Historical urban community sizes
This article lists historical urban community sizes based on the estimated populations of selected human settlements from 7000 BC – AD 1875, organized by archaeological periods.
Many of the figures are uncertain, especially in ancient times. Estimating population sizes before censuses were conducted is a difficult task.[1]
Neolithic settlements
Town | Location | 7000 BC | 6000 BC | 5000 BC | 4000 BC | 3800 BC | 3700 BC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
'Ain Ghazal
|
Jordan | 2,501[2] | |||||
Beidha | Jordan | 1,000[3] | |||||
Çatalhöyük | Turkey | 1,000[3][2]–10,000[4] | |||||
Cyprus | 300–600 | 2,000 | |||||
Lepenski Vir | Serbia | 150–1,000[12][13][14][15][16][17] | |||||
Nea Nikomedeia
|
Greece | 500–700[18] | |||||
Okoliste
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1,000–3,000[19] | |||||
Vinča-Belo Brdo | Serbia | 2,000–2,500[20][21] | |||||
Sesklo | Greece | 1,000–5,000[22][23][24][25] | |||||
Dobrovody | Ukraine | 16,000[26] | 10,000–16,000[27][28][29] | ||||
Fedorovka
|
Ukraine | 6,000[26] | |||||
Mehrgarh | Pakistan | 1,000–10,000[30] | |||||
Maydanets
|
Ukraine | 10,000[26] | 10,000–46,000[a][31] | ||||
Nebelivka | Ukraine | 17,000[26] | |||||
Talianki | Ukraine | 15,000–25,000–30,000[26][32][33] | 10,000–15,000[34][35][unreliable source?] | ||||
Tell Brak | Syria | 4,000[3] | 5,000[3] | ||||
Uruk | Iraq | 5,000[3] |
Bronze Age
City | Location | 3700 BC | 3400 BC | 3100 BC | 2800 BC | 2600 BC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adab | Iraq | 11,000[36] | ||||
Anshan | Iran | 10,000[36] | 10,000[36] | |||
Bad-tibira | Iraq | 16,000[36] | ||||
Eridu | Iraq | 6,000–10,000[36] | ||||
Habuba Kabira | Syria | 6,000–8,000[36] | ||||
Harappa | Pakistan | 35,000[37] | ||||
Kish | Iraq | 40,000[36] | ||||
Lagash | Iraq | 40,000[38] | ||||
Larak/Larsa | Iraq | 10,000[36] | 10,000[36] | |||
Manika, Greece[39][40][41][42][43][44][45] | Greece | 6,000–15,000 | 6,000–15,000 | |||
Memphis | Egypt | 30,000 | ||||
Mohenjo-daro | Pakistan | 41,250[37] | ||||
Nekhen | Egypt | 5,000–10,000[36] | ||||
Nippur | Iraq | 13,000[36] | ||||
Shahr-i Sokhta
|
Iran | 20,000[2] | ||||
Shuruppak | Iraq | 20,000[36] | ||||
Suheri | 13,000[36] | 10,000[36] | ||||
Susa | Iran | 8,000[3] | ||||
Tell Brak | Syria | 8,000[3] | 22,000[36] | 20,000[36] | ||
Thebes, Greece | Greece | 4,000–6,000[45] | ||||
Umma | Iraq | 26,000[36] | ||||
Ur | Iraq | 6,000[36] | ||||
Uruk | Iraq | 8,000[3] 14,000[36] |
20,000[36] | 40,000[38]–50,000[36] | 80,000[36] | 80,000[38] |
City | Location | 2500 BC | 2300 BC | 2000 BC | 1800 BC | 1600 BC | 1360 BC | 1200 BC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Athens[46][47] | Greece | 10,000 | 10,000–15,000 | |||||
Akrotiri (prehistoric city)[48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] | Greece | 8,000–30,000 | ||||||
Adab | Iraq | 13,000[36] | 10,000[36] | 10,000[36] | 10,000[36] | |||
Akkad | Iraq | 36,000[36] | ||||||
Amarna | Egypt | |||||||
Anshan | Iran | 10,000[36] | 10,000[36] | 10,000[36] | 10,000[36] | |||
Pi-Ramses
|
Egypt | 100,000[38] | 160,000[38] | |||||
Babylon | Iraq | 65,000[3] | 80,000[3] | |||||
Dur-Kurigalzu | Iraq | |||||||
Ebla | Syria | 30,000[36] | ||||||
Erlitou
|
China | 24,000[3]–35,000[36] | ||||||
Harappa | Pakistan | 10,000[36] | ||||||
Hattusa | Turkey | 40,000[56] | 40,000[56] | |||||
Hazor | Israel | |||||||
Heliopolis
|
Egypt | |||||||
Heracleopolis
|
Egypt | |||||||
Isin | Iraq | 40,000[36] | 20,000[36] | |||||
Kerma | Sudan | |||||||
Kesh | Iraq | 11,000[36] | ||||||
Kish | Iraq | 25,000[36] | 10,000[36] | 40,000[38] | ||||
Knossos[48][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66] | Greece | 1,300–2,000 | 18,000 | 20,000 | 30,000 | |||
Lagash | Iraq | 40,000[36] | 10,000[36] | 30,000[36][38] | 10,000[36] | |||
Larak/Larsa | Iraq | 10,000[36] | 40,000[36] | 20,000[36] | ||||
Manika, Greece[45] | Greece | 6,000–15,000 | 6,000–15,000 | |||||
Malia | Greece | 5,000–10,000–12,500[48][65] | ||||||
Mari | Syria | |||||||
Memphis | Egypt | 30,000[36]–35,000[3] | 60,000[3][36][38] | 30,000[36] | 22,000[67] | 32,000[67] | 50,000[67] | |
Mohenjo-daro | Pakistan | 20,000[36] | 20,000[36] | 10,000[36] | ||||
Mozah | 15,000[36] | 15,000[36] | ||||||
Mycenae | Greece | 20,000[68] | 30,000–35,000[62][69] | 30,000[56] | ||||
Namazga-Tepe | Turkmenistan | 14,000[36] | 14,000[36] | |||||
Nekhen | Egypt | 21,000[56] | ||||||
Niniveh
|
Iraq | 23,000[56] | 33,000[56] | |||||
Nippur | Iraq | 20,000[36] | 10,000[36] | 10,000[36] | ||||
Palaikastro | Greece | 18,000[48][65] | ||||||
San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán | Mexico | 7,500[70] | ||||||
Shahr-i Sokhta
|
Iran | 20,000[36] | 20,000[36] | |||||
Shuruppak | Iraq | 17,000[36] | ||||||
Suheri | 10,000[36] | 10,000[36] | 10,000[36] | |||||
Susa | Iran | 25,000[36] | 25,000[36] | |||||
Taosi | China | 10,000[3] | 14,000[3] | |||||
Tell Brak | Syria | 15,000[36] | 15,000[36] | |||||
Tell Churra | 20,000[36] | |||||||
Tell Leilan | Syria | 20,000[36] | 20,000[36] | |||||
Thebes | Egypt | 40,000[36] | 40,000[36] | 80,000[3] | 80,000[3] | |||
Thebes, Greece[45][71][72] | Greece | 4,000–6,000 | 8,000 | |||||
Tiryns[45][73][46][47] | Greece | 1,200–1,800 | 10,000 | 10,000–15,000 | ||||
Umma | Iraq | 34,000[36] | 20,000[36] | 10,000[36] | 20,000[36] | |||
Ur | Iraq | 60,000[3] 65,000[56] |
||||||
Uruk | Iraq | 50,000[3][36] | 75,000[3] | |||||
Yin (Anyang) | China | 50,000[3]–120,000[38] | ||||||
Zabala | Iraq | 10,000[36] | 10,000[36] | 10,000[36] | ||||
Zhengzhou | China | 35,000[3] |
Iron Age
City | Location | 1000 BC | 900 BC | 800 BC | 700 BC | 650 BC | 600 BC | 500 BC | 430 BC | 400 BC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aegina | Greece | 20,000–40,000[74] | 20,000–40,000 | |||||||
Anuradhapura | Sri Lanka | 48,000[56][67] | ||||||||
Anyi | 100,000[38] | 100,000[38] | ||||||||
Athens[64][75][76][77][78] | Greece | 2,500–5,000[75] | 2,500–5,000[75] | 2,500–5,000[75] | 10,000[75] | 20,000[75] | 40,000[75] | 25,000[75] | ||
Agrigento | Italy | 40,000 | 40,000 | |||||||
Argos | Greece | 30,000–60,000[64][76][79][80][81][82] | 30,000–60,000 | |||||||
