History of Liverpool F.C. (1959–1985)

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For Liverpool F.C.'s earlier history, see History of Liverpool F.C. (1892–1959). For the club's history since 1985, see History of Liverpool F.C. (1985–present).

Four trophies inside a glass cabinet. The trophies have ribbons on them and there is memorabilia next to them
Replicas of the four European Champion Clubs' Cup Liverpool won from 1977 to 1984 on display in the club's museum

The history of Liverpool Football Club from 1959 to 1985 covers the period from the appointment of Bill Shankly as manager of the then-Second Division club, to the Heysel Stadium disaster and its aftermath.

Overhauling the team during his first year at Liverpool, Shankly released 24 players and converted a

UEFA Cup
. The following season was Shankly's last, in which the club won the FA Cup once more.

Shankly's assistant Bob Paisley took over in 1974; his first season in charge saw Liverpool finish second, before winning the League championship and UEFA Cup the following season. Three European Cups and four League championships followed before Paisley retired at the end of 1982–83, to be replaced by his assistant, Joe Fagan.

Liverpool won a treble of trophies during Fagan's first season as manager, winning the League championship for the third year in succession, the

Juventus
, Liverpool fans breached a fence separating the two groups of supporters, and charged the Juventus fans. The resulting weight of people caused a retaining wall to collapse, killing 39 fans, mostly Italians. The incident became known as the Heysel Stadium disaster and resulted in the expulsion of English clubs from European competition for five years.

1959–65: rebuilding

Statue of Bill Shankly with his arms held aloft
Pictured is a statue of Bill Shankly outside Anfield. Shankly won promotion to the First Division and the club's first league title since 1947.

Huddersfield Town's Bill Shankly was appointed Liverpool manager midway through the 1959–60 season. He was approached by Liverpool chairman T. V. Williams, who asked Shankly if he would like to manage "the best club in the country", to which he replied, "Why, is Matt Busby packing up?".[1] A perceived lack of ambition at Huddersfield Town and the potential at Liverpool led Shankly to accept the offer.[2] When he arrived, the club was in the Second Division, having played at this level since relegation in 1953–54.[3] During his first season in charge, Shankly gave debuts to two players: Ian Callaghan, who would go on to become the club's record appearance maker, and Roger Hunt, the club's future leading goalscorer in the League.[4][5]

Despite their introduction, Shankly's impact was not immediate, as the club finished the season in third place,[6] outside the promotion spots. Shankly had been musing on which players to keep and which to move on, and he eventually decided that 24 players should be released; by the end of his first season they had all left the club.[7] Shankly retained the existing backroom staff,[8] and converted a boot storage room into a meeting place where he and his coaches could discuss strategy. The Boot Room, as it came to be known, was to be an integral part of the club's future success.[9] Bob Paisley was clear on the significance of the Boot Room: "You got a more wide-ranging discussion in the Boot Room than the boardroom. What went on was kept within those four walls. There was a certain mystique about the place."[10]

The club again finished third the following season, despite a run of 14 games without defeat; 5 defeats in the opening 11 matches had cost Liverpool the chance of promotion.[8] Shareholder John Moores believed the club needed to spend more money on players to be successful and encouraged chairman T. V. Williams to do so.[11] The following season, Shankly signed Ian St John from Motherwell and Ron Yeats from Dundee United.[12] Shankly was confident his signings would be a success, challenging the board of directors to "sack me if they can't play".[13] St John and Yeats helped the club win promotion to the First Division; they won the Second Division with 62 points, and were unbeaten at their home ground Anfield all season.[14] Liverpool were back in the First Division for the first time in eight years in 1962–63. Despite an uneasy start, they were in fifth place by March 1963, after a 13-match unbeaten run.[15] Liverpool's form suffered following their 1–0 loss to Leicester City in the FA Cup semi-final, and a poor run of results including a 7–2 defeat to Tottenham Hotspur saw the club finish the season in eighth place.[16]

Liverpool playing Ajax of Netherlands in the European Cup, a match they lost 5–1

The following season, Shankly signed

Kop adopted You'll Never Walk Alone as their anthem.[20]

Liverpool's League championship qualified them to

final against Leeds United. The game was goalless for the first 90 minutes, but Liverpool took the lead in extra time, courtesy of a goal by Hunt. Leeds equalised shortly afterwards, but a St John goal secured a 2–1 victory for Liverpool, and their first FA Cup triumph.[23] Liverpool's form in cup competitions did not translate to their performance in the League, as the defence of their championship ended with the club finishing in seventh place.[24]

