History of Sunderland A.F.C.
Sunderland have also won the FA Cup twice, in 1937 against
Early years and "The Team of all Talents": 1879–1913
Sunderland AFC began life as "Sunderland & District Teachers Association Football Club", and was announced to the world on 27 September 1880 by The Sunderland Daily Echo and Shipping Gazette.
On 16 October 1880 the Sunderland Daily Echo and Shipping Gazette announced that the club's name had been changed to Sunderland Association Football Club; and non-teachers were allowed to join.
Sunderland's games consisted of local competitions and the FA Cup. Additionally, they participated in friendlies with Football League clubs; they beat the League champions
They came close to winning three successive League championships in the 1893–94 season, when they finished as runners-up to Aston Villa.[16] The club shared this period of success with Aston Villa; the battles between these clubs were the subject of a Thomas Hemy painting of the two clubs during the 1894–95 season This is one of the earliest recorded paintings of a competitive Football League match; entitled A Corner Kick, the painting now stands in the doorway of Sunderland's current stadium, the Stadium of Light.[17] Sunderland achieved their third League title in four seasons in the 1894–95 season,[16] and after their League championship success took part in a game with Heart of Midlothian, the champions of Scotland. The game was played on 27 April 1895, and was described as the "Championship of the World title match". Sunderland won the game 5–3 and were crowned "Champions of the World".[16][18]
The wealthy miner Samuel Tyzack, who alongside and shipbuilder Robert Turnbull funded the "team of all talents," often pretended to be a priest while scouting for players in Scotland, as Sunderland's recruitment policy enraged many Scottish fans. In fact, the Sunderland lineup in the 1895 World Championship consisted entirely of Scottish players[19][18] (English-born Tom Porteous and Irish-born David Hannah were also involved in the period, but both were raised in Scotland and recruited from local clubs there).
Together with Aston Villa, Sunderland were the subject of one of the earliest football paintings in the world – possibly the earliest – when in 1895 the artist Thomas M. M. Hemy painted a picture of a game between the teams at Sunderland's then ground Newcastle Road.[20]
In their first three league titles,
Further titles and the move to Roker Park: 1896–1913
After taking Sunderland to three English League championship titles manager Watson resigned at the end of the 1895–96 season, in order to join Liverpool.[25] Robert Campbell replaced him.[25] From 1886 until 1898, Sunderland's home ground was in Newcastle Road.[26] In 1898, the club moved to what would become their home for almost a century, Roker Park.[27] Initially the ground had a capacity of 30,000.[27] However, over the following decades it was continually expanded, and at its peak would hold an official crowd of over 75,000 in a sixth round FA Cup replay against Derby County on 8 March 1933.[28] Campbell did not achieve the same playing success as former manager Watson, as Sunderland failed to win any titles in his three seasons at the club, which he left in the 1898–99 season to join Bristol City.[29] Scotsman Alex Mackie replaced Campbell as manager, and gained success in the 1901–02 season when Sunderland won their fourth League title.[30] He followed this up with victory in the Sheriff of London Charity Shield, a competition featuring the best amateur and professional sides in England. Sunderland beat leading amateurs Corinthians 3–0.[31]
In December 1902, Sunderland joined Arthur Bridgett. He went on to captain the "Black Cats" for ten years and gain his eleven England caps, making him Sunderland's second most-capped England International behind Dave Watson.[32]
In 1904 Sunderland were involved in a financial irregularity, when the club's board of directors gave their right back Andy McCombie £100 (£11,500 today) to start a business, with the view that his benefit game would enable him repay the money.[33][34] McCombie however, saw the money as a gift and refused to pay back the club. The Football Association launched an inquiry and agreed with McCombie, stating that it was a "resigning/win/draw bonus". The club's records showed further breaches of the League's financial rules.[33] As a result, Sunderland were fined £250 (£28,700 today)and six directors were suspended for two and a half years.[33][34] McCombie later signed for Newcastle United, and helped towards their spell of League success.[33]
After 214 matches in charge of Sunderland, Mackie left the club as a result of the "McCombie affair".[35] He was replaced by Irishman Bob Kyle; another 70 candidates had also applied for the managerial.[36] In 1905 Sunderland were involved in the first £1,000 (£114,200 today) transfer fee for a player, when Alf Common signed for Middlesbrough.[34][35] The 1907–08 season included Sunderland's record League win, a 9–1 victory against Newcastle United at St James' Park.[37] Billy Hogg and George Holley each scored hat-tricks, while Arthur Bridgett scored two.[38]
Kyle achieved his only League championship in charge of Sunderland in the
First World War and inter-war period, 1913–1939
Sunderland finished in eighth place in 1914–15 Division One season,[43] before World War I forced the break-up of the team as men went off to fight on the continent.[44] Charlie Buchan and Bob Young each went on to win the Military Medal.[44] After the resumption of the Football League following the war, Sunderland finished fifth in the 1919–20 season.[45]
To consolidate themselves in the First Division, Sunderland made several large money signings, including a world record fee of £5,500 (£320,000 today) for the signing of