Ayodhya | India | |||||||||
Babylon | Iraq | 45,000[67]–100,000[b] | 47,000[67] | 60,000[67] | 125,000[3] | 150,000[3] | 200,000[56] | 150,000[3] | ||
Benares
|
India | |||||||||
Capua | Italy | 100,000[83][84] | 100,000 | |||||||
Cerveteri | Italy | 25,000–40,000[85][86][87][88][89] | ||||||||
Chicheng
|
China | |||||||||
Cuicuilco | Mexico | |||||||||
Corinth | Greece | 5,000[75] | 20,000[75] | |||||||
Crotone | Italy | 50,000–80,000[90] | ||||||||
Ecbatana | Iran | |||||||||
Haojing | China | 100,000[b] | 125,000[38] | 125,000[38] | 33,000[56][67] | |||||
Hastinapur | India | |||||||||
Jerusalem | Israel/Palestine | 40,000[56][67] | 49,942 (445 BC)[56] | |||||||
Kamarina | Italy | 20,000 | ||||||||
Kerch | Crimea Ukraine | 40,000[56][67] | ||||||||
Kingchow | China | |||||||||
Kalḫu (Nimrud) | Iraq | 75,000[3] | ||||||||
Kosambi | India | 55,000[67] | ||||||||
Linzi | China | 55,000–100,000[3][38] | 80,000–100,000[67][38] | 65,000–100,000[3][38] | 80,000–100,000[3][38] | 60,000–200,000[67][38] | 100,000–200,000[3][38] | |||
Luoyang | China | 35,000[3][67]–100,000[c][d] | 40,000[3] | 45,000[3]–50,000[67] | 55,000[3]–100,000[38] | 70,000[67]–100,000[38] | 65,000[3]–100,000[38] | 200,000[38] | 200,000[38] | 100,000[3]–240,000[38] |
Marib | Yemen | 45,000[67] | ||||||||
Memphis | Egypt | 35,000–100,000[b][67] | 44,000[67] | 65,000[67] | 100,000[67] | |||||
Metapontum | Italy | 40,000 | ||||||||
Miletus | Turkey | |||||||||
Niniveh
|
Iraq | 39,000[56] | 100,000[3] | 120,000[56] | ||||||
Pataliputra / Patna | India | 400,000[3] | ||||||||
Populonia | Italy | 25,000–40,000[87][88][91][92] | ||||||||
Pyongyang | North Korea | |||||||||
Tarquinia | Italy | 20,000–40,000[87][88][91][92] | ||||||||
Thebes, Greece | Greece | 30,000–60,000[45][71][93][94][95] | 30,000–60,000 | |||||||
Qufu | China | 100,000[38] | 100,000[38] | |||||||
Rome | Italy | 4,440[96] | 24,400–40,000[96][97] | 27,200 | 28,960[97] | |||||
Sais
|
Egypt | |||||||||
San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán | Mexico | 13,000[98] | 13,000[98] | |||||||
Shangqiu | China | 100,000[38] | 130,000[38] | |||||||
Sravasti
|
India | 46,000[56] | ||||||||
Sparta | Greece | 40,000–50,000[99] | ||||||||
Susa | Iran | 40,000[56][67] | 200,000[56][67] | |||||||
Suzhou | China | 100,000[38] | ||||||||
Syracuse | Italy | 24,000–40,000[100][101][102] | 24,000–40,000[76] | 24,000–125,000[67][76] | ||||||
Sybaris | Italy | 100,000[103] | ||||||||
Taranto | Italy | 110,000–150,000[104] | ||||||||
Thebes | Egypt | 50,000[3]–120,000[b] | 50,000[3] | |||||||
Vaisali
|
India | |||||||||
Veii | Italy | 25,000–100,000[87][88][91][92] | ||||||||
Volsinii | Italy | 13,000–40,000[87][88][91][92] | ||||||||
Vulci | Italy | 15,000–40,000[87][88][92] | ||||||||
Xiadu | China | 100,000[38] | 100,000[38] | 320,000[38] | 300,000[38] | |||||
Xintian | China | 100,000[38] | ||||||||
Xinzheng | China | 100,000[38] | ||||||||
Xue | ||||||||||
Yong
|
China | 100,000[38] |
City | Location | 300 BC | 200 BC | 100 BC | AD 1 | AD 100 | AD 200 | AD 300 | AD 361 | AD 400 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alexandria | Egypt | 150,000[3] | 300,000[3][56]–600,000[38] | 400,000[3] | 250,000[67]–500,000[105] | 500,000[105] | 125,000[67]–200,000[56] | |||
Augsburg | Germany | 25,000–50,000 | 25,000–50,000[106] | |||||||
Antioch | Turkey | 120,000[56] | 400,000[75] | 150,000[67]–250,000[107] | 250,000[107] | 150,000[67] | ||||
Anuradhapura | Sri Lanka | 68,000[56][67] | 130,000[56] | 72,000[67] | ||||||
Anyi | 100,000[38] | |||||||||
Athens | Greece | 25,000[75] | 10,000[75] | 10,000[75] | 90,000[108] | 90,000[108] | ||||
Autun | France | 40,000–100,000[109][110] | 40,000–100,000 | |||||||
Arles | France | 10,000[111] | 10,000[111] | 75,000[112] | ||||||
Ayodhya | India | 63,000[67] | ||||||||
Aquileia | Italy | 12,000[113] | 12,000[113] | |||||||
Carnuntum | Austria | 12,000[107]–50,000[114][115] | 12,000[107]–50,000[114][115] | |||||||
Capua | Italy | 100,000 | 100,000[83][84] | 25,000–40,000 | ||||||
Carthage | Tunisia | 150,000–200,000[56] | 100,000[56]–300,000[116] | 300,000[116] | ||||||
Chang'an/Xi'an | China | 100,000–400,000[38][3][56] | 375,000–400,000[3][38] | 246,000–500,000[117][38][3] | 81,000–100,000[56][67][38] | 120,000[3] | 140,000[3] | 80,000[67] | 100,000[38] | |
Chengdu | China | 100,000[38] | 70,000[67] | |||||||
Cổ Loa
|
Vietnam | 40,000[38] | 50,000[38] | |||||||
Byzantium / Constantinople |
Turkey | 15,000 | 20,000 | 150,000 | 200,000 | |||||
Corinth | Greece | 40,000–100,000[75][107][118] | ||||||||
Cologne | Germany | 20,000–40,000[119][120] | 20,000–40,000[119][121][122] | |||||||
Ctesiphon | Iraq | 250,000[67] | ||||||||
Cuicuilco | Mexico | 36,000[67] | ||||||||
Datong | China | 100,000[38] | ||||||||
El Mirador | Guatemala | 200,000[123] | ||||||||
Ephesus | Turkey | 33,600[107] | ||||||||
Izapa | Mexico | 35,000[67] | ||||||||
Kaushambi | India | 90,000-180,000[124] | ||||||||
Kaveri | 59,000[67] | |||||||||
Linzi | China | 125,000–350,000[3][38] | 100,000[38] | 100,000[38] | 100,000[38] | 100,000[38] | ||||
London | UK | 30,000 | 45,000–60,000[125] | |||||||
Lugdunum | France | 25,000–50,000[111][126] | 25,000–50,000[111][126] | |||||||
Luoyang | China | 125,000[3]–240,000[38] | 60,000[67] | 200,000[38] | 420,000[38][67] | 140,000[3]–250,000[38] | 200,000[38] | |||
Mathura | India | |||||||||
Milan | Italy | 30,000–40,000[56] | 100,000 | 25,000–100,000[127][128][129] | ||||||
Monte Albán | Mexico | 5,200[130] | 17,200[130] | 17,200[130] | 17,200[130] | 17,200[130] | ||||
Nanjing | China | 56,000[67] | 78,000[67] | 100,000[38] | 150,000[67] | 300,000[38] | ||||
Nimes
|
France | 40,000–60,000[131][132][133] | ||||||||
Ostia Antica | Italy | 25,000[106]–40,000[113] | 25,000–50,000[106][113][134] | |||||||
Paithan | India | 60,000[67] | 84,000[67] | |||||||
Patala | Pakistan | 73,000[67] | ||||||||
Pataliputra | India | 350,000[56]–400,000 - 1,000,000[124] | 69,000[56][67] | 250,000[56] | ||||||
Peshawar | Pakistan | 120,000[56] | ||||||||
Philippi | Greece | 100,000[135] | ||||||||
Pingcheng | China | 88,000[67] | 200,000[3] | |||||||
