History of Andhra Pradesh

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

The recorded history of

Amaravati, and reached a zenith under Gautamiputra Satakarni
.

After the Satavahanas, the region fragmented into

Rajaraja Chola I helped Vengi Chalukyas to secure the Vengi throne from Telugu Chola
king Jata Choda Bhima. From 1002 CE till 1206 CE Andhra Pradesh was under Imperial Cholas.

From 1206 CE to 1323 CE the

Musunuri Nayaks
won over Delhi.

Under Krishnadevaraya of the Vijayanagara Empire (1336 CE–1646 CE) the Telugus became independent, then the Qutb Shahi dynasty ruled the Bahmani Sultanate there from the early 16th to the end of the 17th centuries, and was tolerant of Telugu culture.

The French, under the Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau, and the English, under Robert Clive, altered the regional polity. In 1765 CE, Clive and the chief and council at Visakhapatnam obtained the Northern Circars from Mughal emperor Shah Alam. The British later defeated Maharaja Vijaya Rama Gajapati Raju of Vizianagaram, in 1792 CE.

N. T. Rama Rao
.

Hyderabad State. Andhra Pradesh, the first Indian state formed primarily on the basis of language post independence, split off from the Madras Presidency in 1953. Andhra State merged with the Telugu-speaking portion of Hyderabad State in 1956 to create the state of Andhra Pradesh
.

The Lok Sabha formed Telangana from ten districts of Andhra Pradesh on 18 February 2014.[6]

Pre-Satavahana period

Chalcolithic age

The Chalcolithic period is dated using pottery and is believed to be around 1750 BC or earlier. The pottery used for dating the time period was discovered from sites near the Krishna and Tungabhadra rivers such as Patapadu. A painted spouted vessel found there resembles chalcolithic-age vessels from Navdatoli and as far as Bronze Age Crete.[7]

Amaravati Mahachaitya
, also known as the Great Stupa of Amaravati was built around the third century BCE.

Proto-Historic and Historic periods

The term Andhra was first mentioned as the name of a tribe in the

Yamuna river, crossed the Vindhyas and came to present-day Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. It also mentions that the Andhras were socially parallel to other tribes like the Pundras, Sabarasand Pulindas. There are references to an Andhra kingdom and a people known as the Andhras in Indian epic poetry (the Mahabharata, the Ramayana and the Puranas). In the Mahabharata Rukmi ruled the Vidarbha Kingdom, which included the Deccan Plateau, the foothills of the Vindhya Range, present-day Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka and a little-known (now submerged) archipelago in the Bay of Bengal. Rama is said to have lived in the forest around present-day Bhadrachalam
during his exile.

Ancient literature indicates a history dating to several centuries BCE, but archaeological evidence exists only from the last two millennia. The fifth-century Kingdom of Pratipalapura, identified with Bhattiprolu in the Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh, may have been the earliest kingdom in South India. Inscriptions suggest that King Kubera ruled Bhattiprolu around 230 BCE.[8]

The script of the Bhattiprolu inscriptions was the progenitor of the

Brahmi lipi, which later diversified into modern Telugu scripts.[9]

Middle Kingdoms (3rd century BCE - 12th century CE)

Satavahana dynasty

Archaeological remains of Bavikonda.

As part of the

Mauryan Empire during the fourth century BCE, Andhra was a political state in the southeastern Deccan. According to Megasthenes, who visited the court of Chandragupta Maurya (322-297), the Andhras had 30 fortified towns along Godavari River and an army of 1,00,000[clarification needed] infantry, 2,000 cavalry and 1,000 elephants.[10]
The military might of Andhras was second only to the Mauryas.

Uninterrupted political and cultural accounts of Andhra Pradesh begin during the rise of the

Nasik, written at the time of Gautamiputra Satakarni (the 23rd Satavahana ruler), indicates that the kingdom included most of the southern peninsula and southern parts of Maharashtra, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh. The court language used by the Satavahanas was Prakrit, and their kings observed the Vedic religion
.

The fall of the Satavahana empire left Andhra in political chaos, and local rulers carved out small kingdoms for themselves. Between 180 and 624 CE, control of Andhra lay with the

Pallava, Ananda Gotrika, Kalinga and other small kingdoms; the most important was Ikshvaku. Sanskrit
replaced Prakrit as the inscriptional language at this time.

