Hispania Ulterior
Hispania Ulterior | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Córdoba) | |||||||
Historical era | Antiquity | ||||||
• Established | 197 BC | ||||||
• Disestablished | 19 BC | ||||||
| |||||||
Today part of | Spain Gibraltar Portugal |
Hispania Ulterior (English: "Further Hispania", or occasionally "Thither Hispania"Corduba.
Etymology
Hispania is the Latin term given to the
hyraxes", in turn a misidentification on the part of Phoenician explorers of its numerous rabbits as hyraxes. Ulterior is the comparative form of ulter, which means "that is beyond". According to ancient historian Cassius Dio, the people of the region came from many different tribes. They did not share a common language or a common government.[2]
History
After losing control of Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica in the
Second Punic War began. Much of that war between Carthage and Rome took place in Hispania until Scipio Africanus effectively seized control of Hispania from Hannibal and the Carthaginians in the Battle of Ilipa in 206 BC. Four years later, Carthage surrendered and ceded its control of the region to Rome after Carthage's defeat in 201 BC.[3]
In 197 BC, the peninsula was divided into two provinces because of the presence of two military forces during its conquest. These two regions were
Basque Country
.
There was peace in the region until 155 BC when the
Gaius Julius Caesar
was the governor of Hispania Ulterior from 61-60 BC.
In the early fifth-century AD, the
Visigoth king, Athaulf, to defeat the Vandals. The Visigoths seized control of Hispania and made Toledo
the capital of their country.
Roman effects on Hispania
Each province was to be ruled by a praetor. Members of the tribal elite of Hispania were introduced into the Roman aristocracy and allowed to participate in their own governance. Roman emperors
Valencia were enhanced and irrigation aqueducts were introduced. The economy thrived as a granary as well as by exporting gold, olive oil, wool, and wine.[7]
See also
- Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula
References
- ^ Nelson's Encyclopaedia, Thomas Nelson and Sons, New York (1907), vol. XI, p. 338 ("Spain").
- ^ Dio, Cassius. Roman History.
- ^ Grout, James. Encyclopaedia Romana
- ^ Appian. Roman History; Vol I: The Wars in Spain; translated by Horace White (Loeb Classical Library). London: Heinemann, 1912
- ISBN 978-0-521-26430-3.
- ISBN 978-84-00-08854-5.
- ^ Summer, G. V. “Notes on Provinciae in Spain (197-133 B.C.).” Classical Philology; Vol. 72, No. 2 (Apr., 1977), pp. 126–130.
- Strabo. The Geography of Strabo; with an English translation by Horace Leonard Jones.(Loeb Classical Library.) Vol. II. London: Heinemann, 1923.