Pozzuoli | Italy | 30,000–50,000 | 30,000[116]–50,000[106] | |||||||
Pyay | Myanmar | 69,000[67] | ||||||||
Qufu | China | 100,000[38]–125,000[3] | ||||||||
Rajgir | India | 100,000[124] | ||||||||
Rhodes[136][137][138] | Greece | 100,000–200,000 | 100,000 | |||||||
Rome | Italy | 100,000[97] | 150,000–160,000[67][56] | 400,000[3] | 1,000,000[38][3] | 1,000,000[3][38] | 1,000,000[3] | 800,000[3] | 800,000[3] | 800,000[3] |
Salona | Croatia | 25,000[119] | 25,000[119] | |||||||
Seleucia | Iraq | 200,000[67] | 400,000[75] | 250,000 (CE 2)[56] | 150,000[56]–250,000[67] | |||||
Shangqiu | China | 100,000[38] | ||||||||
Srughna | India | 100,000[124] | ||||||||
Suzhou | China | 100,000[38] | 66,000[67] | 95,000[67] | 58,000[67] | |||||
Syracuse | Italy | 50,000–100,000[76] | 90,000[139] | 90,000[139] | ||||||
Taxila | Pakistan | 60,000[67] | ||||||||
Teotihuacán
|
Mexico | 60,000–80,000[140] | 90,000[67] | |||||||
Thessaloniki | Greece | 30,000[108] | 30,000[108] | |||||||
Tikal | Guatemala | 100,000[141] | ||||||||
Tosali | India | 16,000-47,000[124] | ||||||||
Tres Zapotes | Mexico | 30,000[67] | ||||||||
Trier | Germany | 10,000[119] | 10,000[119]–50,000 | 50,000–100,000[106][112] | 60,000 | |||||
Ujjain | India | 60,000[124] | 94,000[67] | 80,000[67] | ||||||
Vaishali | India | 28,000-82,000[124] | ||||||||
Vidisha | India | ~100,000[124] | ||||||||
Wanxian
|
China | 100,000[38] | ||||||||
Xiadu | China | 300,000[38] | ||||||||
Xianyang | China | 100,000[38] | 100,000–300,000[56] | |||||||
Xinzheng | China | 120,000[38]–125,000[3] | ||||||||
Xuchang | China | 140,000[3] | ||||||||
Ye
|
China | 140,000[3] | 120,000[67] | 100,000[38] |
Middle Ages
City | Location | 500 | 600 | 622 | 700 | 775 | 800 | 900 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aleppo | Syria | 72,000[67] | ||||||
Athens | Greece | 110,000[142] | ||||||
Alexandria | Egypt | 94,000[67]–200,000[56] | 216,000[56] | 60,000–100,000 | 60,000–100,000 | |||
Angkor | Cambodia | 80,000[143] | 100,000[143] | 90,000[67]–150,000[143] | ||||
Anhilpur | India | 80,000[67] | ||||||
Antioch | Turkey | 150,000[67] | ||||||
Anuradhapura | Sri Lanka | 70,000[67] | ||||||
Arles | France | 10,000[144] | ||||||
Ayodhya | India | 75,000[67] | ||||||
Badami | India | 70,000[67] | ||||||
Baghdad | Iraq | 175,000[3][67] | 150,000[3] | |||||
Bakhalal | Mexico | 45,000[67] | ||||||
Basra | Iraq | 100,000[67] | ||||||
Benares
|
India | 75,000-210,000[145] | 49,000[67] | 59,000[67] | ||||
Carthage | Tunisia | 100,000[56][67] | ||||||
Chang'an / Xi'an | China | 95,000[67][38]–400,000[56] | 400,000[38]–600,000[3] | 400,000[67] | 1,000,000[38] | 1,000,000[38][56][e] | 600,000[67]–1,000,000[38][3] | 100,000[38]–750,000[67][3] |
Chengdu | China | 94,000[67] | 100,000[38] | 100,000[38] | ||||
Chenla | Cambodia | 70,000[67] | ||||||
Chunar | India | 72,000[67] | ||||||
Constantinople | Turkey | 400,000[3]–500,000[56][146] | 150,000[3] | 150,000[67] | 125,000[3] | 40,000–50,000[3] | 40,000–50,000[3] | 150,000[3] |
Copán | Honduras | 63,000[67] | ||||||
Cologne | Germany | 15,000–20,000[147] | 21,000[147] | |||||
Córdoba | Spain | 135,000[68] | 160,000[67] | 110,000[148]–175,000[3] | ||||
Ctesiphon | Iraq | 400,000[67] | 200,000[149]–500,000[67] | |||||
Dali
|
China | 90,000[67]–100,000[38] | ||||||
Đại La /Hanoi | Vietnam | 25,000[150] | ||||||
Datong | China | 200,000[38] | ||||||
Dorestad | Netherlands | 1,000–2,500 | 1,000–2,500 | |||||
El Pilar | Guatemala | 182,600[151] | ||||||
El Tajín | Mexico | 40,000[67] | 40,000[67] | 50,000[67] | ||||
Fanyang (Youzhou)
|
China | 100,000[38] | ||||||
Florence | Italy | 1,000 | 2,000–2,500 | 5,000 | ||||
Fustat | Egypt | 100,000[67] | 150,000[67] | |||||
Gao | Mali | 72,000[67] | ||||||
Granada | Spain | 20,000 | ||||||
Guangzhou | China | 200,000[38] | 200,000[38] | |||||
Gwalior | India | 65,000[67] | ||||||
Huari/Wari | Peru | 70,000[152] | ||||||
Jiankang | China | 500,000[38] | ||||||
Jinyang (Taiyuan) | China | 100,000[38] | 100,000[38] | |||||
Kannauj | India | 230,000 | 250,000 | 250,000 | 230,000[67] | 200,000[67] | ||
Kanchi
|
India | 56,000[67] | 70,000[67] | 51,000[67] | ||||
Kyoto | Japan | 200,000[153] | 100,000–200,000[67][38] | 200,000[38][56] | ||||
Laon | France | 28,000[154] | ||||||
Lhasa | China | 100,000[38][67] | ||||||
London | UK | 10,000–12,000 | ||||||
Luoyang | China | 200,000[67]–500,000[38] | 500,000[38] | 200,000[67] | 500,000[38] | 300,000[67]–400,000[38] | 150,000[67]–200,000[38] | |
Lyon | France | 12,000[155] | ||||||
Madurai | India | 70,000[67] | 70,000[67] | |||||
Mainz | Germany | 20,000[147] | 30,000[147] | |||||
Mandsaur | India | 63,000[67] | ||||||
Manyakheta
|
India | 100,000[67]–200,000[156] | ||||||
Metz | France | 25,000[157] | 14,000[157] | |||||
Milan | Italy | 30,000 | 25,000[158] | 30,000 (875)[159] | ||||
Naples | Italy | 30,000[159] | 30,000[159] | 30,000[159] | ||||
Nanjing | China | 150,000[67]–500,000[38] | ||||||
Nara
|
Japan | 100,000[38] | ||||||
Orléans | France | 10,000[144] | ||||||
Padua | Italy | 15,000[144] | ||||||
Paris | France | 10,000–30,000[56] | 20,000 | |||||
Patna / Pataliputra | India | 500,000 | 300,000 | 100,000 | 74,000[67] | |||
Pavia | Italy | 15,000–20,000[56] | ||||||
Poitiers | France | 5,000–9,000[56] | 5,000–9,000[56] | 5,000–9,000[56] | 10,000[56] | 10,000[56] | ||
Preslav
|
Bulgaria | 40,000–60,000[68] | ||||||
Prambanan | Indonesia | 60,000[67] | 62,000[67] | |||||
Provins | France | 10,000 | ||||||
Pyay | Myanmar | 73,000[67] | 100,000[67] | |||||
Pliska | Bulgaria | 34,000[160] | ||||||
Ray | Iran | 68,000[67] | ||||||
Regensburg | Germany | 25,000[147] | 25,000 | |||||
Reims | France | 20,000[56] | ||||||
Rennes | France | 10,000 | ||||||
Rome | Italy | 100,000 | 50,000[161]–90,000[162] | 50,000[161] | 50,000[161] | 50,000[161] | 50,000[163][56] | 20,000–30,000[161] |
Rouen | France | 10,000 | ||||||
Seville | Spain | 20,000 | 40,000 | 35,000 | 35,000 | 40,000–52,000[68] | ||
Sialkot | Pakistan | 85,000[67] | ||||||
Speyer | Germany | 20,000 | ||||||
Suzhou | China | 70,000[67] | 120,000[38] | 100,000[38] | 84,000[67]–100,000[38] | 81,000[67]–100,000[38] | ||