Ikshvakus

Nagarjunakonda, which is believed to be the site of the Andhra Ikshvaku capital.

The Andhra Ikshvakus (Sanskrit: इक्श्वाकू) established a kingdom along the Krishna River in the second half of the second century CE. Their capital was Vijayapuri (Nagarjunakonda). Archaeological evidence indicates that the Ikshvakus succeeded the Satavahanas in the Krishna River valley and may have entered Andhra from the north.[11] The Ikshvakus left inscriptions at Nagarjunakonda, Jaggayyapeta, Amaravati and Bhattiprolu, and their rulers observed the Vedic religion.

Some historians believe that Andhra Ikshvakus were related to the mythological

Ikshvaku line. Inscriptions in the Nagarjunakonda valley, Jaggayyapeta and Ramireddipalli provide some support for this hypothesis.[14]

In the

Suryavamsha dynasty and ruled from Ayodhya at the beginning of the Treta Yuga. He had 100 sons; the eldest was Vikushi, who succeeded his father as the ruler of Ayodhya. Fifty of Vikushi's brothers founded small principalities in North India, and forty-eight founded kingdoms in the south. In the Dharmamrita, during the lifetime of the 12th tirthankara, Yasodhara (an Ikshvaku prince from the kingdom of Anga) went to Vengi
. The prince was so impressed with the region's beauty and fertility that he made it his home and founded the city of Pratipalapura (present-day Bhattiprolu).

In the Puranas, the Andhra Ikshvakus are called Sriparvatiyas (rulers of Sriparvata) and

Satavahanas
, and bore the title of Mahatalavara. Although the Puranas cite seven kings ruling Andhra for 100 years, only four are confirmed in inscriptions.

Vashishthiputra Sri Santamula (Santamula I)

Santamula I founded the Ikshvaku dynasty, performing the

Vajapeya
yagnas to proclaim his imperial status. Rulers of subsequent dynasties commonly performed the Ashvamedha yagna to declare their independence.

Virapurushadatta

Virapurushadatta was the son and successor of Santamula through his wife, Madhari. He had a sister, Adavi Santisri, took a queen from the Saka family of Ujjain and gave his daughter in marriage to a Chutu prince.

Ehuvula Santamula (Santamula II)

Ehuvula Santamula (Santamula II), Virapurushadata's son, ruled after a short

Abhira
interregnum.

Rudrapurushadatta

Rudrapurushadatta was an Ikshvaku ruler mentioned in inscriptions from Gurajala in Guntur district. Possibly a son of Ehuvula Santamula, he ruled for over 11 years.

Brihatpalayanas

During the third century CE, the

Brihatpalayanas ruled northern Andhra from their capital, Kodur, in the Krishna district
.

Anandagotrikas

The Ananda Gotrikas (335-425) ruled coastal Andhra from their capital, Kapotapuram. Their affiliations are unknown. A few Anandagotras families have been discovered in the Anantapur district and Kadiri taluk. It is an old Kadapa district: Hiranya Raajya, in the Puranas. Anandagotras live in Cedaranya of Kadhiri area hill/mountain places called Batrapalli forest, Gogannapeta, Pandava Raju hill and Vankapalli. Old andha/kandarapuram have been demolished. Kambamraayudu mountain hill areas' surname is tatam in patras.

Salankayanas

From about 300 to 440, after the fall of the Ikshvakus, the

Salankayanas ruled part of the east coast from Vengi. Like the Vishnukundinas of Vinukonda who succeeded them, the Salankayanas were vassals of the Pallavas of the southern Telugu and northern Tamil lands. At this time, Telugu and Kannada
scripts began to separate from those of other Indian dialects.

Pallavas

The Pallava dynasty ruled South India from the fourth to the ninth centuries from Kanchipuram in Tamil Nadu. It was ascendant during the reigns of Mahendravarman I (590–630) and Narasimhavarman I (630–668) and included the southern Telugu and the north of the Tamil regions.

The Pallavas were noted for their patronage of

Pandyas in the south. During the ninth century, the Pallavas were succeeded by the Chola dynasty

Vishnukundinas

One of the Undavalli Caves, built in the seventh century CE by the Vishnukundina dynasty.

The

Rashtrakutas
by marriage.

