Heywood, Greater Manchester
Heywood | ||
---|---|---|
Metropolitan county | ||
Region | ||
Country | England | |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom | |
Post town | HEYWOOD | |
Postcode district | OL10 | |
Dialling code | 01706 | |
Police | Greater Manchester | |
Fire | Greater Manchester | |
Ambulance | North West | |
UK Parliament | ||
Heywood is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, Greater Manchester, England,[1] in the historic county of Lancashire. It had a population of 28,205 at the 2011 Census.[2] The town lies on the south bank of the River Roch, 2 miles (3.2 km) east of Bury, 4 miles (6.4 km) southwest of Rochdale, and 8 miles (12.9 km) north of Manchester. Middleton lies to the south, whilst to the north is the Cheesden Valley, open moorland, and the Pennines. Heywood's nickname is Monkey Town.
The
The
Heywood is close to junction 19 of the M62 motorway, which provides transport links for the large distribution parks in the south of the town. The 1860s-built 188-foot (57 m) tall Parish Church of St Luke the Evangelist dominates the town centre and skyline. Heywood was the birthplace of Peter Heywood, the magistrate who aided the discovery of the Gunpowder Plot, whose family seat was Heywood Hall. Heywood has a station on the East Lancashire heritage railway.
History
Evidence attests that human activity in the area extends back to the
A family surnamed Heywood can be traced back to the 11th century, and in 1286, Adam de Bury granted the land of Heywood to Peter of Heywood.[4] Heywood Hall, the administrative centre of the manor and the seat of the Heywood family, was built in the 13th century.[6] A member of the family and a resident of Heywood Hall was Peter Heywood, the magistrate who, with a party of men, arrested Guy Fawkes during the Gunpowder Plot of 1605.[6] Another member of the family, also called Peter Heywood, was aboard HMS Bounty when its crew mutinied in 1789.[9]
During the
What was described as a period of "extraordinary growth of the cotton-trade" in the mid-19th century,[3] led to "an influx of strangers causing a very dense population".[4] Urbanisation caused by the expansion of factories and housing meant that in 1885, Rochdale-born poet Edwin Waugh, was able to describe Heywood as "almost entirely the creation of the cotton industry".
In 1905 Plum Tickle Mill began operation as the largest mule-spinning mill in the world under one roof, however, Plum Mill and its sister-mill, Unity Mill, were idled in the 1960s under the government reorganisation of the cotton industry. The last large weaving mill in the town was J. Smith, Hargreaves & Company, towel manufacturers. However this mill was also idled in the 1980s and operations were transferred to W.T. Taylor & Company in Horwich.[citation needed]
Most of the cotton mills have now been demolished, mainly to make way for housing. One of the last mills remaining, though not in production since 1986, has recently been offered for redevelopment as flats. The "Mutual Mills", a complex of four, are Grade II listed buildings.
The town also has a history of coal mining. Coal pits were opened in Hooley Clough in the early 19th century by the Lord of the Manor of Rochdale. During the 19th century a colliery at Captain Fold was run by the Heywood Coal Company. Two people were killed at Captain Fold Colliery between 1844 and 1848. When the mine flooded in 1852 two more people were killed and the colliery closed soon after. Mining continued in the town with drift mining in Bamford until 1950.[10]
In 1881, the newly created Municipal Borough of Heywood included 67 cotton mills and weaving sheds, 67 machine works and other workshops, 75 cotton waste and other warehouses and 5,877 dwelling houses. It had 22 churches and chapels and 24 Sunday and day schools. The population was estimated at 25,000.
The town was originally served by railway, with
The town had its own canal, the Heywood Branch Canal which is now infilled and largely gone.