In April 1925, Sunderland completed the signing of centre forward
Despite winning the league, the seasons did not go without tragedy. The young goalkeeper of the team,
The League championship led to Sunderland playing in the Charity Shield against FA Cup-winners Arsenal. Sunderland won the shield after goals from
Second World War and postwar period, 1939–1959
In January 1949, Sunderland were involved in what is often regarded as the first case of a player transferring himself when they paid £18,000 (£677,000 today) for
For Sunderland, the immediate post-war years were characterised by significant spending; the club paid £18,000 (£677,000 today) for Carlisle United's Ivor Broadis in January 1949.[34] Broadis was also Carlisle's manager at the time, and this is the first instance of a player transferring himself to another club.[75] This, along with record-breaking transfer fees to secure the services of Len Shackleton and Welsh international Trevor Ford, led to a contemporary nickname, the "Bank of England club".[76] The club finished third in the First Division in 1950,[77] their highest finish since the 1936 championship.
Len Shackleton, known as the "Clown Prince of Soccer", later admitted that the players were more a collection of talented individuals than a true team, and that "it takes time to harness and control a team of thoroughbreds. It took time to achieve the blend at Roker Park".[78] Shackleton and centre-forward Trevor Ford would never build any kind of relationship on or off the pitch however, and Ford once threatened to never play in the same Sunderland team as Shackleton until he was forced to back down by manager Bill Murray.[79] Ford was sold on to Cardiff City in November 1953.[80]
In January 1957, a letter was delivered to
In 1958, with Brown in charge, Sunderland were relegated from Division One for the first time in their history,[82] bringing their 68-year stay in England's top division to an end. Going into the final game of the season, they still had a chance of avoiding relegation, if they could win their game against Portsmouth and if Leicester City could be held by Birmingham City.[82] Sunderland won their game 2–0,[83] but Birmingham could not prevent Leicester from winning, thus Sunderland were relegated.[82]
FA Cup glory and Europe: 1959–1979
After Sunderland's first relegation from Division One in the 1957–58 season, the club at first languished in the lower half of Division Two, finishing the 1959–60 season in sixteenth place.[84] Two finishes in third place followed in the 1961–62 and 1962–63 seasons, Sunderland in each case missing out on promotion by just one position. The 1961–62 season also saw the retirement of Brian Clough due to injury,[85] after he had scored 63 goals in 74 games for the club.[86] After six years in Division Two, Sunderland were promoted back to the First Division at the end of the 1963–64 season.[87]
In 1964 Brown left his managerial post at Sunderland on appointment as manager of Sheffield Wednesday. After Sunderland had played through three months of the 1964–65 season without a manager, George Hardwick took over on a caretaker basis,[88] until Ian McColl was appointed on a permanent basis at the end of the season.[89] Brown returned for a second spell at Sunderland in 1968.[90] After their promotion Sunderland failed to make an impact in Division One, never finishing higher than fifteenth in six years, after which they were relegated for the second time.[91] Billy Elliott, a former Sunderland player, took over after Brown's second departure,[92] but managed the team for only four matches before former Newcastle United player Bob Stokoe was appointed as permanent manager.[92]
An intriguing interlude came about in 1967, when Sunderland spent a summer in
In 1973, as a Second Division side, Sunderland reached the
The FA Cup win in 1973 meant that Sunderland, for the first time in their history, had qualified for a European competition, in this case the
In
Two cup finals: 1979–1997
Sunderland celebrated their centenary in the 1979–80 season with a testimonial match. They played an "England XI", featuring players from Newcastle United and from Middlesbrough; they lost the game 2–0.[102] In 1979, after Elliot ended his spell, Ken Knighton took the vacant manager's position.[102] Knighton managed Sunderland for 94 games, leading them in his first season to second place in Division Two, and promotion to the First Division,[103] However, he was sacked the following season, when Sunderland were struggling near the bottom of Division One.[104] Mick Docherty was brought in as caretaker manager until the end of the 1980–81 season, and helped them avoid relegation.[105]
The activity in the Sunderland manager's seat continued, with Alan Durban's appointment in 1981.[106] He lasted two years, before being sacked in the 1983–84 season after a defeat by Manchester United. Former player Pop Robson was brought in for a single game,[107] before
Lawrie McMenemy was brought in as manager in 1985,[110] but Sunderland reached the lowest point in their history in 1987, when they suffered relegation to the Third Division after losing a two-leg play-off to Gillingham.[111] The return of 1973 FA Cup winning manager Bob Stokoe,[112] appointed caretaker manager following the sacking of McMenemy, could not help Sunderland avoid relegation. It was the first time in their history that they had fallen into the Third Division. However, under new manager Denis Smith, promotion was gained at the first attempt; Sunderland returned to the Second Division as Third Division champions in 1988.[113]
Two years later, Sunderland reached the Second Division play-off final, after beating Newcastle United in the semi-final. During the second leg of the semi-final at
After just one season in the First Division, Sunderland were relegated again.
