
References
- ^ a b c "Law of the Russian Federation of March 20, 1992 No 2553-1" (in Russian). Commission under the President of the Russian Federation on state awards. December 15, 1999. Archived from the original on February 20, 2012. Retrieved February 20, 2012.
- ^ "Courage Lessons Dedicated to Heroes of Russia Held at the Military Training Centre - South Ural State University". susu.ru. Retrieved June 3, 2022.
- ^ "Государственные награды России". Award.gov.ru. Retrieved May 20, 2015.
- ^ "Учреждено звание Героя Российс". Prlib.ru. Retrieved May 20, 2015.
- ^ "Resolution of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union of May 5, 1934" (in Russian). Wikisource. September 4, 2010. Retrieved February 20, 2012.
- ^ "Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of August 1, 1939" (in Russian). Wikisource. September 28, 2011. Retrieved February 20, 2012.
- ^ Государственные награды России: Из Конституции Российской Федерации (in Russian). Archived from the original on November 2, 2011. Retrieved September 30, 2005.
- ^ a b "Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 7, 2010 No 1099". Russian Gazette (in Russian). September 7, 2010. Retrieved February 20, 2012.
- ^ a b "Statute and description of the Gold Star medal of Hero of the Russian Federation" (in Russian). Commission under the President of the Russian Federation on state awards. September 7, 2010. Retrieved February 20, 2012.
- ^ "Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 16, 2011 No 1631". Russian Gazette (in Russian). December 16, 2011. Archived from the original on March 31, 2013. Retrieved February 20, 2012.
- ^ "Звание Героя Российской Федерации. Справка | РИА Новости". RIA Novosti. March 20, 2012. Retrieved May 20, 2015.
- ^ "Kadyrov Named Hero of Russia". Archived from the original on February 11, 2005. Retrieved October 1, 2005.
- ^ "Cosmonaut Bio: Sergei K. Krikalev (10/2005)". Retrieved October 5, 2005.
- ^ Герой Советского Союза, Герой России Поляков Валерий Владимирович (in Russian). Retrieved October 5, 2005.
- ^ Felgenhauer, Pavel. "Drowning Reality of Kursk". Moscow Times (in Russian). Archived from the original on October 8, 2005. Retrieved October 5, 2005.
- ^ "The Voice of Russia ( Olympic Games 2002 )". Archived from the original on August 31, 2005. Retrieved October 6, 2005.
- ^ "Summer Olympics 2000 Champion turned politician seeks fourth gold". ESPN. September 27, 2000. Retrieved March 14, 2009.
- ^ "Summer Olympics 2000 Karelin loses first-ever international match". ESPN. September 27, 2000. Retrieved February 9, 2011.
- ^ Lawlor, Frank (August 2, 1992). "Siberian Heavyweight Gives Other Wrestlers The Chills His Monster Image Also Interests Hollywood". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on February 8, 2014.
- ^ "He Was Called 'The Experiment': Nobody believed that a human being could be so strong!". Telegraf.rs. Serbia: Internet Group d.o.o. March 20, 2015.
- ^ Президент России Указ "О награждении государственными наградами Российской Федерации" (in Russian). Archived from the original on January 18, 2008. Retrieved January 10, 2008.
- ^ Tkachenko, Maxim (November 11, 2009). "Kalashnikov gun designer turns 90". CNN World. Retrieved August 12, 2010.
On Tuesday the legendary weapons designer turned 90. It was a day celebrated in Russia on a scale akin to a national holiday.
- ^ Pilot dies as Russia jets collide, BBC News Online
- ^ "Попов Александр Викторович 20.11.1974 - 02.07.2018 Герой Российской Федерации". warheroes.ru. July 17, 2019.
- ^ "Звезду Героя России передали супруге Олега Пешкова, погибшего при выполнении боевой задачи в Сирии". 1tv.ru. August 2, 2018.
- ^ Alexander Prokhorenko posthumously awarded title of Hero of Russia - Kremlin news
- ^ "Putin Posthumously Gives Hero of Russia Award To Daghestani Policeman". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. September 22, 2016. Retrieved July 22, 2021.
- ^ https://rg.ru/2017/05/24/putin-lichno-nagradil-specnazovcev-za-podvig-v-sirii.html |date= 22 May 2020
- ^ Major Roman Filipov awarded the title of Hero of Russian Federation – Kremlin news
- ^ @Ural_Air_Lines (August 15, 2019). "На рейсе U6178 Жуковский-Симферополь при вылете из Жуковского произошло многочисленное попадание птиц в двигатели самолета. Самолет совершил вынужденную посадку. Пассажиры и экипаж не пострадали" (Tweet) (in Russian) – via Twitter.
- ^ "Путин присвоил звания Героев России летчикам самолета, совершившего посадку под Жуковским" [Putin awarded the title of Hero of Russia to the pilots landed the aircraft near Zhukovsky] (in Russian). TASS. August 16, 2019. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
- ^ "The commander-submarine of the Northern Fleet became the Hero of Russia". function.mil.ru. January 17, 2021.
- ^ "Чалаев Замид Алиевич". warheroes.ru. Retrieved August 25, 2021.
External links
- The Commission on State Awards to the President of the Russian Federation
- The Russian Gazette
- Medals of the World
- Netdialogue.com
- Faculty.winthrop.edu
- WarHeroes.ru, list of Heroes of the RF and SU who earned it by military service (in Russian)
- Hero of Russia (in Russian)