There is a local legend that men from Heywood used to have tails and that
In the 20th century, the town's cotton mills went into steep decline, only Glossop in Derbyshire went into sharper recession; in contrast, the spinning capacity of nearby Rochdale shrank more slowly than any other mill town apart from Wigan.[12]
The southern wing of St Luke's Church, well known throughout the area for its beautiful proportions and ornate carvings, is suggested to have been one of
In 2007 plans were announced to shake off an area's 'mill town' image and rejuvenate the town over a 10–15-year period to appeal to a younger generation. The plan involves creating new retail, business and community spaces, demolishing 300 flats and houses and replacing them with 1,000 new homes.[13]
Heywood Golf Club (now defunct) was founded in 1905. The club disappeared at the time of
Governance
Civic history
Lying within the
Following the
Under the Local Government Act 1972, the Municipal Borough of Heywood was abolished, and Heywood has, since 1 April 1974, formed an unparished area of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, a local government district of the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester.[1][18] Municipal Buildings, which served as the former town hall, were demolished in the mid-1980s.[16] Since 1992, Heywood has been one of four township committee areas of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale. The Heywood Township Committee meets six times per year, with the vision of making Heywood "a safe, small town set in attractive countryside ... part of a successful borough and city region".[19] Each meeting commences with an open forum session, which gives local residents the opportunity to ask questions of their local members or to raise issues of local concern.[20]
Parliamentary representation
In terms of parliamentary representation, Heywood after the Reform Act 1832 was represented as part of the South Lancashire constituency, of which the first Members of Parliaments (MPs) were the Liberals George William Wood and Charles Molyneux. Constituency boundaries changed throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, and Heywood has lain within the South East Lancashire (1868–1885), Heywood (1885–1918), Heywood and Radcliffe (1918–1950), and Heywood and Royton (1950–1983) constituencies. Since 1983, Heywood has lain within Heywood and Middleton. It was represented in the House of Commons by Liz McInnes, a member of the Labour Party from 2014 to 2019.[21] At the 2019 general election, McInnes was defeated by Conservative candidate, Chris Clarkson.[22]
Geography
Located 169 miles (272 km) north-northwest of
At the north of Heywood, the River Roch meanders westerly into Bury, and then onwards to Radcliffe where it unites its waters with the River Irwell. The general slope of the land in Heywood increases in height away from the Roch. From the north bank of the Roch is the Roch Valley and Cheesden Valley. The Cheesden Valley is a wooded river valley of the Cheesden Brook, flanked on all sides by high moorland and small hamlets, like Birtle.[23] The soil is sandy, and the subsoil is clay.[25]
Heywood's
Suburban localities in Heywood include Broadfield, Captain Fold, Crimble, Darnhill and Hopwood.[23] Hopwood was formerly a township of itself, but was amalgamated into Heywood in the 19th century. Darnhill is the site of a planned overspill council estate, built in the 1950s and 1960s as part of a slum clearance project throughout inner-city Manchester.[27] Heywood's population increased when thousands of people were moved out of Manchester's slums and into what was then the Heywood countryside of Darnhill.[27]
Demography
Heywood Compared | |||
---|---|---|---|
2011 UK Census |
Heywood[28] | Rochdale (borough)[29] | England[30] |
Total population | 28,205 | 211,699 | 53,012,456 |
White | 95.6% | 81.7% | 85.4% |
Asian | 2.0% | 14.9% | 7.8% |
Black | 1.0% | 1.3% | 3.5% |
According to the
At the 2001 UK census, 80.6% of Heywood's residents reported themselves as being Christian, 1.1% Muslim, 0.1% Hindu, 0.1% Buddhist and 0.1% Jewish. The census recorded 9.9% as having no religion, 0.1% had an alternative religion and 8.0% did not state their religion.[35]