In 529, Madhava Varma (a descendant of the dynasty) and four allied clans achieved independence by defeating the

Salankayanas
in coastal Andhra.

Kalachuris of Chedi

The

Pandya Kingdom in the south has a fish on its banner. Signs of the Matsya were later found in the Visakhapatnam
region.

Chedi

The Chedi kingdom, in central and western India, was first ruled by

Yadav kings. It corresponds roughly to the present-day Bundelkhand region of Madhya Pradesh
.

Haihaya

The

Parasurama. The Haihaya capital was Mahishmati, on the banks of the Narmada River in Madhya Pradesh
.

Kalachuri

Rashtrakutas, and ruled from Tripuri, Gorakhpur
, Ratnapur and Rajpur.

The name Kalachuri may derive from kali (long moustache) and churi (sharp knife). The Kalachuri were also known as Katachuris.

In the Telugu epic The

Palanadu
. They were vassals of the Chalukyas.

The Pericchedis are also mentioned as vassals of the Chalukyas. According to V. Rama Chandra Rao, they were connected to the ancient Chedi. The Pericchedis had two branches, with Kollipaka and Bezawada their capitals. Rao also mentions that the Vatsavai dynasty of Peddapuram may be related to the Matsya dynasty, since there is evidence of a branch in the Visakhapatnam area.[16]

An 1174 record suggests the Kalachuri dynasty was thought to be founded by Soma, who grew a beard and moustache to save himself from Parashurama's wrath. Their emblem was suvarna vrishabha, a golden bull. The Kalachuri honoured Krantivirya Sahasrarjun, who killed Rishi Jamdagni (Bhagwan Parshurama's father). Historians such as P. B. Desai emphasize the Kalachuris' central-Indian origin.

At their zenith, the

Badami Chalukyas
under Badami Chalukya Magalesa. Lieutenant colonel James Tod recorded a tribe of Haihayas "near the very top of the valley of Sohagpur in Bagelkhand, aware of their ancient lineage, and though few in number, still celebrated for their valour".[17]

Eastern Chalukyas

Between 624 and 1323, the Telugu language emerged as a literary medium alongside Prakrit and Sanskrit. From around 848 (during the time of Gunaga

Nannaya under the patronage of the Eastern Chalukya ruler Rajaraja Narendra. Modern Telugu script
evolved from the old Telugu script from the 11th to the 19th centuries.

The Eastern Chalukyas were a branch of the

Pulakesin II conquered Vengi (near Eluru) in 624 and installed his brother, Kubja Vishnuvardhana (624-641), as its ruler. The Vishnuvardhana dynasty, known as the Eastern Chalukyas, ruled for nearly four centuries. Vishnuvardhana's domain extended from Srikakulam in the north to Nellore
in the south.

Control of the Vengi region shifted from Gunaga Vijayaditya to

Kakatiyas
.

Chola Empire

The

Karikala Chola
.

Late Medieval and Early Modern period (12th - 18th centuries CE)

Kakatiya dynasty

Timeline
12th - 18th centuries CE
1323 The Delhi Sultanate besieges and annexes Warangal, resulting in the end of

the Kakatiya dynasty.

1326 Musunuri Nayaks reclaim Telugu lands from the Delhi Sulatante.
1518 The Bahmani Sultanate disintegrates, and the Golconda Sultanate is established

by

Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk
.

1687 Mughal Invasion and end of the Golconda Sultanate
1724 The region is conquered by Nizam-ul-Mulk.

The

Devagiri
.

The next ruler, Mahadeva, extended the Kakatiyas kingdom to the coast before he was succeeded by Ganapati Deva in 1199. Ganapati Deva was the first ruler since the

Anakapalle
.

Rani

Muslim attacks began in 1310, and in 1323 the Kakatiya dynasty fell to the Delhi Sultanate
.

Musunuri Nayaks

The

Bukka, treasury officers at the court of Prataparudra, were inspired by the Musunuri Nayaks to organise Hindu opposition to Muslim invaders.[20]

Kaapaneedu

Prataparudra was captured by the Muslims.

