Himalayan marmot

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Himalayan marmot
Individual at Tshophu Lake, Bhutan (above), group with worn pelage in Ladakh, India (below)

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Rodentia
Family: Sciuridae
Genus: Marmota
Species:
M. himalayana
Binomial name
Marmota himalayana
(Hodgson, 1841)

The Himalayan marmot (Marmota himalayana) is a

Least Concern because of its wide range and possibly large population.[1]

Taxonomy

Arctomys Himalayanus was the

scientific name proposed by Brian Houghton Hodgson in 1841 who described marmot skins from the Himalayas.[2] In the 19th century, several Himalayan marmot specimens were described and proposed as subspecies.[3]

The Himalayan marmot is very closely related to the

Palearctic region, i.e. Himalayan, Tarbagan, gray and forest-steppe, all were regarded as subspecies of the bobak marmot.[4]

Characteristics

Himalayan marmots near Pangong Tso, Ladakh

The Himalayan marmot has a dense woolly fur that is rufous grey on the back and rufous yellowish on ears, belly and limbs. The bridge of its nose and end of tail is dark brown.

housecat. Average body mass ranges from 4 to 9.2 kg (8.8 to 20.3 lb), with weights lowest post-hibernation in spring and highest prior to it in autumn. In the autumn, average weight is reportedly more than 7 kg (15 lb) in both sexes. Total length is about 45 to 67 cm (18 to 26 in), with a tail length of 12 to 15 cm (4.7 to 5.9 in).[5][6]

Distribution and habitat

Ganda La, Ladakh

The Himalayan marmot occurs in the

Xizang, western Sichuan and Yunnan provinces.[8] In the west its distribution reaches that of the long-tailed marmot (M. caudata), but the two are not known to hybridize. The Himalayan marmot lives in short grass steppes or alpine habitats, typically above the tree line but below the permanent snow limit.[4]

Ecology and behaviour

Himalayan marmot peeping out of its burrow

The Himalayan marmot lives in

alluvial deposits. Where soil conditions are ideal on alluvial terraces, marmot colonies comprise up to 30 families, with up to 10 families living in an area of 1 km (0.6 mi). The marmot eats plants growing on pastures, in particular the soft and juicy parts of grassy plant species like Carex, Agrostis, Deschampsia, Koeleria and flowering species like Euphrasia, Gentiana, Halenia, Polygonum, Primula, Ranunculus, Saussurea, Taraxacum Iris potaninii.[5]

Reproduction

Females become sexually mature at the age of two years. After one month of gestation they give birth to litters of two to 11 young.[7]

Predators

On the

golden eagles.[10][11]

In culture

It was known to the ancient Greek writers as the gold-digging ant apparently as reference to the fact that gold nuggets were found in the silts of the burrows these marmots dug.[12][13] The French ethnologist Michel Peissel claimed that the story of 'gold-digging ants' reported by the Greek historian Herodotus was founded on the golden Himalayan marmot of the Deosai plateau and the habit of local tribes such as the Minaro to collect the gold dust excavated from their burrows.[14]

A photograph of a Himalayan marmot under attack by a Tibetan fox taken by Bao Yongqing won the overall prize in the 2019 Wildlife Photographer of the Year award.[15]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Shrestha, T. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Marmota himalayana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T12826A115106426.
  2. ^ a b Hodgson, B. H. (1841). "Notice of the Marmot of the Himalaya and of Tibet". The Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 10 (2): 777–778.
  3. OCLC 62265494
    .
  4. ^ a b c d Kryštufek, B.; Vohralík, B. (2013). "Taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic rodents (Rodentia). Part 2. Sciuridae: Urocitellus, Marmota and Sciurotamias". Lynx, N. S. (Praha). 44: 27–138.
  5. ^
    S2CID 23526958
    .
  6. doi:10.11609/jott.3336.9.11.10886-10891
    .
  7. ^ a b c Molur, S.; Srinivasulu, C.; Srinivasulu, B.; Walker, S.; Nameer, P.O.; Ravikumar, L. (2005). Status of non-volant small mammals: Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (C.A.M.P) workshop report. Coimbatore, India: Zoo Outreach Organisation / CBSG-South Asia.
  8. ^ Smith, A.T.; Xie, Y. (2008). A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  9. PMID 24533080
    .
  10. ^ Padgett, L.; Small, C. (2011). "Marmota himalayana, Himalayan marmot". Animal Diversity Web. Archived from the original on 6 September 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
  11. ^ Rajat Ghai (7 July 2020). "After bats, do not make marmots into villains: Expert". Down To Earth. Archived from the original on 2 August 2020. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
  12. New York Times. Archived from the original
    on 2016-04-14 – via livius.org.
  13. ^ N. Shiva Kumar (September 22, 2013). "Marmots caught off guard". The Hindu. Archived from the original on November 29, 2014. Retrieved May 7, 2016.
  14. ISBN 978-0-00-272514-9
    .
  15. ^ "Wildlife photographer of the year 2019 winners – in pictures". The Guardian. 2019-10-16. Archived from the original on 2019-10-16. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Himalayan_marmot&oldid=1206276678"