Heywood's population remained constant for most of the 20th century, but increased from 24,090 in 1960 to 30,443 in 1970, following the opening of the Darnhill overspill council estate, which transferred thousands of people from inner-city Manchester, to Heywood.[27] The first families to move to Heywood from Manchester as part of the slum clearances came in 1963.[27]
Population change in Heywood since 1891 | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | 1891 | 1901 | 1911 | 1921 | 1931 | 1939 | 1951 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 2001 | |||
Population | 23,185 | 25,458 | 26,697 | 26,693 | 25,968 | 25,063 | 25,201 | 24,090 | 30,443 | 29,686 | 29,286 | 28,024 | |||
Urban Sanitary District 1891[36] Municipal Borough 1901–1971[37] Urban Subdivision 1981–2001[38][39][40] |
Economy
Heywood Compared | |||
---|---|---|---|
2011 UK Census |
Heywood[28] | Rochdale[29] | England[30] |
Population of working age | 20,754 | 152,742 | 38,881,374 |
Full-time employment | 39.7% | 36.4% | 38.6% |
Part-time employment | 15.1% | 13.2% | 13.7% |
Self employed | 6.9% | 7.0% | 9.8% |
Unemployed | 6.6% | 5.9% | 4.4% |
Retired | 14.1% | 13.7% | 13.7% |
From the 18th century onwards, Heywood's economy was closely tied with that of Britain's
The whole town is undergoing a major regeneration as part of the government's
According to the 2001 UK census, the industry of employment of residents aged 16–74 was 24.6% retail and wholesale, 19.2% manufacturing, 10.7% health and social work, 5.5% education, 8.2% transport and communications, 8.1% property and business services, 7.9% construction, 4.2% public administration, 3.8% hotels and restaurants, 3.0% finance, 0.7% energy and water supply, 0.4% agriculture, 0.1 mining and 3.6% other. Compared with national figures, the town had a relatively low percentage working in agriculture.[48] The census recorded the economic activity of residents aged 16–74, 1.9% students were with jobs, 3.3% students without jobs, 5.6% looking after home or family, 8.5% permanently sick or disabled, economically inactive for other reasons.[49] The Heywood Advertiser was founded in the 19th century. The newspaper has a readership of 16,500 and runs its own website.[50]
Landmarks
Historically, Heywood's only landmark was Heywood Hall, the town's former manor house which was inhabited by the Heywood family. On Heywood in 1881, Edwin Waugh said:
It looks like a great funeral on its way from Bury to Rochdale, consisting of little more than a mile of brick-built cottages and shops. The very dwelling houses look as though they worked in factories[51]
— Edwin Waugh, Lancashire Sketches, 1881
The parish church of St Luke the Evangelist is Heywood's major landmark – the focal point of the town centre. A place of worship at the site of St Luke's is known to have existed prior to 1611.
Heywood War Memorial lies in Memorial Gardens opposite the Parish Church of St Luke the Evangelist, and was originally erected "to the men of Heywood who gave their lives" during the
Ashworth Valley is a renowned local beauty spot.[citation needed] Queens Park re-opened in 2006 after a multimillion-pound facelift, with many of its Victorian attractions restored, including the old fountain and many of the statues.[citation needed]
Transport
Public transport in Heywood is co-ordinated by
Heywood railway station is on the East Lancashire Railway, a heritage railway which connects Heywood with Rawtenstall railway station via Ramsbottom railway station. The original station opened on the national rail network in 1841 and closed in 1970. It re-opened in 2003 as an extension of the East Lancashire Railway from Bury Bolton Street railway station.
Education
Heywood Technical School was opened on 1 December 1894, on a site then known as the Market Ground. The building, which had technical school status, also contained an art school. The school was doubled in size eighteen years later and opened as the Heywood Day Secondary School. It was renamed 12 years after that as
- List
- Hopwood County Primary School
- St. Luke's C.E. Primary School
- All Souls' Primary School
- St. Joseph's R.C. Primary School
- Harwood Park Primary School
- Heapbridge Primary School
- Woodland Primary School
- St. Margaret's Primary School
- Our Lady and St Paul's R.C. Primary School
- Newhouse Academy
- Holy Family RC & CE College (Previously St. Joseph's R.C. High School)
Birtle View
Birtle View was a school for children with special needs. The school closed on 31 August 2007[72], the building has now been demolished and replaced by a doctors' surgery.