Hoysala, Dwarasamudram and Araveedu) asserted their independence.[25]

Ulugh Khan captured Harihara and Bukka at Warangal. Converted to Islam, they were sent by the sultan to suppress the Hoysala ruler's rebellion. Instead, the brothers established the Vijayanagara Empire. The Sultan led a large army south, but was halted by an epidemic and Nayak resistance. Kaapaneedu, with the assistance of the Hoysala, liberated Andhra Pradesh.[26]

In 1345 Muslim nobles rebelled against

Bukka Raya assisted Deva in the campaign. Deva initially succeeded, but was eventually defeated, captured and killed.[27]

Kapaya Nayaka persisted, capturing Golconda and Warangal. In 1365, Golconda was chosen as the border between the Bahmani and Warangal kingdoms. Kapaya Nayaka was forced to pay reparations, including a turquoise throne, to Mohammed Shah.[27] In 1370 Anapota Nayaka of the Recherla Nayaks marched against Warangal as part of a Bahmani invasion, and Kapaya Nayaka died in the ensuing battle at Bhimavaram. With Kapaya Nayaka gone, the Bahmanis soon subjugated their allies and ruled Andhra.[28]

Reddy Kingdom

Reddi Kingdom
.

Prolaya Vema Reddy established the Reddy kingdom. The Reddys ruled from present-day Srikakulam in the north to Kanchi in the south, most of the present-day Andhra and Rayalaseema regions.[29][30][31][32]

The Reddy Kingdom (1326–1448) ruled portions of coastal Andhra Pradesh for over a century.

Errana
, the translator of the Mahabharata, lived during this period.

Vijayanagara Empire

Sculpture of Ganesha at the Veerabhadra Temple at Lepakshi, built during the reign of the Vijayanagara Empire.

The

Tungabhadra
region under Veera Ballala III to fight off Muslim invaders.

Tirupati and Sri Kalahasti in Andhra Pradesh. The largest and best-known collection of such monuments is at Hampi in present-day Karnataka
.

Bahmani and Golconda Sultanates

The mosque at Gandikota Fort was built by the Golconda Sultanate.

In 1323, Delhi sultan Ghiaz-ud-din

Persia. He first migrated to Delhi and then to the Deccan to serve under the Bahmani Sultanate, where he earned the title Qutb-ul-Mulk. Later, when the Bahamani Sultanate declined and was divided into five Deccan sultanates, he gained control over the south-eastern region and founded a sovereign kingdom. He adopted the title of Qutb Shah and his dynasty became known as the Qutb Shahi dynasty
.

Qutb Shah occupied the region of

Nizamate of Hyderabad
until the arrival of the British.

Mughal conquest

In 1687,

Compagnie des Indes Orientales
to consolidate power in India.

Colonial era (1753-1947 CE)

Color-coded map of South India
Maximum extent of French influence (1741–1754)

In a 1753 decree, Deccan

Aurangabad bears the signature of Said Loukshur, Salabat Jang's minister. Yanam
was an important town during the French occupation of the Northern Circars.

In 1758, the French and English fought at

East Godavari district. The French were defeated by the British and Salabat Jang made a treaty with the British, giving them the Northern Circars in a firman
.

The

Marathas, the Nizam and the English and made incursions into the Rayalaseema
region.

The western part of Vishakapatnam district consisted of the

Vizianagaram and defeated Vikram Dev, turning his kingdom into a zamindari.[43][44][45]
The region later was reorganized on linguistic lines.

Madras Presidency

See caption
Madras Presidency in 1859; North Canara (Uttara Kannada) was transferred to the Bombay Presidency in 1862.

The Northern Circars became part of the British

feudal manner, with zamindars
in areas such as Kulla and elsewhere in the Godavari acting as lords under the Nizam. The zamindari system was dismantled after independence.

Telugu districts

Zamindaris


Padmanayaka Zamindari

Post-Independence (1947 CE - present)

Timeline
1947 CE - present
1947 India becomes independent
1953 Andhra State is created by separating Telugu-speaking regions of the Madras State.
1956 According to the
Andhra Pradesh (United)
.
2014
Andhra Pradesh (United) is bifurcated into Telangana and Andhra Pradesh
.

In 1947,

Hyderabad State. When India became independent, Telugu-speaking people (Urdu is spoken in some parts of Hyderabad and a few other districts of Hyderabad State) were distributed in 22 districts: nine in Hyderabad State, 12 in the Madras Presidency and one in French-controlled Yanam. In 1953 Andhra State
was created from part of the Madras Presidency, the first state in India formed on a linguistic basis. In 1956, Andhra State was merged with the Telugu-speaking area of Hyderabad State to form the state of Andhra Pradesh.