Teotihuacán
|
Mexico | 125,000[67][140] | 60,000[67] | |||||
Thessaloniki | Greece | 100,000 | 40,000 | 40,000 | 50,000 | 50,000[68] | ||
Tikal | Guatemala | 45,000[67] | 40,000[67] | |||||
Toledo | Spain | 25,000 | 28,000 | |||||
Toulouse | France | 10,000[56] | ||||||
Tours | France | 17,000[56] | 20,000[56] | |||||
Tula | Mexico | 41,000[67] | 50,000[67] | |||||
Trier | Germany | 10,000[56] | 15,000[56] | 15,000–25,000[147] | ||||
Venice | Italy | 37,000[56] | ||||||
Verona | Italy | 30,000[56] | 25,000 | |||||
Worms | Germany | 10,000 | ||||||
Wuchang | China | 100,000[38] | 84,000[67] | |||||
Ye
|
China | 200,000[38] |
City | Location | 1000 | 1100 | 1150 | 1200 | 1250 | 1300 | 1350 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Angkor | Cambodia | 200,000[67] 400,000[143] |
125,000[67] 550,000[143] |
140,000[67] 600,000[143] |
150,000[67] 650,000[143] |
650,000[143] | ||
Amalfi | Italy | 35,000[164]–80,000[68] | 10,000–15,000[56] | |||||
Ani | Turkey | 100,000[165]–200,000[166] | ||||||
Anhilpur | India | 100,000[67] | 100,000[67] | 135,000[67] | ||||
Antioch | Turkey | 40,000 | 40,000 | |||||
L'Aquila | Italy | 40,000 | ||||||
Bagan | Myanmar | 100,000[67] | 150,000[67] | 180,000[67] | 180,000[67] | |||
Baghdad | Iraq | 125,000[56] | 150,000[67] | 250,000[3] | 150,000[56] | |||
Beijing | China | 130,000[67] | 140,000[67] | 401,000[67] | 400,000[67] | |||
Berlin | Germany | 2,400 | 1,200–2,000 | 4,000–7,000 | ||||
Bologna | Italy | 50,000 | 50,000 | 23,000 | ||||
Braunschweig | Germany | 10,000[147] | 21,000[56] | |||||
Bruges | Belgium | 12,000[147] | 15,000[56] | 25,000[56] | 36,000[56] | 50,000[56] | ||
Cahokia | Illinois, USA | 10,200–15,300[167] | 25,000[168] | 20,000–30,000[169] | ||||
Cairo | Egypt | 135,000[67] | 150,000[67] | 175,000[67] | 200,000[67]–250,000[3] | 300,000[67] | 400,000[3][67] | 350,000[67] |
Chang'an / Xi'an | China | 118,000[67] | 114,000[67] | |||||
Chartres | France | 7,000 | ||||||
Chunar | India | 66,000[67] | ||||||
Cologne | Germany | 21,000[170] | 25,000–35,000[56] | 32,000–60,000[171] | 52,000–60,000[170] | 40,000–60,000[121][122][171] | 57,000 (1333)[170] | |
Constantinople | Turkey | 150,000[3] | 200,000[67]–250,000[3] | 200,000[67] | 150,000[67]–250,000[3] | 100,000[172] | 150,000[172] | 80,000[172] |
Córdoba | Spain | 110,000[148][3] | 60,000 (1103)[173] | 60,000[173] | 60,000[173] | 40,000[173] | ||
Cuttack | India | 100,000[67] | 90,000[67] | 90,000[67] | ||||
Dali
|
China | 90,000[67] 100,000[38] |
100,000[67] | |||||
Delhi | India | 10,000[174] | 60,000[174] | 80,000[67] | 100,000[67][174] | 125,000[174] | ||
Dhar | India | 80,000[67] | ||||||
Dwarasamudra
|
India | 30,000 | 120,000 | 150,000 | ||||
Edessa | Turkey | 25,000 | ||||||
Erfurt | Germany | 10,000[147] | 21,000[56] | 32,000[56] | ||||
Fanyang (Youzhou)
|
China | 100,000[38] | ||||||
Fes
|
Morocco | 75,000[56] | 125,000[67] | 160,000[67] | 200,000[67]–250,000[56] | 200,000[67] | 150,000[67]–200,000[56] | 125,000[67] |
Florence | Italy | 13,000 | 20,000 | 30,000 | 50,000–110,000[175] | 60,000–120,000[56][176] | 40,000 | |
Gangaikonda Cholapuram | India | 200,000 | 300,000 | 300,000 | 250,000 | 150,000 | ||
Gaur
|
India | 60,000[67] | 90,000[67] | 100,000[67] | ||||
Genoa | Italy | 15,000[56]–80,000[175] | 30,000[56] | 100,000[177] | 100,000[56] | |||
Ghent | Belgium | 8,000[147] | 12,000[56] | 25,000[56] | 65,000[178] | 42,000[56]–65,000 | 57,000[56] | |
Guangzhou | China | 140,000[67] | 150,000[67] | 150,000[67] | ||||
Hangzhou | China | 80,000[67] | 90,000[67] | 145,000[67]–800,000[3] | 255,000[67]–1,000,000[3] | 320,000[67]–1,000,000[38] | 432,000[67]–800,000[3] | 432,000[67] |
Jinzhou | China | 85,000[67] | ||||||
Kaifeng | China | 400,000[38][56]–1,000,000[3] | 442,000[67]–1,000,000[3] | 150,000[67] | 1,000,000[38] | |||
Kalburgi
|
India | 70,000[67] | ||||||
Kalyan
|
India | 150,000[67] | 125,000[67] | |||||
Kannauj | India | 72,000[67] | 80,000[67] | 92,000[67] | ||||
Kalinjar )
|
India | 100,000[56] | 50,000[67] | |||||
Khambhat | India | 50,000[67] | 60,000[67] | |||||
Kyiv | Ukraine | 45,000[56] | 48,000[56]–100,000[164] | 36,000–50,000[56] | ||||
Kollam | India | 60,000[67] | ||||||
Kyoto | Japan | 175,000[38]–300,000[56] | ||||||
Laon | France | 25,000[154] | ||||||
London[179] | UK | 20,000–25,000 | 10,000–20,000 | 20,000–30,000 | 80,000–100,000[180] | 25,000–50,000 | ||
Lübeck | Germany | 6,000 | 18,800 | |||||
Madurai | India | 60,000[67] | ||||||
Mainz | Germany | 30,000[56] | 30,000[56] | 25,000[56] | 25,000[56] | 25,000[56] | 24,000[56] | |
Manyakheta
|
India | 71,000[67] | ||||||
Marrakech
|
Morocco | 150,000[67] | 150,000[67] | 150,000[67] | 125,000[67] | |||
Marseille | France | 6,000–7,000[56] | 25,000[56] | 40,000[56] | ||||
Merv | Turkmenistan | 200,000[67] | 70,000[56] | |||||
Metz | France | 16,000 | 21,000[56] | 23,000–27,000[56] | 32,000[56] | |||
Milan | Italy | 15,000[161] | 45,000 | 58,000 (1170)[56] | 60,000[56]–100,000[161] | 150,000 | 150,000–200,000[180][161][181][182] | 50,000–200,000[175][181][182][128] |
Montpellier | France | 40,000–50,000[180] | ||||||
Nabadwip | India | 85,000[67] | ||||||
Nanjing | China | 130,000[67] | 130,000[67] | 130,000[67] | 95,000[67] | |||
Naples | Italy | 30,000[56] | 30,000[56] | 30,000[56] | 30,000[56] | 30,000–36,000 (1278)[56] | 40,000[56]–100,000 | 60,000 (1340)[56] |
Nishapur | Iran | 125,000[67] | ||||||
Norwich | UK | 20,000–25,000 | ||||||
Padua | Italy | 15,000[180] | 35,000[180] | |||||
Palermo | Italy | 60,000[148]–75,000 | 150,000 | 150,000[67] | 50,000 (1277)[56] | 40,000[56]–100,000[180] | ||
Paris | France | 20,000[183] | 50,000–65,000[184][185][186][187] | 110,000[183] | 160,000[67] | 200,000–270,000 (1328)[188] | 215,000[67] | |
Polonnaruwa | Sri Lanka | 75,000[67] | ||||||
Prague | Czech Republic | 10,000[147] | 22,000[56] | 40,000[56] | 50,000[56] | |||
Puri | India | 78,000[67] | 72,000[67] | |||||
Ramavati | 75,000[67] | |||||||
Regensburg | Germany | 40,000[147][164] | 30,000 | |||||
Rome | Italy | 35,000[56][164] | 30,000–40,000[161] | 30,000–40,000[161] | 40,000[161] | 40,000–50,000[161] | 15,000[189]–17,000[56] | |