1965–70: stability

Ron Yeats captained Liverpool from 1961 to 1970.[25]

Victory in the FA Cup meant Liverpool would participate in the

final, facing German team Borussia Dortmund. The two sides were level at 1–1 at the end of 90 minutes and the match went into extra time. Liverpool were unable to score and conceded a goal to Dortmund, who won the match 2–1.[26] Shankly was unimpressed with his team's performance, stating: "We didn't play well and we gave away two silly goals."[27] Their defence of the FA Cup ended in the third round, after defeat to Chelsea.[28] Their lack of success in cup competitions was offset by regaining the League championship on the last day of April 1966 when they beat Chelsea, courtesy of two goals from Hunt.[29]

The next few seasons were not as successful. A return to the European Cup in

Football League Cup impacted negatively on Liverpool's League form.[34] They finished the season in third place behind champions Manchester City.[35] The 59 games Liverpool played during the season did not result in success.[36] The furthest the club progressed in any competition was the quarter-final of the FA Cup.[37]

The following season saw an improvement in League form, but there was no reward. Poor performances in the cup competitions meant Liverpool had less fixture congestion than the previous season, but that did not translate into a League championship as they finished in second place, six points behind Leeds United.[33] Shankly's team was beginning to age, and several players had moved on or retired. Gerry Byrne, who had been the club's left back for 12 seasons, retired after making 333 appearances.[38] Shankly now had the task of replacing the players in his squad. He started the process with the purchase of Hughes and then Ray Clemence the season before,[39] but his signings did not always work out. Tony Hateley joined for a club record fee of £96,000 from Chelsea, but injury and poor form meant he was sold to Coventry City after a year.[40] During the 1968–69 season Shankly signed Alun Evans for £100,000 from Wolverhampton Wanderers, a record fee for a teenager at the time. Despite a good start, Evans suffered a series of injuries that cut his career short.[41]

The 1969–70 season was the beginning of a transitional period for Liverpool, as players such as Hunt, St John and Yeats made their last appearances for the club.[42] A sixth-round loss to Watford in the FA Cup convinced Shankly that some of his older players should be moved on.[43] Liverpool nevertheless started the season well, and were unbeaten in their first ten League matches until a 1–0 defeat to Manchester United.[36] They were unable to maintain their early season form and finished in fifth place.[44] Success in the other cup competitions was not forthcoming, as Liverpool exited in the early rounds of the Football League Cup and Inter-Cities Fairs Cup.[37]

1970–75: transition

Shankly's new squad began to take shape during

final of the FA Cup, and played Arsenal. Although Liverpool took the lead in extra time after a goalless 90 minutes, Arsenal won 2–1 to complete a League and cup double.[47]

A set of gates with the inscription "Paisley Gateway" at the top. In the middle of the sets of gates are two emblems
The Paisley Gateway is a tribute to former manager Bob Paisley, who is the most successful manager in the club's history.

Before the final against Arsenal, Shankly signed

final against German team Borussia Mönchengladbach. A 3–0 victory in the first leg and a 2–0 loss in the second leg meant Liverpool won the tie 3–2 on aggregate, claiming their first European trophy.[52] They became the first English team to win the League and a European trophy in the same season.[53]

final of the FA Cup, beating Newcastle United 3–0 to win the cup for the second time.[60] Shankly bought Ray Kennedy from Arsenal at the end of the season, which was his last act as Liverpool manager. He resigned soon afterwards, citing the need for a break,[61] and was replaced by his assistant Bob Paisley.[62]

Shankly continued to turn up at Melwood, the club's training ground, where the players still referred to him as 'boss'. Reluctantly, Paisley asked him to stay away from training, in order to assert his authority as manager.[63] Liverpool started 1974–75 well; they were unbeaten in their first six League matches, and recorded their biggest ever win when they beat Strømsgodset 11–0 in the 1974–75 European Cup Winners' Cup.[64] Liverpool were nevertheless knocked out by Hungarian side Ferencváros on the away goals rule in the next round.[65] The club's participation in domestic cup competitions ended early as well, being eliminated in the fourth round in the FA Cup and Football League Cup.[66] Liverpool's good start to the season in the League was not sustained and they eventually finished in second place.[62] Paisley made some important signings during the course of the season. He signed Phil Neal, Terry McDermott and Jimmy Case, who would become regulars in the successful team that Paisley was to build.[66]

