Hesperotestudo

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Hesperotestudo
Temporal range: Early Miocene–Late Pleistocene
Shell of Hesperotestudo orthopygia
Skull of Hesperotestudo osborniana
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Testudines
Suborder: Cryptodira
Superfamily: Testudinoidea
Family: Testudinidae
Genus: †Hesperotestudo
Williams, 1950
Type species
Hesperotestudo osborniana
(Hay, 1904)
Species

See text

Hesperotestudo ("Western turtle") is an

arrival of the first humans in North America. There is apparently a site in Florida where one individual may have been killed that some suggested were evidence of butchering, although others suggested that the turtle was neither cooked nor does a ledge that was found near it date at the same time as it.[3][5][6]

Taxonomy

Species list is based on Vlachos, 2018[2]

  • † Hesperotestudo Williams 1950[7]
    • †Hesperotestudo bermudae Meylan and Sterrer 2000
      before present (YBP) - shell length c. 50 centimetres (1.6 ft)[3][9]
    • †Hesperotestudo crassiscutata (Leidy 1889)[10] Florida, Texas, Illinois, South Carolina, (possibly also El Salvador[1]) Middle-Late Pleistocene shell length c. 120–125 centimetres (3.94–4.10 ft)[3]
    • †Hesperotestudo ducateli (Collins and Lynn, 1936) Calvert Formation, Maryland, Middle Miocene (Langhian–Serravallian)
    • †Hesperotestudo gilbertii (Hay, 1899) Ogallala Formation, Kansas, Hemphillian, Late Miocene-Early Pliocene (Tortonian–Zanclean)
    • †Hesperotestudo orthopygia (Cope, 1878) (syn= Xerobates cyclopygius Cope, 1878 =Caryoderma snovianum Cope, 1886 = Testudo rexroadensis Oelrich, 1952 = Geochelone nordensis Holman, 1973) Kansas, California, Nebraska, Late Miocene-Pliocene shell length c. 120 centimetres (3.9 ft)[11]
    • †Hesperotestudo osborniana (Hay, 1905)(syn= Testudo arenivaga Hay, 1906 = Testudo farri Hay, 1908 = Testudo impensa Hay, 1908 = Testudo orthopygia angusticeps Matthew, 1924) Colorado, Nebraska, Montana, Early Miocene-Early Pliocene shell length up to 92 centimetres (3.02 ft)
    • †Hesperotestudo turgida (Cope, 1892) (syn = Testudo incisa Hay, 1916a = Testudo riggsi Hibbard, 1944 = Testudo wilsoni Milstead, 1956 = Geochelone johnstoni Auffenberg 1962 = Geochelone alleni Auffenberg, 1966 = Geochelone oelrichi Holman, 1972a = Geochelone mlynarskii Auffenberg, 1988) Florida, Oklahoma, Kansas, Texas, Nebraska, Late Miocene-Late Pleistocene shell length c. 22–25 centimetres (0.72–0.82 ft)
    • †Hesperotestudo williamsi (Auffenberg, 1964) Oakville Formation, Texas, Early Miocene (Burdigalian) shell length c. 33.4 centimetres (1.10 ft)

References

  1. ^
    ISSN 2007-2902
    .
  2. ^
    S2CID 214641639
    .
  3. ^
    doi:10.3854/crm.5.000e.fossil.checklist.v1.2015. Archived
    (PDF) from the original on 21 September 2022.
  4. ^ Moll, Don; Brown, Lauren E. (2017). "Reinterpretation of the Climatic Adaptation of Giant Fossil Tortoises in North America". Herpetological Journal. 27 (3): 276–286.
  5. ^ Dunbar, James S.; Webb, S. David (1996). "17. Bone and Ivory Tools from Submerged Paleoindian Sites in Florida". In Anderson, David G.; Sassaman, Kenneth E. (eds.). The Paleoindian and Early Archaic Southeast. University Alabama Press. pp. 331–353.
  6. doi:10.1016/S0305-4403(02)00205-4
    .
  7. ^ Williams , E.E. 1950. Testudo cubensis and the evolution of Western Hemisphere tortoises. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 95:1–36.
  8. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2000.tb00649.x
    .
  9. S2CID 85595118
    . Retrieved 2012-04-12.
  10. ^ Leidy, J. 1889. Description of vertebrate remains from Peace Creek, Florida. Transactions of the Wagner Free Institute of Science of Philadelphia 2:19–31.
  11. ISSN 2373-8189
    .