Rouen | France | 20,000[56] | 20,000[56] | 30,000–40,000[56] | 50,000[56] | 40,000–50,000[56][180] | ||
Salerno | Italy | 50,000[190] | 50,000[56] | 50,000 | 10,000 (1320)[56] | |||
Sarai | Russia | 120,000[67] | ||||||
Seville | Spain | 52,000 | 40,000–50,000[180] | |||||
Shangjing | China | 140,000[38] | ||||||
Speyer | Germany | 25,000 | 30,000[56] | 30,000[56] | 30,000[56] | 30,000[56] | 25,000[56] | |
Suzhou | China | 100,000[38] | 96,000[67] | |||||
Tabriz | Iran | 125,000[67] | 100,000[67] | |||||
Thanjavur | India | 200,000[67] | 250,000 | 200,000 | ||||
Thăng Long/Hanoi
|
Vietnam | 30,000[150] | 40,000[150] | |||||
Thessaloniki | Greece | 40,000[56] | 40,000[56] | 40,000[56] | 30,000[56] | 50,000[56]–100,000[191] | 50,000–150,000[164][192] | |
Toledo | Spain | 37,000 | 35,000 | 42,000 | ||||
Toulouse | France | 35,000 | ||||||
Trier | Germany | 20,000[147] | 20,000[56] | 20,000[56] | 25,000[56] | |||
Venice | Italy | 45,000–60,000[127][193][194][195] | 58,000 | 64,000–70,000[56] | 70,000–80,000[181][56] | 45,000[177] | 100,000–120,000[67][181] | 65,228 (1363) |
Veliky Novgorod | Russia | 10,000–18,000 | 20,000–40,000 | 50,000[196][197] | ||||
Verona | Italy | 10,000 | 20,000–25,000 | 20,000–25,000 | 35,000–40,000 | |||
Vijayanagar | India | 200,000 | ||||||
Warangal | India | 63,000[67] | 80,000[67] | |||||
Worms | Germany | 20,000[147] | 28,000[56] | 25,000[56] | 20,000[56] | |||
York | UK | 8,000[180] | 23,000[180] | |||||
Ypres | Belgium | 40,000–200,000[198] | 30,000[56] |
City | 1400 | 1450 | 1500 | 1550 | 1575 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aachen | 15,000[199] | ||||
Adrianople / Edirne
|
28,000[56] | 85,000[56] | 125,000[56] | 160,000[56] | 183,000[56] |
Agra | 250,000 | 500,000 | |||
Ahmedabad | 70,000[56] | 80,000[56]–100,000[67] | 140,000[67]–175,000[56] | 300,000 | |
Ahmednagar | 70,000[67] | ||||
Alessandria | 8,000[200] | ||||
Antwerp | 18,000 (1374) | 20,000 (1444) | 40,000[199] | 90,000[199] | 104,984 (1568)[56][67] |
Asti | 8,000[200] | ||||
Augsburg | 14,000 (1408)[201] | 17,000 (1471)[201] | 20,000[199] | 45,000[199] | |
Ayutthaya
|
150,000[202] | 150,000[202] | 10,000 (1569)[202] | ||
Bago
|
150,000[67] | 175,000[67] | |||
Beijing | 150,000[67] | 600,000[67] | 672,000[67] | 690,000[67] | 706,000[67] |
Bologna | 40,000[203] | 55,000[200] | 61,731 (1569)[203][200] | 72,395 (1588)[203] | |
Brescia | 27,000[203] | 30,000 (1440)[203] | 49,000[200] | 41,000[200] | |
Bursa | 95,000[56] | 130,000[67] | |||
Bruges | 37,000[181] | 25,000 | 30,000[199] | 35,000[199] | 29,000 (1584)[204] |
Cairo | 125,000–360,000[3][67] | 380,000[67] | 400,000[3][56] | 360,000[67] | 275,000[67] |
Chan Chan | 60,000–100,000[205] | 5,000–10,000[206] | |||
Chang'an / Xi'an | 150,000[56] | 150,000[56] | 127,000[67] | 150,000[56] | |
Cologne | 40,000[56] | 30,000[199] | 35,000[199] | 37,000[56] | |
Como | 10,000[200] | 10,000[200] | |||
Constantinople / Istanbul | 75,000[56] | 40,000–50,000[192] | 200,000[56] | 660,000[67] | 680,000[67] |
Crema | 11,000[200] | ||||
Cremona | 35,000[207] | 40,000[200] | 34,000[200] | ||
Cuneo | 6,000[200] | ||||
Cuttack | 75,000[67] | 100,000[67] | 140,000[67] | 90,000[67] | |
Cusco | 45,000[208] | ||||
Delhi | 80,000[67]–100,000[174] | 160,000[174] | 160,000[174] | ||
Fes
|
125,000[67] | 150,000[56] | 130,000[67] | ||
Florence | 45,000–61,000[56][175][209] | 54,000 (1470)[56] | 55,000–70,000[190][175][210] | 59,216 (1562)[56] | |
Fossano | 9,000[200] | ||||
Gao | 60,000[67] | ||||
Gaur
|
150,000[67] | 200,000[67] | |||
Ghent | 70,000[56] | 40,000[199] | 50,000[199] | ||
Genoa | 80,000–100,000[175][176] | 120,000 (1460)[56] | 60,000[200] | 65,000[200] | |
Granada | 100,000[56] | 165,000[67] | 70,000[190][56] | ||
Guangzhou | 150,000[67] | 175,000[67] | 150,000[67] | 160,000[67] | 170,000[67] |
Gwalior | 80,000[67] | ||||
Hangzhou | 235,000[67] | 250,000[67] | 250,000[56] | 260,000[67] | 260,000[67] |
Hanoi | 50,000[150] | ||||
Jaunpur | 100,000[67] | ||||
Kalburgi
|
90,000[67] | ||||
Kano | 50,000[67] | ||||
Khambhat | 60,000[67] | ||||
Kollam | 60,000[67] | ||||
Lodi | 9,000[200] | ||||
London[179] | 45,000[56] | 75,000[56] | 40,000[211] | 80,000[211] | |
Lyon | 20,000–35,000[56] | 60,000[56] | 50,000[212] | 70,000[212] | |
Lübeck | 17,200 | 21,568 | 25,444 | 22,452 | |
Magdeburg | 20,000[56] | 24,000[56] | 18,000[213] | 40,000[56] | |
Mandu | 70,000[67] | ||||
Mantua | 28,000[200] | 38,000[200] | |||
Milan | 125,000[177][181] | 110,000[56] | 100,000[200] | 69,000[200] | 115,000 (1574) |
Modena | 18,000[200] | 16,000[200] | |||
Nanjing | 487,000[67] | 150,000[67] | 157,000[67] | 182,000[67] | 188,000[67] |
Naples | 40,000–100,000[56][176] | 60,000 (1435)[56] | 125,000[214]–150,000[215] | 212,000[215] | 215,000[67] |
Novara | 7,000[200] | ||||
Nuremberg | 18,000[56] | 25,982 (1449)[56] | 36,000[213] | 40,000[213] | |
Oyo-Ile
|
150,000 | 60,000[67] | |||
Padua | 27,000[200] | 32,000[200] | |||
Paris | 100,000 (1422)[216] | 150,000[67] | 100,000[212] | 130,000[212] | 220,000[67] |
Parma | 19,000[200] | 25,000[200] | |||
Pavia | 16,000[200] | 13,000[200] | |||
Piacenza | 27,000[200] | ||||
Prague | 40,000 | 30,000 | |||
Rome | 33,000[217] | 33,500 (1458)[217] | 38,000[217]–55,000[215] | 45,000[215] | 80,000 (1580) |
Rouen | 40,000[212] | 65,000[212] | |||
Samarkand | 130,000[67] | ||||
Seoul | 100,000[56] | 125,000[67] | 150,000[56] | 125,000[56] | |
Seville | 15,000 (1384)[218] | 60,000[218] | 65,000 | 109,000 (1565)[218] | |
Suzhou | 129,000[67] | ||||
Tabriz | 150,000[67] | 200,000[67] | 250,000[67] | ||
Tenochtitlan/Mexico City | 200,000-400,000[219][220][221] | 60,000[56] | |||
Texcoco
|
60,000[67] | ||||
Venice | 85,000–200,000[175][176] | 150,000 (1423)[181] | 100,000[200] | 158,000[200] | 134,871 (1581) |
Verona | 14,800 | 38,000[200] | 52,000[200] | ||
Vijayanagar | 400,000[67] | 550,000[67] | 500,000[222] - 1,000,000[223] |
Early Modern era
City | 1600 | 1650 | 1700 | 1750 | 1800 | 1825 | 1850 | 1875 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aachen | 14,171 (1601) | 12,000[199] | 15,000[199] | 24,000[199] | 35,428 | 56,190 (1849)[201] | 79,606 | |