Sports
Heywood Cricket Club plays in the Central Lancashire Cricket League.[59] The club has won the Wood Cup on nine occasions since the cup competition began in 1921.[60]
Heywood, Heywood Central, Heywood St James and Heywood United are all association football clubs that have been based in Heywood. Heywood St James F.C. plays in Division One of the Manchester Football League.[citation needed]
Heywood Hockey Club is a men's field hockey club based in Heywood.
Darnhill and Heywood Amateur Boxing Club is based in Darnhill.[61][62]
Heywood Sports Culture and Leisure Village is under construction, and was due to open in July 2010.[63]
Notable people born in Heywood
- Lewis Alessandra, professional footballer with over 400 appearances in the Football League.
- Irish immigrants.[64]
- Roger Fenton a pioneering war photographer, was born at Crimble Hall in Heywood in 1819.
- Christine Gaskell, 100 m breaststroke gold medallist at the 1974 British Commonwealth Games, was born, brought up and still lives in Heywood. The community swimming baths, Gaskell Pool, are named in her honour.[65]
- Paul Gerrard, professional goalkeeper, born in Heywood in 1973. He played for Oldham Athletic, Sheffield United and England under-21s.[66]
- Julie Goodyear, star of ITV's Coronation Street for many years. She played Bet Lynch.[67]
- Peter Kane, World flyweight boxing champion, 1938–39, was born in Heywood.
- David Malin The noted astrophotographer grew up in the Ashworth Valley area of Heywood
- Nico Mirallegro, actor, who plays Finn Nelson in My Mad Fat Diary.[68]
- Keri-Anne Payne, British Olympic swimmer and silver medallist, born in Johannesburg, has lived in Heywood since the age of 13.[69]
- Debbie Rush, who plays Anna Windass in Coronation Street is also from the town.[70]
- SimpsonHaugh and Partnersin 1987.
- Lisa Stansfield, R&B and soul singer, was born and brought up in Heywood.[71]
- Elliott and Luke Tittensor, actors, were born and brought up in Heywood.[72]
- Ryan Tunnicliffe, professional footballer who started out at Manchester United and went on to play for several Championship sides.
Twinned city
Heywood is twinned with Peine in Germany
See also
References
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Greater Manchester Gazetteer". Greater Manchester County Record Office. Places names – G to H. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 17 October 2008.
- ^ "Town population 2011". Retrieved 7 January 2016.
- ^ a b c d Lewis 1848, pp. 501–505.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Metropolitan Rochdale Official Guide
- ^ "Heywood and its Stone Age legacy". Heywood Advertiser. M.E.N. Media. 10 March 2003. Retrieved 20 October 2008.
- ^ a b c d e "A brief history of Heywood". Heywood.org.uk. Archived from the original on 7 August 2007. Retrieved on 1 September 2008.
- ^ Historic England. "Monument No. 890857". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 4 April 2008.
- ^ Rochdale Boroughwide Cultural Trust. "Heywood". link4link.org. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 7 October 2008.
- doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/13187. Retrieved 15 September 2008. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- ^ "Captain Fold pit disaster". Heywood Advertiser. M.E.N. Media. 10 March 2003. Retrieved 1 September 2008.
- ^ "Island bench for a monkey". Heywood Advertiser. 15 September 2004. Archived from the original on 20 August 2008.
- ^ McNeil, R. & Nevell, M. (2000), p. 38.
- ^ "Radical plans for Heywood". Manchester Evening News. M.E.N. Media. 27 September 2007. Retrieved 30 August 2008.
- ^ “Heywood Golf Club”, "Golf's Missing Links".
- ^ Rochdale Boroughwide Cultural Trust. "Municipal Buildings, Heywood". link4link.org. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2008.
- ^ a b "Rochdale here we come ..." Heywood Advertiser. M.E.N. Media. 10 March 2003. Retrieved 20 October 2008.
- ^ "Town twinning". Rochdale.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 4 October 2008. Retrieved on 31 August 2008.