Madras Manade movement

Madras possessed Tamil and Telugu cultures. In the early 1920s,

should be the boundary between the Andhra and Tamil regions. In 1953 Telugu speakers in the former Madras Presidency sought to make Madras the capital of Andhra Pradesh, adopting the slogan Madras manade ("Madras is ours"). However the city of Madras had 65 percentage of Tamil speakers as opposed to 27 percent Telugu speakers that time and Madras stayed with the Tamil state.

Creation of Andhra State

Activist

Potti Sriramulu advocated inclusion of the Telugu-speaking areas of Rayalaseema and Coastal Andhra in an Andhra state. He conducted a hunger strike until Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru promised to form an Andhra state. On 19 October 1952, when Nehru's promise had not been fulfilled, Sriramulu began fasting again at Maharshi Bulusu Sambamurthy's Madras home. The Andhra Congress committee disapproved of Sriramulu's hunger strike, but his action became widely known. He died shortly after midnight on 15 December 1952 at 126 Royapettah High Road, Mylapore
, Madras, and the house has been preserved.

During Sriramulu's funeral procession, mourners praised his sacrifice. When the procession reached

. The unrest continued for several days.

On 19 December 1952, Prime Minister Nehru announced the formation of a separate state for the Telugu-speaking people of the

Tanguturi Prakasam Pantulu
became chief minister of the new Telugu state.

Merger of Hyderabad and Andhra States

See caption
Map of India, with the Telangana region highlighted in red

In December 1953, the States Reorganisation Commission convened to create states on linguistic lines.[46] Due to public demand, the commission recommended abolishing Hyderabad State and merging its Marathi-speaking region into Bombay State and its Kannada-speaking region into Mysore State.

The

gentleman's agreement
.

History of United Andhra Pradesh

In an effort to gain an independent state based on linguistic identity and to protect the interests of the Telugu-speaking people of

Tanguturi Prakasam became the first chief minister. On the basis of the Gentlemen's Agreement of 1956, the States Reorganisation Act created Andhra Pradesh by merging the neighbouring Telugu-speaking areas of the Hyderabad State with Hyderabad as the capital on 1 November 1956.[47]

The Indian National Congress (INC) ruled the state from 1956 to 1982. Neelam Sanjiva Reddy became the first chief minister. Among other chief ministers, P. V. Narasimha Rao is known for implementing land reforms and land ceiling acts and securing reservation for lower castes in politics.[48] Nagarjuna Sagar Dam, completed in 1967, and Srisailam Dam, completed in 1981, are some of the irrigation projects that helped increase the production of paddy in the state.[49]

In 1983, the Telugu Desam Party (TDP) won the state elections, and N. T. Rama Rao became the chief minister of the state for the first time after launching his party just nine months earlier.[50] This broke the long-time single-party monopoly enjoyed by the INC. He transformed the sub-district administration by forming mandals in place of earlier taluks, removing hereditary village heads, and appointing non-hereditary village revenue assistants.[51] The 1989 elections ended the rule of Rao, with the INC returning to power with Marri Chenna Reddy at the helm. In 1994, Andhra Pradesh gave a mandate to the Telugu Desam Party again, and Rao became the chief minister again. Nara Chandrababu Naidu, Rao's son-in-law, came to power in 1995 with the backing of a majority of the MLAs. The Telugu Desam Party won both the assembly and Lok Sabha elections in 1999 under the leadership of Chandrababu Naidu. Thus, Naidu held the record for the longest-serving chief minister (1995–2004) of the united Andhra Pradesh.[52] He introduced e-governance by launching e-Seva centres in 2001 for paperless and speedy delivery of government services. He is credited with transforming Hyderabad into an IT hub by providing incentives for tech companies to set up centres.[53]

In

Nallari Kiran Kumar Reddy; the latter resigned over the impending division of the state to form Telangana.[55]

