Hinduism in Java

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The 8th century Hindu temples of Prambanan, near Yogyakarta, Java

Hinduism has historically been a major religious and cultural influence in Java, Indonesia. Hinduism was the dominant religion in the region before the arrival of Islam. In recent years, it has also been enjoying something of a resurgence, particularly in the eastern part of the island.[1][2]

History

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Both Java and Sumatra were subject to considerable cultural influence from India during the first and second millennia of the Common Era. Both Hinduism and Buddhism, which are both Indian religions and share a common historical background and whose membership may even overlap at times, were widely propagated in the Maritime Southeast Asia.[citation needed]

Yogyakarta, which has been designated a World Heritage Site; and Hindu kingdoms flourished, of which the most important was Majapahit.[citation needed
]

In the sixth and seventh centuries many maritime kingdoms arose in Sumatra and Java which controlled the waters in the

scholars from India and China visited these kingdoms to translate literary and religious texts.[citation needed
]

Muslim kingdoms in the western part of the island gained influence.[3]

Although Java was substantially converted to Islam during the 15th century and afterwards, substantial elements of Hindu (and pre-Hindu) customs and beliefs persist among ordinary Javanese. Particularly in central and eastern Java, Abangan or 'nominal' Muslims are predominant. 'Javanists'[disambiguation needed], who uphold this folk tradition, coexist along with more orthodox Islamicizing elements.[citation needed]

Survivals

Tenggerese offering, 1971

Hinduism or Hindu-animist fusion have been preserved by a number of Javanese communities, many of which claim descent from Majapahit warriors and princes. The Osings in the Banyuwangi Regency of East Java are a community whose religion shows many similarities to that of Bali. The

Lord Buddha along with Hindu trinity Shiva, Vishnu, and Brahma. The Badui in Banten have a religion of their own which incorporates Hindu traits. Many Javanese communities still practice Kejawèn, consisting of an amalgam of animistic, Buddhist, and Hindu aspects. Yogyakarta is stronghold of Kejawen.[4]

Modern Day

It is interesting to study conversion to Hinduism in two close and culturally similar regions, the

Klaten region, which has witnessed the highest percentage of Hindu converts in Java. It has been argued that this dissimilarity was related to the difference in the perception of Islam among the Javanese population in each region. Since the mass killings of 1965–1966 in Klaten had been far more awful than those in Yogyakarta, in Klaten the political landscape had been far more politicized than in Yogyakarta. Because the killers in Klaten were to a large extent identified with Islam, the people in this region did not convert to Islam, but preferred Hinduism (and Christianity).[5]

Also there is fear for those who are adherent of Javanism of the purge, in order to hide their practices they converted into Hinduism, though they may not entirely practice the religion. Many of the new "Hindus" in Gunung Lawu and Kediri are example of this.[6]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Great Expectations: Hindu Revival Movements in Java". Archived from the original on 2021-10-25.
  2. ISBN 978-0-8160-7564-5
    .
  3. ISBN 978-9813018587
  4. ^ Krithika Varagur (5 April 2018). "Indonesians Fight to Keep Mystical Religion of Java Alive". Voice of America. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
  5. ISBN 978-81-7835-718-8
    .
  6. ^ "Traces of Hinduism on Mount Lawu". Viva.co.id. 2010-03-17. Retrieved 2022-03-19.
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