1975–81: sustained success

1978 European Cup Final
.

The

final of the UEFA Cup. A 4–3 aggregate victory over Belgian team Club Brugge meant the club won the trophy for the second time.[68]

Before the start of

final to Manchester United.[73]

Keegan had been sold to German club

1978 Football League Cup Final.[78] After ending 0–0 the match went to a replay, which Nottingham Forest won 1–0.[79]

Liverpool began 1978–79 in contrasting fashion. They were drawn against Nottingham Forest in the first round of the European Cup and were eliminated after a 2–0 aggregate defeat. There was also an early exit from the League Cup, as they lost 1–0 to Sheffield United in the second round. But those setbacks were offset by Liverpool's start in the League; they won their first six games and did not lose until their twelfth—a 1–0 loss to Everton.[80] Their form continued over the season and they won the League, finishing eight points ahead of Nottingham Forest.[79] Their performance in the League broke several records; the 68 points they gained surpassed the 67 earned by Leeds United in 1968–69. The 16 goals conceded was another record.[75]

Liverpool retained the League championship in the following season. Despite early defeats to Southampton and Nottingham Forest, they were top by January 1980 and stayed there for the remainder of the season. A 4–1 victory over Aston Villa in the penultimate game of the season secured the League championship.[81] Key to the club's success was their home form; they were unbeaten at Anfield all season, and only conceded eight goals.[75] Their impressive form in the League did not translate to Europe, as Liverpool were knocked out in the first round of the European Cup by Soviet team Dinamo Tbilisi.[82] They fared better in the FA Cup and League Cup, but were unable to progress past the semi-final stage in either competition.[79] During the season, Liverpool became the first British club to wear the name of a sponsor, Hitachi, on their shirts. Chairman John Smith was clear about the club's need for extra income: "The days are gone when a club like ours can control its destiny on the money coming through the turnstiles."[83]

The

1981 European Cup Final, and they won the competition for the third time, courtesy of an Alan Kennedy goal in a 1–0 victory.[86]

1981–85: triumph and tragedy

1984 European Cup Final
on display in the club's museum

Following their fifth-place League finish the previous season, Liverpool were eager to regain the League championship. Their goalkeeper, Clemence, had signed for Tottenham Hotspur, and was replaced by

final meant Liverpool won the competition for the third year in succession.[91] Before the start of the season, Paisley had announced his intention to retire from management aged 64.[92] Paisley had won six League championships, three European Cups and League Cups during his reign, making him the most successful manager in the club's history.[91] He was replaced by his assistant Joe Fagan.[93]

Liverpool continued their success into

penalty after Grobbelaar had distracted Roma player Francesco Graziani, causing him to miss his own penalty.[97]

Plan of the Heysel Stadium, showing the section of the stadium where the disaster occurred

Fagan's second season in charge was less successful, as Liverpool failed to win a trophy for the first time in nine years.

Juventus at the Heysel Stadium commenced, Liverpool fans had breached a fence separating the two sets of supporters. As the Juventus fans fled to safety, the accumulation of people against a perimeter wall caused it to collapse, killing 39 fans, most of whom were Italians.[103] The collapse of the wall led to rioting by Juventus fans at the other end of the ground. As a result, the match was delayed by two hours, but was played regardless, as it was feared its abandonment would lead to further violence.[104] Juventus won the final 1–0.[105]

In the aftermath of the match, the blame for the Heysel Stadium disaster was laid on the Liverpool fans. UEFA official Günter Schneider stated, "Only the English fans were responsible. Of that, there is no doubt."[106] As a result, The Football Association withdrew English clubs from European competition, and two days later UEFA banned English clubs for "an indeterminate period of time".[107] A condition was added, stipulating that Liverpool would serve another three-year ban once the ban on English clubs was lifted.[108] Fagan had decided to retire before the match; he felt the team needed rebuilding and he was not the ideal man to do this with his 64th birthday approaching.[109] He was replaced by Dalglish, who became the club's first player-manager.[101]

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  2. ^ "Shankly signs in at Anfield". Liverpool F.C. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
  3. ^ Pead 1986, p. 23.
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  14. ^ Pead 1986, pp. 24–25.
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