Adrianople/Edirne
|
160,000[56] | 132,000[56] | 93,000[56] | 96,000[56] | 100,000[56] | 125,000[56] | 85,000[56] | |
Alexandria | 15,000 (1693) | 6,000 (1777) | 4,000 (1798) | 12,528 (1828) | 138,000 | 212,000[224] | ||
Antwerp | 47,000[199] | 70,000[199] | 70,000[199] | 46,000[199] | 60,000[199] | 88,000[225] | 127,000[225] | |
Agra | 500,000[56] | 660,000[56] | 60,000[56] | 108,000[56] | 149,008 (1872)[226] | |||
Ahmedabad | 300,000[56] | 380,000[56] | 400,000[67] | 120,000[56] | 89,000[56] | 87,000 (1824) | 94,390 (1846) | 116,873 (1872)[226] |
Amsterdam | 59,551[227] | 176,873[227] | 235,224 | 233,952[67] | 203,485 | 197,231 (1820) | 223,700[225] | 289,000[224] |
Augsburg | 48,000[199] | 21,000[199] | 21,000[199] | 31,000[201] | 28,000[199] | 35,000[201] | 57,210 | |
Ayutthaya
|
100,000[202] | 125,000[228] | 150,000[202] | 150,000[202] | 30,000[202] | |||
Baltimore | 26,514 | 80,620 (1830) | 169,054 | 299,000[224] | ||||
Barcelona | 64,000 | 64,000 | 73,000 | 70,000 | 120,000 | 120,000 | 167,000 | 240,000[224] |
Beijing | 706,000[56] | 470,000[67] | 650,000[56] | 900,000[67] | 1,100,000[38][56] | 1,350,000[67] | 1,648,000[67] | 1,310,000[56] |
Berlin | 25,000[199] | 12,000[199] | 55,000[199] | 113,289[229] | 172,132[229] | 220,277 | 446,000 | 1,045,000[224] |
Birmingham | 2,000[211] | 4,000[211] | 7,000[211] | 23,688[230] | 73,670 (1801)[230] | 122,000 | 294,000 | 480,000[224] |
Bombay | 100,000 | 163,000 (1826) | 718,000[224] | |||||
Bordeaux | 40,000[231] | 40,000[231] | 50,000[231] | 67,000[231] | 88,000[231] | 142,000[232] | 225,000[224] | |
Boston | 6,700 | 20,000 | 35,248 | 61,392 (1830) | 202,261 | 450,000[224] | ||
Breslau (Wrocław)
|
33,000–40,000[56][233] | 37,000[56] | 40,000[56] | 52,000[56] | 64,520[56] | 89,500 (1831) | 114,000[56] | 239,050[56] |
Bristol | 10,549[234] | 15,000-20,000[234] | 25,000[234] | 43,275[235] | 62,452[235] | 94,180[235] | 137,528[235] | 206,874 (1881)[235] |
Brussels | 55,000[56] | 70,000[56] | 70,000[56] | 55,000[56]–60,000[225] | 66,297[56][225] | 208,000[56]–251,000[225] | 327,000[224] | |
Bucharest | 60,000[236] | 50,000[236] | 25,000[236] | 34,000[236] | 104,000[236] | 177,646 (1878)[237] | ||
Budapest | 25,000[238] | 24,000[238] | 54,000[238] | 156,506[238] | 325,000[224] | |||
Cairo | 200,000[67] | 350,000[239] | 350,000[239] | 300,000[239] | 210,960 | 257,783 | 267,160 | 345,028 |
Calcutta | 200,000 | 230,000 (1822) | 680,000[224] | |||||
Chicago | 100 (1830) | 29,963 | 405,000[224] | |||||
Cologne | 40,000[199] | 45,000[199] | 42,000[199] | 43,000[199][225] | 42,000[199] | 59,049 | 94,781 (1849)[225] | 135,371 |
Copenhagen | 40,000[56] | 29,000 | 62,000[56] | 93,000[225] | 101,000[225] | 108,000[56] | 150,000 | 241,000[224] |
Danzig
|
50,000[213] | 70,000[213] | 50,000[213] | 46,000[213] | 40,000[213] | 61,900 | 65,000[56] | 90,500 (1874) |
Delhi | 200,000[174] | 500,000[174] | 100,000[174] | 125,000[174] | 150,000[174] | 156,000[174] | 154,417 (1872)[240] | |
Dhaka | 200,000[56] | 200,000[56] | 200,000[56] | 135,000[56] | 110,000[56] | 66,989 (1830)[56] | 60,617[56] | 51,536 (1869)[56] |
Dresden | 14,793 (1603) | 16,000 (1648) | 21,298 (1699) | 63,209 (1755) | 61,794 | 61,886 (1830) | 94,092 (1849) | 197,295[224] |
Dublin | 5,000[241] | 17,000[241] | 60,000[241]–80,000[242] | 90,000[241]–128,570 (1753)[242] | 167,899 (1802)[241] | 194,000[243] | 263,000[244] | 310,000[224] |
Edinburgh | 35,000 | 55,000 | 82,000 | 145,000 | 194,000 | 274,000[224] | ||
Edo (Tokyo) | 60,000[67] | 430,000 | 688,000[67] | 509,000[56] | 685,000[67] | 530,000[56] | 567,000[56] | 780,000[224] |
Esfahān
|
125,000[56] | 350,000[67] | 350,000[67] | 60,000[56] | 50,000[56] | 60,000[56] | 76,088 (1870) | |
Genoa | 71,000[200] | 90,000[200] | 80,000[200] | 87,000[200] | 91,000[200] | 83,569 (1822) | 100,696 | 130,269 (1872) |
Glasgow[245] | 7,000 | 14,000 | 14,000 | 23,500[225] | 77,000[225] | 170,000 | 346,000 | 635,000[224] |
Guangzhou | 180,000[67] | 200,000[67] | 200,000[67] | 400,000[67] | 800,000[67] | 900,000[67] | 875,000[67] | 944,000[56] |
Hangzhou | 270,000[67] | 281,000[67] | 303,000[67] | 340,000[67] | 387,000[67] | 410,000[67] | 700,000[56] | 50,000 (1864) |
Hanoi | 40,000[150] | 100,000[246] | 100,000[246] | 75,000[246] | 81,000[246] | 51,000[150] | 255,000[247] | |
Huế | 60,000[150] | 50,325[150] | ||||||
Ho Chi Minh City/Saigon | 24,000 | 50,000[150] | 50,000[150] | 180,661 (1902)[248] | ||||
Hyderabad | 80,000[249] | 90,000[228] | 200,000[249] | 225,000[249] | 200,000[249] | 200,000[249] | 200,000[249] | 350,000[249] |
Iași (Jassy) | 20,000[236] | 20,000[236] | 50,000[236] | 72,000 (1877)[250] | ||||
Constantinople/Istanbul | 400,000–700,000[3][67] | 700,000[67] | 600,000–700,000[3][67] | 625,000[67] | 570,000[67] | 675,000[67] | 785,000[67] | 827,750 (1874) |
Hamburg | 40,000[233] | 75,000 | 70,000[56] | 75,000–90,000[251][56] | 130,000[251] | 124,838 (1830) | 193,000[56] | 348,000[224] |
Kagoshima | 50,000 | 51,000[56] | 57,000[56] | 67,000[67] | 72,350[56] | 72,000[56] | 89,374 (1873) | |
Kanazawa
|
50,000[56] | 55,106[56] | 67,000[67] | 78,000[56] | 97,000[56] | 103,000[56] | 116,000[56] | 109,685 (1873) |
Kyoto | 300,000[67] | 350,000[252] | 350,000[253][67] | 362,000[244] | 377,000[254] | 350,000[243] | 323,000[244] | 238,663 (1873)[255] |
Königsberg | 40,000 (1663) | 40,600 (1708) | 60,000[211] | 59,000[211] | 67,125 | 79,887 (1852) | 122,636 | |
Lahore | 350,000[56] | 200,000[56] | 94,000[56] | 99,000 (1872)[255] | ||||
Leipzig | 20,000 | 14,000 (1648) | 15,653 (1699) | 35,000 | 32,146 | 41,506 | 62,374 (1849) | 209,000[224] |
Lisbon | 110,000[56] | 165,000 (1639)[56] | 188,000[56] | 148,000–213,000[251][56] | 180,000–237,000[251][56] | 249,000[56] | 240,000–259,000[251][56] | 235,000 (1870)[251] |
Liverpool | 5,714 | 22,000[251] | 77,653 (1801)[251] | 170,000[56] | 375,955 (1851)[256] | 650,000[224] | ||
London | 200,000[211] | 400,000[211] | 575,000[211] | 675,000[211] | 865,000[211] | 1,335,000[67] | 2,320,000[67] | 4,241,000[67] |
Lyon | 40,000[212] | 75,000[212] | 97,000[212] | 114,000[251] | 102,167 (1793) | 115,841 (1820) | 254,000 | 331,000[224] |
