History of the Scotland national football team

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Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

The history of the

most keenly contested fixture being the match with England. The Scottish Football Association, which governs the team, joined the international governing body FIFA in 1910, but along with the other Home Nations withdrew from FIFA in 1928. This meant that Scotland did not participate in the World Cups of 1930, 1934 or 1938. The Home Nations rejoined FIFA after the Second World War and Scotland then started to participate in international competitions. Scotland have since participated in eight World Cups and three European Championship
tournaments, but have never progressed beyond the first stage.

Early history (1872–1939)

Iillustrations of the first international at Hamilton Crescent, by William Ralston.

Scotland and

rivalry quickly developed.[2]

The first international against Wales came on 25 March 1876 when the Scots were comfortable 4–0 winners.[3]

The Scotland team that played against England in 1892.
The Scotland national team in 1895.

Between 1872 and 1929, Scotland only played matches against the other

Ireland and Wales. Initially the matches between the Home Nations were merely annual friendly fixtures, but the introduction of the British Home Championship
in 1884 provided competitive international football for the first time. The lack of games against other opponents was largely due to the assumed dominance of the Home Nations in football and the logistical problems of arranging internationals in the days before air travel was commonplace.

During these early years, defeats for Scotland were something of a rarity, losing just two of their first 43 international matches. It wasn't until a 2–0 home defeat by Ireland in 1903 that Scotland lost a match to a team other than England.

1928,[5] which led to that team being dubbed the Wembley Wizards. However, the Scottish eleven in that match never played together again, and soon a dispute with the English authorities over the release of players in 1930 led to the SFA only selecting home-based players for some time.[6][7] There had been eight 'Anglos' involved in the 1928 victory, but it would be a decade later before so many were involved in the fixture again.[8]

The SFA joined

continental opposition and enjoyed wins against Germany, the Netherlands and France before being beaten 5–0 by the Austrian Wunderteam and 3–0 by Italy
.

Due to their withdrawal from FIFA, Scotland did not participate in the

Jim Brown scoring the American goal.[10][9]

1950s

1950 British Home Championship acting as a qualifying group.[11] However, the SFA stated that they would only send a team to the World Cup if they won the Home Championship. Going into their last game with England this was a possibility, but a 1–0 defeat meant that Scotland finished second behind England and the SFA declined to send the national side to the World Cup.[11][12][13] Scottish-born Ed McIlvenny was part of the United States team that beat England 1–0 at the finals.[10][14][15]

The SFA took a more relaxed stance for the

Huddersfield Town.[17] Beattie resigned during the World Cup after the SFA had decided to take only 13 players, despite FIFA allowing 22 to be selected. Scotland were beaten 1–0 and 7–0 by Austria and Uruguay respectively in the finals.[18] As of October 2020 the defeat by Uruguay is the heaviest defeat that Scotland have ever suffered.[17]

Scotland also

West Germany.[19] The team earned their first World Cup point with a 1–1 draw with Yugoslavia, but they lost their other two matches to Paraguay and France and therefore finished bottom of their group. Matt Busby was due to manage the team at the World Cup, but due to the severe injuries he suffered in the Munich air disaster, trainer Dawson Walker
took charge of the team.

1960s

The

Malky McDonald
all then had brief spells as manager.

Bobby Brown was appointed Scotland manager in 1967. His first match as manager was something of a daunting one, against the 1966 World Cup winners England at Wembley. Despite including four Lisbon Lions and other greats including Denis Law, Jim Baxter and Billy Bremner, the team were considered underdogs against England, who were unbeaten in 19 internationals.[20] Scotland emerged with a famous 3–2 victory, with the goals scored by Denis Law, Bobby Lennox and debutant Jim McCalliog. The victory led fans to call Scotland the "unofficial world champions". Towards the end of the match, Scotland winger Jim Baxter famously played keepie uppie at walking pace as he tormented the opposition. The Herald writer Glyn Edwards described the scene as follows:[21]

I shall cherish for a long time the memory of Baxter slowing down the game to almost walking pace, insouciantly juggling the ball with instep, forehead and knees while Stiles, no more than a couple of yards away, bobbed up and down, unsure whether to make his challenge at knee or head level.

Despite the famous victory at Wembley, Scotland missed out on the chance to play a quarter-final match against

1968 British Home Championships.[21] Bobby Brown's managership continued to be inconsistent, as the team failed to qualify for the 1970 World Cup
.

1970s

Tommy Docherty was appointed as manager in 1971 and achieved some short-term success, including sharing a British Home Championship. He resigned from the Scotland job to become manager of Manchester United.

1974 World Cup

1974 British Home Championship with England but failed to qualify for the 1976 European Championship
. Willie Ormond resigned in 1977 after several minor breaches of player discipline.