- ^ HMSO. Local Government Act 1972. 1972 c.70.
- ^ Rochdale Metropolitan Borough Council. "Aiming High – township dimension – Heywood Township". rochdale.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 5 March 2009. Retrieved 17 October 2008.
- ^ Rochdale Metropolitan Borough Council. "Decision making – A guide to the Council's decision-making structure – Township Committees". rochdale.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 19 July 2008. Retrieved 17 October 2008.
- ^ "Jim Dobbin MP". theyworkforyou.com. Retrieved 16 October 2008.
- ^ "Heywood & Middleton parliamentary constituency – Election 2019". Retrieved 14 December 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive (30 April 2008). "Network Maps: Rochdale" (PDF). gmpte.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 May 2008. Retrieved 1 May 2008.
- ^ Office for National Statistics (2001). "Census 2001:Key Statistics for urban areas in the North; Map 3" (PDF). statistics.gov.uk. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 January 2007. Retrieved 14 October 2008.
- ^ "Heap". mancuniensis.info. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
- ^ "Rights of way improvement plan" (PDF). Rochdale.gov.uk. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 March 2009. Retrieved 31 August 2008. Retrieved on 31 August 2008.
- ^ a b c d "Heywood grows as Darnhill rises". Heywood Advertiser. M.E.N. Media. 10 March 2003. Archived from the original on 20 April 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2008.
- ^ Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
- ^ a b UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Rochdale Local Authority (1946157085)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
- ^ a b UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – England Country (2092957699)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
- ^ "Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area". ons.gov.uk. Office for National Statistics. 22 July 2004. KS01 Usual resident population . Retrieved 31 August 2008.
- ^ "Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area". ons.gov.uk. Office for National Statistics. 22 July 2004. KS04 Marital status . Retrieved 31 August 2008.
- ^ "Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area". ons.gov.uk. Office for National Statistics. 22 July 2004. KS20 Household composition . Retrieved 31 August 2008.
- ^ "Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area". ons.gov.uk. Office for National Statistics. 22 July 2004. KS13 Qualifications and students . Retrieved 5 August 2008.
- ^ "Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area". ons.gov.uk. Office for National Statistics. 22 July 2004. KS07 Religion . Retrieved 5 August 2008.
- ^ "Heywood USD: Total Population". visionofbritain.org.uk. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 17 October 2008. •
- ^ "Heywood MB: Total Population". visionofbritain.org.uk. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 17 October 2008. •
- ^ "1981 Key Statistics for Urban Areas GB Table 1". Office for National Statistics. 1981.
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(help) - ^ "Greater Manchester Urban Area 1991 Census". National Statistics. Archived from the original on 5 February 2009. Retrieved 24 July 2008.
{{cite journal}}
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(help) - ^ "Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area". Ons.gov.uk. Office for National Statistics. KS01 Usual resident population . 22 July 2004. Retrieved 24 July 2008.
- ^ Kennedy, John (21 November 2005). "The History of Heywood Magic". heywoodmagicmarket.co.uk. Archived from the original on 5 January 2009. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
- ^ "Heywood Distribution Park – Welcome". heywooddistributionpark.com. Archived from the original on 6 January 2009. Retrieved 20 October 2008.
- ^ Thame, David (26 July 2005). "Heywood Park is sold in £276m deal". Manchester Evening News. M.E.N. Media. Retrieved 30 August 2008.
- ^ Thame, David (29 April 2003). "Park 'n' grow". Manchester Evening News. M.E.N. Media. Retrieved 30 August 2008.
- ^ a b Thame, David (15 October 2002). "Five-high in the Park!". Manchester Evening News. M.E.N. Media. Retrieved 30 August 2008.
- ^ "Heywood's toyland". Manchester Evening News. M.E.N. Media. 11 December 2007. Retrieved 30 August 2008.
- ^ Craig, Ian (14 September 2004). "MPs' rap for £2bn blitz on urban decay". Manchester Evening News. M.E.N. Media. Retrieved 31 August 2008.