Lübeck | 22,570 | 31,068 | 19,978 | 17,644 | 24,631 | 25,600 | 26,098 | 44,799 |
Madras | 15,000 | 55,000 | 125,000 | 172,000 | 310,000 | 400,000[224] | ||
Madrid | 49,000[257] | 130,000[257] | 110,000[257] | 109,000[251][257] | 167,000[257] | 181,400 (1826)[56] | 263,000[251][56] | 407,000[224] |
Manchester | 5,000[211] | 9,000[211] | 18,000[211] | 70,000[211] | 155,000 | 412,000 | 590,000[224] | |
Marseille | 40,000[212] | 66,000[212] | 75,000[212] | 68,000[212][251] | 78,000[212] | 119,000[56] | 193,000[56] | 316,000[224] |
Mexico City | 75,000[56] | 90,000[56] | 100,000[56] | 110,000[56] | 128,000[56] | 176,000[56] | 170,000[256][56] | 250,000[56] |
Milan[177] | 120,000[200] | 100,000[200] | 124,000[200] | 123,618[56][251][200] | 134,528[56][200] | 168,000[56] | 193,000[56] | 277,000[224] |
Moscow | 80,000[56] | 200,000 (1638) | 130,000[56] | 130,000–161,000[251][56] | 238,000[56] | 241,500 | 373,800[256] | 601,969 (1871) |
Munich | 20,000[213] | 10,000[213] | 21,000[213] | 32,000[213][251] | 34,000[213] | 62,290 | 96,398 | 198,000[224] |
Nagoya | 65,000[56] | 65,000[67] | 96,000[56] | 92,000[67] | 116,000 | 125,193 (1873)[255] | ||
Nanjing | 194,000[67] | 178,000[67] | 300,000[56] | 285,000[56] | 220,000[56] | 200,000[56] | 300,000[56] | |
Naples | 400,000[215] | 176,000[215] | 216,000[215] | 305,000[215] | 427,000[215] | 350,000[67] | 413,000[256]–416,000[56] | 450,000[224] |
New Orleans | 8,056 | 46,082 (1830) | 116,375 | 210,000[224] | ||||
New York City | 4,436 (1703) | 13,296 (1749) | 63,000 | 170,000 | 682,000 | 1,900,000[67] | ||
Nuremberg | 40,000[213] | 25,000[213] | 40,000[213] | 30,000[213][251] | 27,000[213][251] | 54,000[251] | 91,017 | |
Osaka | 200,000–360,000[67] | 220,000 | 350,000–380,000[67][258][259] | 400,000 (1749) | 383,000–500,000 (1783)[56][258] | 340,000[56] | 300,000 | 320,000[224] |
Palermo | 105,000[260][215] | 128,000[228] | 100,000[215] | 118,000[215] | 139,000[215] | 168,000[243] | 182,000[244] | 219,000[224] |
Paris | 220,000[212] | 430,000[212] | 510,000[212] | 576,000[212] | 581,000[212] | 855,000[67] | 1,314,000[67] | 2,250,000[67] |
Philadelphia | 4,400 | 14,563 (1753) | 68,200 | 138,000 | 426,221 | 791,000[224] | ||
Prague | 60,000 | 25,000 | 39,000[261] | 58,000[262][261] | 77,403[56][262][261] | 98,000 | 117,000[262] | 223,371 (1869) |
Rio de Janeiro | 20,000 | 29,000 | 44,000 | 166,419 | 274,000[224] | |||
Rome | 105,000[215] | 124,000[215] | 138,000[215] | 156,000[215] | 163,000[215] | 138,000 | 170,000 | 252,000[224] |
Rouen | 60,000[212] | 82,000[212] | 64,000[212] | 67,000[212] | 81,000[212] | 92,083 (1836) | 104,142 (1851)[263] | 104,902 (1876) |
Saint Petersburg | 138,000[264] | 220,200[264] | 438,000[67] | 502,000[264] | 764,000[224] | |||
Seoul | 150,000[67] | 158,000[67] | 187,000[67] | 190,000[56] | 192,000[56] | 194,000[56] | ||
Seville | 121,000 (1597)[218] | 65,000[257] | 96,000[257] | 66,000[257][262] | 96,000[257] | 75,000 (1820) | 106,000[262] | 133,247 (1877) |
Shanghai | 45,000 | 60,000 | 100,000 | 115,000 | 250,000 | 400,000[224] | ||
Sunpu
|
100,000[67] | 31,555 (1873)[265] | ||||||
St. Louis | 925 (1799) | 4,977 (1830) | 77,860 | 338,000[224] | ||||
Suzhou | 175,000[56] | 145,000[56] | 245,000[56] | 302,000[56] | 243,000[67] | 302,000[67] | 550,000[56] | 250,000[56] |
Turin | 24,000[200] | 37,000[200] | 42,000[200] | 57,000[200] | 82,000[200] | 109,000[243] | 138,000[244] | 216,000[224] |
Warsaw | 35,000[266] | 21,000[266] | 28,000[266] | 75,000[266] | 124,000[243] | 163,000[266] | 311,000[224] | |
Venice[177] | 139,000[200] | 120,000[200] | 138,000[200] | 149,000[200] | 138,000[200] | 109,927 | 106,000[262] | 129,676 |
Vienna[267][268] | 50,000[261] | 60,000[261] | 114,000[261] | 175,400[261] | 231,000[261] | 401,200 | 551,300 | 1,020,770 |
Xi'an | 138,000[67] | 147,000[56] | 167,000[67] | 195,000[67] | 224,000[67] | 259,000[67] | 275,000[56] | 250,000[56] |
Yamaguchi
|
80,000[67] |
See also
- List of largest cities throughout history (7000 BC – AD 2000)
- List of largest cities, present day
- Estimates of historical world population
Notes
- ^ Dobrovody and Maydanets Suggested to be housing up to 10,000 people in Modelski's text (pp. 24–25), The estimate is based on the author's personal communication with Mikhail Videiko, Institute of Archaeology, Kyiv, October 2002 (p. 75). The previous estimates by S. I. Kruts for Maydanets and Talianki are 8,000 (1,575 housed within 270 ha) and 14,000 (2,700 houses within 450 ha), respectively (Pitskhelauri, K. N., and Chernykh, E. N. Eds., Kavkaz v sisteme paleometallicheskikh kultur Evrazii, Metsniereba, Tbilisi, 1989, pp. 146–156.).[full citation needed]
- ^ a b c d Modelski's list of the world's largest cities treats Thebes and Haojing as the top cities with 100,000 inhabitants (p. 218), though the same list on the next page (p. 219) as well as Table 2 (c) place the population of Thebes at 120,000, while that for Haojing as well as Memphis and Babylon at 100,000 (pp. 33-34).[full citation needed]
- ^ Chandler listed Thebes, Haoqing, and Chengzhou (Luoyang) as the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd largest cities (p. 460), though Luoyang is supposed to pass 100,000 in 1000 B.C. (p. 541).[full citation needed]
- ^ When the city first passed 100,000, suggested by Richard Forstall (pp. 541-542).[full citation needed]
- ^ Haoqing, the capital of Western Zhou, was located 15 km SW of Chang'an, the capital of Sung and Tang dynasties as well as the present center of Xi'an. Han capital was located 5 km NW of the center of modern Xi'an. All these sites are now within the sub-provincial city of Xi'an.
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- ^ "El Mirador, the Lost City of the Maya".
- ^ JSTOR j.ctt1gxpb6n.
- ^ "Greater London, Inner London Population & Density History". demographia.com. Retrieved 2014-09-24.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-299-08934-4.
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- ^ Russell, Josiah Cox (January 1, 1958). Late Ancient and Medieval Population. American Philosophical Society.
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- ^ a b Wilson 2011, p. 183.
