Hetman of the Zaporizhian Host
Hetman of Kirill Razumovski | |
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Abolished | 17 November 1764 |
The Hetman of the Zaporizhian Host (
. The office was abolished by the Russian government in 1764.Brief history
The position was established by Bohdan Khmelnytsky during the Cossack Hetmanate in the mid 17th century. During that period the office was electoral. All elections, except for the first one, took place in the Senior Council in Chyhyryn which, until 1669, served as the capital of the Hetmanate.
After the
By an edict of the Russian Governing Senate of 17 November 1764,[1] the office was disestablished in the course of the expansion of Russian territory towards the Black Sea coast.
List of hetmans
The list includes only hetmans who belonged to the Cossack Hetmanate. For a full list of all Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks, see Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks.
# | Hetman | Life span | Elected (event) | Took office | Left office | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Bohdan Khmelnytsky Зиновій-Богдан Хмельницький |
(1596–1657) | 1648 (Sich) | 26 January 1648 | 6 August 1657 | Pereiaslav Agreement, Moscow's military union with the Hetmanate | ||
2 | Yurii Khmelnytsky Юрій Хмельницький |
(1641–1685) | death of his father | 6 August 1657 | 27 August 1657 | |||
3 | Ivan Vyhovsky Іван Виговський |
(?–1664) | 1657 (Korsun) | 21 October 1657 | 11 September 1659 | Attempt for reconciliation with Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth[a] | ||
4 | Yurii Khmelnytsky Юрій Хмельницький |
(1641–1685) | 1659 (Hermanivka) | 11 September 1659 | October 1662 | First vassalage to Muscovy,[b] later agreed to autonomy within Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth[c] | ||
5 | Pavlo Teteria (1620?–1670) Павло "Тетеря" Моржковський |
1662 (Chyhyryn) | October 1662 | July 1665 | ||||
The period of ruin and civil war | ||||||||
(1) | Ivan Briukhovetsky (1623–1668) Іван Брюховецький |
1663 (Nizhyn)
|
27 June 1663 (confirmed: 27 June 1663) |
17 June 1668 | pro-Muscovite faction, changed sides due to Truce of Andrusovo | |||
6 | Petro Doroshenko (1627–1698) Петро Дорошенко |
1666 (Chyhyryn) | 10 October 1665 (confirmed: January 1666) |
19 September 1676 | Union treaty with the Ottomans[d] | |||
(2) | Demian Mnohohrishny (1631–1703) Дем'ян Многогрішний |
1669 (Hlukhiv) | 17 December 1668 (confirmed: 3 March 1669) |
April 1672 | pro-Muscovite faction | |||
7 (3) | Ivan Samoylovych (1630s–1690) Іван Самойлович |
1672 (Cossack Grove) | 17 June 1672 | August 1687 | pro-Muscovite faction | |||
The period of ruin and civil war ended | ||||||||
8 | Ivan Mazepa (1639–1708) Іван Мазепа |
1687 (Kolomak) | 4 August 1687 | 6 November 1708 | "stripped" of a title, discredited | |||
9 | Ivan Skoropadsky (1646–1722) Іван Скоропадський |
1708 (Hlukhiv) | 6 November 1708 | 14 July 1722 | died | |||
X | Pavlo Polubotok (1660–1724) Павло Полуботок |
appointed hetman | 1722 | 1724 | died in prison | |||
Collegium of Little Russia (Stepan Velyaminov ) 1722–1727
| ||||||||
10 | Danylo Apostol (1654–1734) Данило Апостол |
1727 (Hlukhiv) | 12 October 1727 | 29 March 1734 | died | |||
X | Yakiv Lyzohub (1675–1749) Яків Лизогуб |
appointed hetman | 1733 | 1749 | died | |||
Governing Council of the Hetman Office (Aleksei Shakhovskoy) 1734–1745 | ||||||||
11 | Kyrylo Rozumovsky (1728–1803) Кирило Розумовський |
1750 (Hlukhiv) | 22 February 1750 | 17 November 1764 | resigned | |||
Collegium of Little Russia 1764–1786 (Pyotr Rumyantsev) |
Notes
Some historians, including
Vouched for by Charles Marie François Olier, marquis de Nointel, Yurii Khmelnytsky was freed from Ottoman captivity and, along with Pasha Ibragim, was sent to Ukraine to fight the Moscow forces of Samoilovych and Romadanovsky. In 1681, Mehmed IV appointed George Ducas hetman of Ukraine, replacing Khmelnytsky.
Following the anathema on Mazepa and the election of Ivan Skoropadsky, the Cossack Hetmanate was included in the Russian Government of Kiev in December 1708. Upon the death of Skoropadsky, the elections oh hetmans were discontinued and were awarded as a gift and a type of princely title, first to Moldavian noblemen and, later, to the Russian Empress's favorites.
On 5 April 1710, the council of cossacks, veterans of the Battle at Poltava, elected Pylyp Orlyk as the Hetman of Ukraine in exile. Orlyk waged a guerrilla war at the southern borders of the Russian Empire with support from the Ottoman and Swedish empires.
See also
- List of leaders of Ukraine
- Hetmans of Zaporizhian Cossacks
- Hetman of Ukraine
Notes
- ^ Following the Muscovite-Polish Truce of Vilna, which withdrew Moscow's military support for the Cossack Hetmanate, Vyhovsky signed the Treaty of Hadiach seeking a federative status as a Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth.
- Pereyaslav Articlessubjugating both state and church to Muscovy. It was not approved by the General Cossack Council.
- ^ In 1660, Khmelnytsky signed the Slobodyshche Pact with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth which sought to get rid of Moscow's control over the Hetmanate. The treaty was approved by the General Cossack Council in Korsun.
- ^ In 1669, Doroshenko signed the Korsun treaty which provided the Hetmanate with military support and protection for the Ukrainian Exarch.
References
- ^ Kyrylo Rozumovsky at the Jurist Encyclopedia
- ^ Pavlo Teteria, Hetman of the Right-bank Ukraine. Cossack leaders of Ukraine (textbook).
- ^ Lohvyn, Yu. Pavlo Teteria. Hetmans of Ukraine. "Merry Alphabet".
- ^ Pavlo Teteria. History of the Great Nation.
- ^ a b Horobets, V. Civil wars in Ukraine of 1650s–1660s. Encyclopedia of history of Ukraine. Vol.2. Kiev: "Naukova Dumka", 2004.
Further reading
- Dyadychenko, V. Sketches of a social and political system of the Left-bank Ukraine at the end of 17th and the start of 18th centuries. Kiev 1959
- Smoliy, V. Hetmanate Ukraine. Kiev 1999
External links
- Shcherbak, V. Institution of Hetmans. Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. "Naukova dumka". Kiev 2004
- Hetman. Encyclopedia of Ukraine.