- ^ "Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area". ons.gov.uk. Office for National Statistics. 22 July 2004. KS11a Industry of employment – all people . Retrieved 1 September 2008.
- ^ "Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area". ons.gov.uk. Office for National Statistics. 22 July 2004. KS09a Economic activity – all people . Retrieved 1 September 2008.
- ^ "Heywood Advertiser". Manchester Evening News. M.E.N. Media. 3 April 2007. Retrieved 1 September 2008.
- ^ Hartwell, Hyde & Pevsner 2005, p. 236
- ^ a b c d Hardy 2005, p. 47.
- ^ a b c d Public Monuments and Sculpture Association (16 June 2003). "Heywood War Memorial". Archived from the original on 23 June 2007. Retrieved 17 October 2008.
- ^ a b Rochdale Metropolitan Borough Council. "Memorial – maintenance". rochdale.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 17 October 2008. Retrieved 17 October 2008.
- ^ "Heywood Grammar School". www.zen49685.zen.co.uk.
- ^ Tunstall, Mark (6 August 2003). "Preserve old school says proud head boy". Heywood Advertiser. M.E.N. Media.
- ^ HCHS 2009 HM Ofsted Report[permanent dead link] ofsted.gov.uk
- ^ Gray, Lisa (26 August 2010). "RIP Heywood Community School". Manchester Evening News. M.E.N. Media. Archived from the original on 12 November 2012. Retrieved 3 September 2010.
- ^ "Heywood top of CLL table". Heywood Advertiser. M.E.N. Media. 28 August 2008. Retrieved 1 September 2008.
- ^ "Oldham Cricket Club: Wood Cup". OldhamCC.co.uk. Archived from the original on 12 June 2008. Retrieved on 1 September 2008.
- ^ "Super Showtime". Heywood Advertiser. M.E.N. Media. 31 October 2007.
- ^ "Darnhill's Golden greats". Heywood Advertiser. M.E.N. Media. 17 January 2007.
- ^ "Heywood Sports, Culture and Leisure Village". heartofheywood.org. Archived from the original on 23 October 2009. Retrieved 2 October 2009.
- ^ "Lord Brett". The Telegraph. London: Telegraph Media Group. 1 May 2012.
- ^ Christine Gaskell Archived 16 December 2006 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Rochdale Boroughwide Cultural Trust. "Paul Gerrard, Footballer". link4link.org. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2008.
- ^ "Riding plans for Goodyear". Heywood Advertiser. M.E.N. Media. 17 May 2006.
- ^ "Heywood actor in line for Bafta". ManchesterEveningNews.co.uk. 16 April 2014.
- ^ "Team GB". www.olympics.org.uk.
- ^ Glendinning, Amy (22 October 2008). "Starring Coronation Street role for mum-of-three". Heywood Advertiser. M.E.N. Media. Archived from the original on 18 April 2012.
- ^ Holman, Vicki (7 June 2006). "Playing Pooh in the school play was my big break". Heywood Advertiser. M.E.N. Media.
- ^ "Soap actor on assault charge". Heywood Advertiser. M.E.N. Media. 16 September 2008.
Bibliography
- Hardy, Clive (2005). Francis Frith's Greater Manchester. Frith Book Company. ISBN 978-1-85937-266-1.
- Hartwell; Hyde; Pevsner (2005). Lancashire: Manchester and the South East. ISBN 978-0-300-10583-4.
- ISBN 978-0-8063-1508-9.
- McNeil, R.; Nevell, M (2000). A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Greater Manchester. ISBN 0-9528930-3-7.
- Rochdale Metropolitan Borough Council (n.d.). "Metropolitan Rochdale Official Guide". London: Ed. J. Burrow & Co. Limited.
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External links
- www.heartofheywood.org, a community webspace.
- www.heywood.org.uk, a community webspace.
- www.heywoodadvertiser.co.uk, website of the local newspaper of the same name.
- Monkey Town: The History of Heywood, website all about the history of Heywood.