Historic Centre of Naples
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| UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Official name | Historic Centre of Naples |
| Location | Naples, Campania, Italy |
| Criteria | Cultural |
| Reference | (ii) (iv) 726 (ii) (iv) |
| Inscription | 1995 (19th Session) |
| Endangered | No |
| Coordinates | 40°51′5.004″N 14°15′46.008″E / 40.85139000°N 14.26278000°E |
  Location of Historic Centre of Naples in Campania  Historic Centre of Naples (Italy) | |
Considering that the site is of exceptional value. It is one of the most ancient cities in Europe, whose contemporary urban fabric preserves the elements of its long and eventful history. Its setting on the Bay of Naples gives it an outstanding universal value which has had a profound influence in many parts of Europe and beyond. — Motivation of UNESCO
The historic center, or Centro Storico, of Naples, Italy represents the historic nucleus of the city, spanning 27 centuries.
Almost the entirety of the historic center, approximately 1021 hectares, was declared a
History
The historic center of Naples bears witness to the historical and artistic evolution of the city, from its first Greek settlement in the
The area is considered a UNESCO heritage site covering approximately 1021
The Irpinia earthquake of 1980 damaged part of the historical center and brought to light structural and social problems (even ancient ones) to which was decided to remedy also urbanistic with the enactment of the law n. 219 1981, laying down provisions for the planning and control of building activity, sanctioning, recovery and rehabilitation of illegal construction.
Currently, a large part of the historic center of the city is in poor condition and suitable for conservation. Many structures, in addition to the already mentioned churches of art (fountains, palaces, ancient architecture, sacred shrines, etc.) lie in conditions of extreme abandonment: to deal with this emergency, various citizens' organizations and committees are trying to get UNESCO to intervene.
An agreement signed between the Campania region, the municipality and the Ministry of Cultural Heritage, meant that the European Union allocated 100 million euros in June 2012 to carry out restoration work[4] on the monuments of the historic center most at risk.[5][6]
The Ancient Center
The city has two original ancient nucleuses: the first is the hill of Pizzofalcone on which the city of Partenope was born, while the second is the zone of the
A particularly high number of cultural and artistic resources are on this site: obelisks, monasteries, cloisters, museums, the famous streets of the crib, catacombs, outdoor and underground archaeological excavations with
Only the ancient center, which incorporates the districts of San Giuseppe, Porto, Pendino, Mercato, San Lorenzo and Vicarìa which, more specifically, correspond almost to the area of the decumans of Naples, sees the existence of more than 200 historic churches[7] to which the activity of famous exponents of Italian art are linked. Among the main artists there are: Giotto, Caravaggio, Donatello, Giuseppe Sanmartino, Luca Giordano, Cosimo Fanzago, Luigi Vanvitelli, Jusepe de Ribera, Domenichino, Guido Reni, Tino di Camaino, Marco dal Pino, Simone Martini, Mattia Preti and many others.
During the medieval era, the city was divided into seats. These were: Capuana, Montagna, Nido, Porto, Portanova and Forcella. In this context the city was closed by its walls beyond which there was an absolute prohibition of construction. The characteristic that distinguished the ancient center of Naples, in fact, is the almost foreclosure of the development in extension of the city, thus favoring that "in height". The circumstance that the city rests on tufaceous soil has favored practices of raising existing buildings, drawing the material from the underground quarries already used since the first birth of the city.
However, the shift of political power to the
The opening to the west with the Spanish viceroyalty
The expansion of the city to the west, which took place in the
The royal palace, specifically, was the reason for a real hoarding by the Neapolitan and foreign aristocrats of the empty spaces rising along the road that went directly to the residence of the viceroy, ie
These reforms determined in the city the "reconquest" of the sea which, since the advent of Partenope and until then, was no longer used.
The great buildings of the Bourbon period
With the passage from the Spanish viceroyalty to the
Naples developed its own enlightenment conscience confirming itself as great European capital.
With the advent of the neoclassicism of the early nineteenth century (and also of the eclecticism of the end of the century), the historical center was also extended to the area of Posillipo and Vomero, exploiting these "new" spaces characterized by landscapes of particular beauty and by a large surrounding natural space.
References
Notes
- ^ "Historic Centre of Naples". UNESCO. Retrieved 2018-09-05.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Mazzoleni & Smith 2007
- ^ Patrimonionellascuola.it
- ^ The aforementioned funds were also used for other strategic works such as the works for the new underground and the reorganization of the area Oltremare.
- ^ "Al via riqualificazione centro storico di Napoli". Retrieved August 29, 2012.
- ^ "Napoli: Centro storico, 100 mln fondi Ue per grande museo all'aperto". Retrieved August 29, 2012.
- ^ "Chiesa di Napoli - Sito ufficiale" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 24, 2011. Retrieved September 5, 2012.
- ^ Carlo Knight, Hamilton a Napoli. Cultura, svaghi, civiltà di una grande capitale europea, Napoli Electa 2003
Bibliography
- Mazzoleni, Donatella; Smith, Mark E. (2007). I palazzi di Napoli. Venice: Arsenale Editrice. ISBN 978-88-7743-269-8.
- Strazzullo, Franco (1968). Edilizia e Urbanistica a Napoli dal '500 al '700. Naples: Arturo Berisio Editore. IT\ICCU\NAP\0091570.
