Hirske
Hirske
Гірське | |
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Hirske (Ukrainian: Гірське, pronounced [ɦʲirˈsʲkɛ]; Russian: Горское, romanized: Gorskoye) is a city in Sievierodonetsk Raion, Luhansk Oblast, eastern Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Hirske urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.[1] Its population is 9,100 (2022 estimate).[2]
Before 1938, it was named Hirsko-Ivanivsk (Ukrainian: Гірсько-Іванівськ). During the Russo-Ukrainian War, it has been a site of protracted violence, and was eventually captured by Russian and proxy forces during the 2022 full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Geography
The city is located on the Nyzhnia Bilenka River, a right tributary of the Donets.[3]
History
Founding and 20th century
Hirske was officially founded in 1898 as Hirsko-Ivanivsk, when coal mining began in the local area. Migrant workers from across the Russian Empire settled in Hirsko-Ivanivsk, growing its population.[3] In the Imperial Russian administrative system, it was designated as part of Slavyanoserbsk uezd (county) of Yekaterinoslav Governorate.[4]
During the Russian Civil War, Hirsko-Ivanivsk was controlled by the communist Bolsheviks, without much fighting in the town itself. The Bolsheviks incorporated Hirsko-Ivanivsk into the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. However, Hirsko-Ivanivsk's important coal mine fell into disrepair, as many former mine workers went to fight. Maintenance and coal supply was needed to run the draining systems that prevented the mine tunnels from flooding with water. Eventually, the drainage pumps were shut down on January 20, 1920, and the mine was completely flooded with water. Later that year, there were attempts to use the mines again, since there was a need for coal in the Ukrainian SSR. However, the output was much lower than the pre-war levels. In autumn 1924, drainage equipment was sent to Hirsko-Ivanivsk. Eventually, the town was able to use this equipment to return the mine to operation in early August 1928.[4]
Renovations and progress in industrial techniques increased the output of the mine throughout the 1930s. Additionally, schools were built in Hirsko-Ivanivsk, as well as grocery stores and other business that helped the diversification of industry.[4] In 1938, it received city status, as well as its current name, Hirske.[3]
During
In 1962, Hirske was made part of
21st century
Starting in mid-April 2014,
During the summer 2022 battle of Donbas of the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russian forces, accompanied by proxy Luhansk People's Republic (LPR) militants, advanced on and heavily shelled Hirske along with the other remaining Ukraine-held localities in Luhansk Oblast. Ukrainian authorities accused the Russians of "gradually destroying" Hirske and Popasna.[8] Hirske was fully captured by Russian and LPR forces on 23 June 2022.[9]
Demographics
As of the 2001 Ukrainian census, Hirske had a population of 11,473 people. In terms of self-reported ethnic background, the people of Hirske were 66% Ukrainians and 27% Russians.[3] When asked about their native languages, 53.2% reported Ukrainian, 41.6% reported Russian, 0.5% reported Belarusian, and 0.1% reported Moldovan (an alternative name for the Romanian language).[10]
References
- ^ Bida, Olesya (27 July 2020). "Новое районирование Украины. Куда теперь ехать за справкой и как будут распределяться деньги". hromadske.ua (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-10-10.
- ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
- ^ ISBN 978-966-02-2074-4.
- ^ Історія міст і сіл Української РСР(in Ukrainian).
- ^ (in Ukrainian) – via Wikisource.
- ^ "Nine servicemen die, 18 wounded in Ukrainian army operation in past 24 hours".
- ^ "Про зміни в адміністративно-територіальному устрої Луганської області, зміну і встановлення меж Перевальського і Попаснянського районів Луганської області". Офіційний вебпортал парламенту України (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2023-12-15.
- ^ "Ворог всю ніч обстрілював Золоте та Гірське на Луганщині". Ukrinform. 2022-04-07. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
- ^ "Ukraine loses key town as Russia claims it surrounds troops". Reuters. 2022-06-24. Retrieved 2022-06-24.
- ^ "Home". ukrcensus.gov.ua.
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