- ^ a b "Teotihuacan: Introduction". Archaeology of Teotihuacan, Mexico. Archived from the original on 2007-08-12. Retrieved 2007-09-02.
- ^ "Tikal, Mayan City". HistoryWiz.com. Retrieved 2015-06-20.
- ISBN 9780740816987.
- ^ PMID 33962951.
- ^ a b c Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 10.
- .
- ^ "Early Medieval and Byzantine Civilization: Constantine to Crusades". History/Medieval Studies 303. Archived from the original on 2015-08-26. Retrieved 2015-07-23.
- ^ ISBN 9780813226934.
- ^ a b c Buringh 2010, p. 73.
- ^ Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 305.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Chandler & Fox 2013, p. 271.
- )
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- ^ Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 297.
- ^ a b Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 113.
- ^ Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 114.
- ^ Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 307.
- ^ a b Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 115.
- ^ Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 88.
- ^ a b c d Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 89.
- ^ Chandler & Fox 2013, p. [page needed].
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Wickham 2015, p. 112.
- ISBN 978-9004224100.
- ^ Meneghini and Santangeli Valenzani Roma nell'altomedioevo. Topografia e urbanistica della citta dal V al X seolo. Rome, 2004. pp. 22-3
- ^ a b c d e Hohenberg & Lees 2009, p. 10.
- ^ "SACRED SITE". Ani, Turkey. Landmarks Foundation. Archived from the original on 2007-05-20. Retrieved 2007-01-22.
- ^ (in Armenian) Ghafadaryan, Karo. «Անի» [Ani]. Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia. Yerevan: Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1974, vol. i, pp. 407–412.
- .
- Gale A248659687.
- ^ Glenn Hodges, "America's Forgotten City", National Geographic, January 2011.
- ^ a b c Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 145.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-691-00795-3.
- ^ a b c Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 175.
- ^ a b c d Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 98.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 247.
- ^ a b c d e f g M. Ginatempo L. Sandri "L'Italia delle Città. Sec XIII XVI" Le Lettere 1990
- ^ ISBN 9781317521112.
- ^ a b c d e Hohenberg & Lees 2009, p. [page needed].
- ISBN 9780195314939.
- ^ a b History of London#Population
- ^ ISBN 978-0-19-871773-7.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-691-02910-8.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-19-927460-4.
- ^ a b Bairoch 1988, p. 28.
- ProQuest 1311896683.
- ISBN 978-1-59884-996-7.
- ISBN 978-0-8240-4444-2.
- ISBN 978-1-134-89414-7.
- ^ Bove & Gauvard 2014, p. 7.
- ^ Norman John Greville Pounds. An Historical Geography of Europe 450 B.C.-A.D. 1330, p. 350
- ^ ISBN 978-1-136-51738-9.
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- ISBN 9789004252523.
- ISBN 978-1-4128-2445-3.
- ISBN 978-0-521-85916-5.
- ISBN 9781317901549.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae de Vries 1984, p. 350.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb de Vries 1984, p. 354.
- ^ a b c d e Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 143.
- ^ a b c d e f g Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 270.
- ^ a b c d e Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 84.
- ^ Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 125.
- ^ Middendorf, 1898.[full citation needed]
- ^ Michael Moseley; Kent Day, eds. (1982). Chan Chan: Andean Desert City. University of New Mexico Press.
- ^ Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 85.
- ^ Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 189.
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- ISBN 9781317528166.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p de Vries 1984, p. 348.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x de Vries 1984, p. 353.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r de Vries 1984, p. 351.
- ^ Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 183.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r de Vries 1984, p. 355.
- ^ Fierro 1996, p. 280.
- ^ a b c Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 92.
- ^ a b c d "Demografía de Sevilla en el siglo XVI". Seville University. Retrieved 2012-07-23.
- OCLC 648253221.
- S2CID 1383573.
- ISSN 8756-6583.
- ^ Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 265.
- S2CID 219697340.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 329.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Mitchell 1998e, p. 74.
- ^ a b Mitchell 1998a, p. 39.
- ^ a b The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness and Fall, 1477–1806. 1995.
- ^ a b c Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 320.
- ^ a b "Population statistics: historical demography". Populstat.info. Retrieved 2015-06-20.
- ^ a b Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 133.
- ^ a b c d e de Vries 1984, p. 352.
- ^ Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 110.
- ^ ISBN 978-3-11-091274-6.
- ^ a b c Latimer 1900.
- ^ a b c d e Shannon & Grebenik 1943.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 166.
- ISSN 1582-7763. Retrieved 2021-04-12.
- ^ a b c d Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 155.
- ^ a b c Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 196.
- ^ Mitchell 1998a, p. 40.
- ^ a b c d e de Vries 1984, p. 349.
- ^ a b Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 135.
- ^ a b c d e Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 327.
- ^ a b c d e Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 328.
- OCLC 500429383.
- ^ a b c d Boudarel, Nguyen & Nguyễn 2002, p. 19.
- ^ Boudarel, Nguyen & Nguyễn 2002, p. 22.
- ^ Annuaire de la Cochinchine française... 1874 – via Gallica.[verification needed]
- ^ a b c d e f g Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 251.
- ISSN 1454-0754. Retrieved 2021-04-12.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Mitchell 1998e, p. 75.
- ^ Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon (1956). Kyoto: the Old Capital of Japan, 794-1869. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. p. 424. (quoting the Meiji publication 平安通志)
- ^ Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 321.
- ^ Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 323.
- ^ a b c Mitchell 1998a, p. 41.
- ^ a b c d Almanach de Gotha pour l'an 1858
- ^ a b c d e f g h i de Vries 1984, p. 356.
- ^ a b F. Braudel (1979). Capitalism and Material Life, 1400–1800.
- ^ Sansom, George (1963). A History of Japan: 1615-1867. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. p. 113. Note: These figures exclude military (samurai) population, which could account for a considerable portion of the population.
- ^ Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 319.
- ^ a b c d e f g h de Vries 1984, p. 357.
- ^ a b c d e f Mitchell 1998e, p. 76.
- ^ Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 120.
- ^ a b c Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 164.
- ^ Mitchell 1998a, p. 42.
- ^ a b c d e Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 159.
- ISBN 3-7028-0403-X. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
- ^ "Statistiken". Statistik.at. Retrieved 2015-06-20.
References
- Bairoch, Paul (1988). The Population of European Cities from 800 to 1850. Geneva: Université de Genève.
- Boudarel, Georges; Nguyen, Van Ky; Nguyễn, Văn Ký (2002). Duiker, Claire (ed.). Hanoi: City of the Rising Dragon. New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 9780742516557.
- Bove, Boris; Gauvard, Claude (2014). Le Paris du Moyen Age (in French). Paris: Belin. ISBN 978-2-7011-8327-5.
- Buringh, Eltjo (2010). Medieval Manuscript Production in the Latin West. ISBN 978-9004175198.
- Chandler, Tertius; Fox, Gerald (1974). 3000 Years of Urban Growth. New York and London: Academic Press. ISBN 9780127851099.
- Chandler, Tertius; Fox, Gerald (2013). 3000 Years of Urban Growth. New York and London: Academic Press. ISBN 9781483271255.
- de Vries, Jan (1984). European Urbanization 1500–1800. London: Methuen and Co.
- Fierro, Alfred (1996). Histoire et dictionnaire de Paris. Robert Laffont. ISBN 2-221--07862-4.
- Fronda, Michael P. (2010). Between Rome and Carthage: Southern Italy during the Second Punic War. London: ISBN 978-0-521-51694-5.
- Hohenberg, P.M.; Lees, L.H. (2009). The Making of Urban Europe, 1000–1994. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-03873-8.
- Latimer, John (1900). The annals of Bristol in the Sevententh Century. Bristol: William George's Sons.
- Mitchell, Brian (1998a). International Historical Statistics Africa, Asia & Oceania 1750–1993 (3rd ed.). London: ISBN 978-1-349-14740-3.
- Mitchell, Brian (1998e). International Historical Statistics Europe 1750–1993 (4th ed.). London: ISBN 978-0-333-72690-7.
- Shannon, Herbert; Grebenik, Eugene (1943). Population of Bristol. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Wickham, Chris (2015). Medieval Rome: Stability and Crisis of a City, 900–1150. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-968496-0.
- Wilson, Alan (2011). "City Sizes and Urbanization in the Roman Empire". In Bowman, Alan; Wilson, Andrew (eds.). Settlement, Urbanization, and Population. Oxford: ISBN 978-0-19-960235-3.
Further reading
- ISBN 0-19-521409-9.
- Smith, Michael E. (2005). "City Size in Late Post-Classic Mesoamerica" (PDF). Journal of Urban History. 31 (4): 403–434. S2CID 145452272.