1978 World Cup

Scotland appointed

Joe Jordan. Kenny Dalglish
then sealed the victory with a memorable diving header.

During the buildup to the tournament,

Joe Jordan goal put Scotland 1–0 up after just 14 minutes. They looked even better when they were awarded a penalty kick, but Don Masson spurned the chance to put them two up and Peru were level by half-time. After the break they took control of the match and a late second half double from Teófilo Cubillas condemned Scotland to a 3–1 defeat. Willie Johnston
tested positive for a drug test after the game and was subsequently sent home in disgrace.

Scotland again took the lead in their second match against Iran but a 60th-minute equaliser from Iraj Danaeifard saw Scotland's World Cup hopes hanging by a thread. The disconsolate and shell-shocked mood of the nation was reflected by footage of Ally MacLeod in the dugout with his head in his hands. After taking just 1 point from their opening two games, Scotland had to defeat one of the tournament favourites, the Netherlands, by three clear goals to qualify. Despite the Dutch taking the lead, Scotland fought back to lead 3–1 with goals from Kenny Dalglish and a double from Archie Gemmill, the second of which is generally regarded as the best goal in Scotland's history as he beat three Dutch defenders before lifting the ball over goalkeeper Jan Jongbloed. The joy was short lived, however, as within three minutes the Dutch striker Johnny Rep had pulled a goal back and the match finished 3–2. Scotland bowed out of the tournament on goal difference for the second successive World Cup. After the finals MacLeod took charge of only one more match, a 3–2 defeat by Austria in the first match of the 1980 European Championship qualifiers, before resigning.

1980s

Alex Ferguson managed Scotland at the 1986 FIFA World Cup, having stepped in after the sudden death of Jock Stein.

Soviet Union, with the key Soviet goal being caused by a mix-up between Willie Miller and Alan Hansen
.

Scotland once again failed to qualify for the

last qualification match needing a point to earn a play-off match. With Wales leading 1–0, Scotland were awarded a penalty kick with just nine minutes remaining, which was scored by Davie Cooper.[22] As the players and fans celebrated the final score of 1–1, rumours began to circulate that manager Jock Stein had suffered a heart attack, from which he soon died.[22]

Stein's assistant

Ernie Walker memorably described the Uruguayans as "animals". Ferguson relinquished the Scotland job after the World Cup and moved on to Manchester United
a few months later.

Following the

goalkeeper Jim Leighton
allowed the Norwegians to equalise. Had the Norwegians scored again, Scotland would have been out, but the 65,000 crowd breathed a sigh of relief when the final whistle went.

1990s

1990 World Cup

The team went into the

friendly match, with Stewart McKimmie scoring the only goal.[23] In their opening World Cup match, however, the team shockingly lost 1–0 to World Cup debutants Costa Rica. They recovered to win the following match against Sweden 2–1, with Stuart McCall and Mo Johnston scoring. This left Scotland realistically needing a point from their final game against Brazil to qualify. Scotland held the score at 0–0 for eighty minutes, but then conceded a goal by Careca
after Leighton had fumbled a long-range shot. The team could still have qualified for the last 16 with favourable results in other matches, but the other results went against Scotland, who were again eliminated at the group stage.

Euro 92

The UEFA Euro 1992 qualifying campaign was unspectacular, but effective, allowing Scotland to make their first appearance in a European Championship Finals. A 1–0 defeat away to Romania looked to have ended their chances, but a 1–1 draw between Bulgaria and Romania in the final group match allowed Scotland to squeeze through. The team were knocked out of the first round of the finals due to losses against Holland and Germany, but the final match produced a consolation 3–0 win over the former Soviet Union. The Scotland fans won an award from UEFA for their superb behaviour in the tournament, which changed the stereotype that had been set by the Wembley pitch invasion of 1977.

1994 World Cup qualifying

Scotland faced a tough group in the bid to qualify for the 1994 FIFA World Cup, as they were drawn with Italy, Portugal and Switzerland. Scotland lost their opening match in Switzerland 3–1, with Richard Gough sent off for a deliberate handball. Scotland were playing away from their normal home stadium of Hampden Park because of redevelopment work for an all-seater stadium and were able to grind out goalless draws against both Italy and Portugal at Ibrox towards the end of 1992. After a 3–0 win against Malta at Ibrox the moment of truth came when the team were destroyed 5–0 by Portugal in Lisbon in April 1993. Ally McCoist broke his leg during the match, after which Roxburgh said "a team died out there".[24]

The match itself is considered one of the worst results in the history of the national team. In 2015, Scotland manager Gordon Strachan referenced the match when talking about creating change in Scottish football: "Funnily enough, I felt that when Scotland got beat 5-0 by Portugal and Ally McCoist broke his leg. There was an outcry about the standard. I said it at that time, but only after another 20 years have passed do I feel that I can affect things, and performance director Brian McClair can affect things and the SFA can affect things".[25]

Captain

Craig Brown was appointed as manager, Gough said he wanted to play for Scotland again, but Brown refused to bring him back and ended his international career.[26] Andy Roxburgh's final match in charge was a 1–1 draw against Switzerland at Pittodrie in September 1993 that mathematically ended the chance of qualification for the World Cup. It was a significant moment in Scottish football history because it meant that Scotland would not be at the World Cup for the first time since 1970
.