During its 58 years as a unified state, the state weathered separatist movements from Telangana (1969) and Andhra (1972) successfully.[56] A new party called Telangana Rashtra Samithi, formed in April 2001 by Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao (KCR), reignited the Telanganga movement. A joint action committee formed with political parties, government employees, and the general public spearheaded the agitation. When KCR's health deteriorated due to his fast-unto-death programme, the central government decided to initiate the process to form an independent Telangana in December 2009. This triggered the Samaikyandhra movement to keep the state united. The Srikrishna committee was formed to give recommendations on how to deal with the situation. It gave its report in December 2010.[57] The agitations continued for nearly 5 years, with the Telangana side harping on the marginalisation of food culture, language, and unequal economic development and the Samaikyandhra movement focusing on the shared culture, language, customs, and historical unity of Telugu-speaking regions.[58]

Bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh

Detail map of Telangana (inland) and Andhra Pradesh (on the coast), with an inset map of India
Telangana (in white) and Andhra Pradesh (in yellow) after bifurcation

On 30 July 2013, the Congress Working Committee unanimously approved a resolution recommending the formation of a Telangana state. In February 2014, a bill was placed before Parliament[59] The Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 was passed, allowing the formation of a Telangana state of ten districts from north-western Andhra Pradesh despite opposition by the state legislature.[60][61] The bill received the assent of the president, and was published in The Gazette of India on 1 March.[62] The bill included the provision to retain Hyderabad as the capital for up to ten years and the provision to ensure access to educational institutions for the same period.[63] The bill received the assent of the president and was published in the gazette on 1 March 2014.[64] The new state of Telangana came into existence on 2 June 2014 after approval from the president of India, with the residual state continuing as Andhra Pradesh.[65] The present form of Andhra Pradesh is the same as that of Andhra State, except for Bhadrachalam town, which continues in Telangana.[66] A number of petitions questioning the validity of the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act have been pending before the Supreme Court constitutional bench since April 2014.[67]

= Final Elections

In the final elections held in the unified state in 2014, the TDP got a mandate in its favour, defeating its nearest rival, the YSR Congress Party, a breakaway faction of the Congress founded by Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, son of former Chief Minister Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy. N. Chandrababu Naidu, the chief of the TDP, became the chief minister on 8 June 2014.[68] In 2017, the government of Andhra Pradesh began operating from its new greenfield capital, Amaravati, for which 33,000 acres were acquired from farmers through an innovative land pooling scheme.[69][70] Interstate issues with Telangana relating to the division of assets of public sector institutions and organisations of the united state and the division of river waters are not yet resolved.[71][72]

Capitals of Andhra Pradesh

Amaravati is the legislative capital and the

Guntur District
. Built on the southern banks of the Krishna River in the Guntur district, it was selected because it was close to the geographical center of the state.

Amaravati was founded by former Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister

Greenfield administrative capital city of the Andhra Pradesh state, and its foundation stone was laid at Uddandarayunipalem by the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi
on 22 October 2015.

The office of the

Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh has operated from Velagapudi since April 2016. The Andhra Pradesh Legislature
remained in Hyderabad until March 2017, when it relocated to newly constructed interim legislative buildings in Velagapudi.

Amaravati, formerly known as Dhānyakatakam, is important in the

.

The city once a

in all of India.

The capital recorded its first-ever legislation 2,200 years ago. The capital region includes

ancient Amaravati. The area was ruled by the Mauryas, Satavahanas, Andhra Ikshvakus, Vishnukundina, Pallavas, Cholas, Kakatiyas, Delhi Sultanate, Reddys, Musunuri Nayaks, Bahmani Sultanate, Vijayanagara Empire, Sultanate of Golconda and Mughal Empire successively before the founding of the Nizam of Hyderabad in 1724. It was ceded to the Kingdom of France in 1750 but was captured by the British in 1759. Guntur[clarification needed] returned to the Nizamate in 1768 but was ceded to Britain again in 1788. It was briefly occupied by Hyder Ali, then ruled by Vasireddy Venkatadri Nayudu. It was part of the Madras Presidency
during the British colonial period.

Under the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014, Hyderabad became the capital of the newly-formed state of Telangana, post-bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh. However, Hyderabad would remain as the joint capital of both states for a period not exceeding ten years. Hence, Amaravati is being built to serve as the capital of Andhra Pradesh.

The foundation for the city was laid at

, laid the foundation for the city.

Dynasties

See also

References

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Bibliography

External links