Before the end of 1993, Butcher's reign as manager came to an end after 45 games in charge, and he was replaced by Mick Buxton.[122] In a period which included six managers in ten years, Buxton was sacked in 1995.[123] Sunderland's board turned to Peter Reid as temporary manager, in the hopes of keeping Sunderland clear of relegation.[124] That objective was achieved within weeks, and Reid was rewarded with a permanent contract.[124] Reid's first full season as Sunderland manager, 1995–96, was successful; the club won the Division One title and gained promotion to the Premier League for the first time since the League restructuring which had taken effect in 1992–93.[125] In the 1996–97 season, despite beating Manchester United,[126] Arsenal[127] and Chelsea[128] they were relegated.[129]
In 1998, BBC broadcast a six-part documentary named Premier Passions. It chronicled Sunderland A.F.C. during the 1996–97 season, in which the club was relegated from the Premier League, the year after winning promotion from the Football League First Division, and the move to Stadium of Light.[130][131]
New stadium: 1997–2008
In the 1996–97 season Sunderland relocated to the 42,000-seat Stadium of Light at Monkwearmouth, after 99 years at Roker Park.[132] Fans reaction was mixed, and following the demolition of Roker Park, playwright Tom Kelly and actor Paul Dunn created a one-man play called "I Left My Heart at Roker Park" about a fan struggling with the move and what Roker Park meant for him – the play originally ran in 1997, and had a few revivals since.[133][134][135][136]
Actor and Sunderland supporter Peter O'Toole, described Roker Park as his last connection to the club and that everything "they meant to him was when they were at Roker Park" and that as a result he wasn't as much a fan as he used to be.[137][138][139]
The stadium's capacity was later expanded to 49,000 seats, making it the
In their first full season at the new ground, 1997–98, Sunderland finished third in Division One.
In the
In September 2001, Sunderland chairman Bob Murray announced the separation of Sunderland's charitable and community work from the mainstream club activity, and the independent SAFC Foundation was created.[146] Later, the foundation came to be known as the Foundation of Light.
In
In the 2003–04 season Sunderland finished third in Division One,
On 6 August 2007, Sunderland celebrated 10 years at the Stadium of Light with a draw against Juventus,[158] and prepared for the oncoming season by spending nearly £40 million on new players for the squad,[159] whilst also breaking the British transfer record for a goalkeeper with the £9 million transfer of Craig Gordon.[160] Sunderland secured their Premier League status for the 2008–09 season after a derby victory over Middlesbrough, and with teams below failing to win.[161] On 25 October 2008, Sunderland defeated rivals Newcastle United 2–1 at the Stadium of Light, their first home win over them since 1980, and the first time they had ever defeated them at that ground.[162] on 4 December 2008, Keane left Sunderland after a run of defeats in the Premier League.[163] First-team coach Ricky Sbragia took over as caretaker manager,[163] and on 27 December 2008 Sbragia took the job on a permanent basis, signing an 18-month contract.[164] Despite promising early results, the team continued to struggle and narrowly avoided relegation from the Premiership on the last day of the season, after which Sbragia resigned from his post.
2008–present
Irish-American tycoon Ellis Short completed a full takeover of the club from the Irish Drumaville Consortium,[165] and Steve Bruce was announced as the new manager on 3 June 2008.[166]
After being named Sunderland's Young Player of the Year for two seasons in a row,[167] at the end of the 2010–11 season, Jordan Henderson was transferred to Liverpool F.C., where he went on to become captain and win the Champions League.[168][169]
Despite signing numerous new players before the 2012–13 season, Sunderland endured a difficult start to the season, with their first victory not coming until late September against Wigan. Despite the £5 million signing of
In his first season, Paolo Di Canio succeeded in keeping Sunderland in the Premier League,[177][178] but the 2013–14 season proved to be less of a success, and Di Canio was sacked after picking up just one point in five league games. On 8 October 2013 when Gus Poyet was appointed manager of Sunderland.[179]
Poyet took over at Sunderland during the 2013-14 Premier League campaign.[180] Although he had a rough start to his tenure as Sunderland manager, suffering a 4–0 defeat to Swansea in his first match in charge,[181] Poyet ended up securing Premier League safety in the penultimate game of the season.[182] He also took Sunderland to the League Cup Final in the same season, defeating Manchester United in penalty kicks in the semi-finals. These achievements earned Poyet a new two-year contract with the club on 28 May 2014.[183]
The following season was less of a success for Gus Poyet, with Sunderland just above the bottom three after a 4–0 defeat to Aston Villa on 14 March 2015.[184] Two days after the defeat, the club sacked Poyet due to the bad run of results that left Sunderland in 17th, just one point above the relegation zone.[185] Sam Allardyce replaced Poyet and guided them to a 17th-place finish with a 3 - 0 home win over Everton, thus dumping Newcastle into the Championship.
Sam Allardyce took the position of England manager and was replaced by David Moyes.
Sunderland finished the 2016–17 season 20th in the Premier League and were relegated to the Championship under David Moyes, In June 2017, goalkeeper Jordan Pickford, a product of Sunderland's academy who joined the club aged eight, was transferred to Everton for a fee of £25 million, rising to a possible £30 million, a record for a British goalkeeper.[186]
Sunderland finished the
In April 2018, the team was purchased by a consortium led by Stewart Donald, with Ellis Short selling it after a second successive relegation to League One.[190] Steward Donald agreed to sell Eastleigh so that he could own Sunderland.[191] On 21 May, he officially became owner of Sunderland, doing so without the consortium to speed the transition.[192]
See also
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- ^ "Durham Miners' Association: Our Issues With Di Canio at Sunderland Now Resolved". Archived from the original on 25 June 2013. Retrieved 24 April 2013.
- ^ Taylor, Matthew (2 April 2013). "Sunderland miners demand return of banner after Paolo Di Canio's arrival". The Guardian. London.
- ^ "Miners join opposition to Paolo Di Canio's appointment at Sunderland". The Independent. London. 2 April 2013.
- ^ Magowan, Alistair (14 April 2013). "Newcastle 0-3 Sunderland". BBC Sport.
- ^ Rose, Gary (22 September 2013). "Paolo Di Canio: Sunderland reign that lasted only six months". BBC Sport.
- ^ "Gus Poyet: Sunderland name Uruguayan as new head coach". BBC Sport. 8 October 2013. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
- ^ "Gus Poyet: Sunderland name Uruguayan as new head coach". BBC Sport. 8 October 2013. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
- ^ Sanghera, Mandeep (19 October 2013). "Swansea 4-0 Sunderland". BBC Sport. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
- ^ Luke Reddy. "Sunderland 2-0 West Bromwich Albion". BBC Sport. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
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- ^ "Sunderland supporters vote with their feet after Aston Villa run riot". The Guardian. 14 March 2015. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
- ^ "Sunderland part company with Poyet". premierleague.com. 16 March 2015. Archived from the original on 18 March 2015. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
- ^ "Jordan Pickford: Everton confirm £25m, rising to £30m, deal with Sunderland". BBC Sport. 15 June 2017.
- ^ Johns, Craig (26 November 2018). "Sunderland AFC Netflix documentary gets a release date and a title too". Evening Chronicle. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
- ^ "'Sunderland 'Til I Die' Season 2 Will Happen Despite Club Members' Disapproval To Documentary Series". Business Times. 25 August 2019. Archived from the original on 20 September 2019.
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- ^ Mennear, Richard (29 April 2018). "Who is Stewart Donald? The Eastleigh chairman set to take control of Sunderland". i. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
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External links
- Sunderland at the Football Club History Database