Craig Brown

After

Craig Brown took control, initially as caretaker. His first match was a 3–1 defeat against Italy at the Stadio Olimpico in a dead World Cup qualifying rubber. Scotland were well motivated to qualify for Euro 96 because of the failure to qualify for the World Cup and Euro 96 was to be held in England. The team only lost once in the qualifying section. The key match was a 1–0 home victory over Greece in August 1995. Ally McCoist
scored the only goal of the game, moments after coming on as a substitute, in what was his first match for his country since he had broken his leg in the thrashing by Portugal two years earlier.

Scotland's first match of the tournament was a goalless draw against

goals scored
.

Scotland moved onto the

John Collins kicked off the match for Scotland against nobody, which led the Tartan Army present to sing:[27]

There's only one team in Tallinn.

The referee blew his whistle to signal the end of the "match" after a few seconds.[27] Scotland expected to be awarded a walkover win, but the Swedish President of UEFA Lennart Johansson controversially ordered the match to be replayed in Monaco, where Scotland could only draw 0–0.[27] Despite this debacle, the team eventually sealed qualification in October 1997 with a 2–0 home victory against Latvia thanks to goals from Kevin Gallacher and Gordon Durie.

Scotland were drawn against defending champions

Cesar Sampaio had scored an early goal, but a Tom Boyd own goal led to a 2–1 defeat. Scotland then drew 1–1 against Norway in Bordeaux with Craig Burley scoring for Scotland. This left Scotland with a chance of qualifying going into the final match against Morocco
, but they lost 3–0 and were again eliminated at the opening stage.

Scotland earned a favourable draw in qualifying for

Paul Ritchie and Allan Johnston against the Czech Republic
in Prague, but the team eventually collapsed to a 3–2 defeat.

Largely due to the poor quality of the group outside the Czechs, who won all of their games, Scotland finished second in the group and progressed to a qualifying play–off against England. In the first leg of the play–off England won 2–0 at Hampden with Paul Scholes scoring both goals. Despite losing the home game and appearing to be out of contention, Scotland went to Wembley and won 1–0 with Don Hutchison scoring. It was a superb Wembley victory for Scotland, but it was a Pyrrhic victory as Scotland failed to qualify.

2000s

After being unlucky in qualifying for Euro 2000, Scotland were nowhere near the play-off stage as they failed to qualify for the 2002 FIFA World Cup. The team's failure to win against either Croatia or Belgium, their main rivals for qualification home or away was a key factor. This was despite taking a 2–0 lead at Hampden Park against Belgium, who had a player sent off in the incident that led to the second goal. Scotland then conceded two goals, including one in the last minute, allowing Belgium to escape with a 2–2 draw. When Scotland were well beaten 2–0 in the away match in Brussels, it sparked the end of several international careers with Paul Lambert, Billy Dodds and Tom Boyd all announcing their retirements after the defeat. Lambert would be persuaded back by incoming manager Berti Vogts but not before Craig Brown officially resigned from his job after 8 years in charge. His final match in charge was against Latvia in which Scotland won 2–1 at Hampden Park. Towards the end of his tenure, Brown was criticised by the media for persisting with an ageing core of players.

Berti Vogts

Berti Vogts, the first foreigner to manage Scotland.

The

Craig Brown had stuck with the same group of players that he had inherited. In Vogts' first match in charge against France at the Stade de France, Scotland were hammered 5–0 against the World and European champions. A number of friendly matches followed arranged in the first half of 2002, including a tour of the Far East. Scotland lost all of these matches, including a 4–1 defeat against South Korea. The team did manage to win 4–0 against a Hong Kong League XI
.

Vogts' team started the qualifying section for UEFA Euro 2004 in the Faroe Islands. Scotland went 2–0 down in just under 12 minutes, with both goals scored by a schoolteacher called John Petersen. Sportscene presenter Dougie Donnelly described the game at half-time as "perhaps the worst Scotland performance he had the displeasure of watching". Goals by Paul Lambert and Barry Ferguson salvaged a 2–2 draw for Scotland, but the damage had been done and Scotland were ridiculed by fans and media alike. David Weir retired from international football after being criticised by Vogts for his poor performance. Vogts also criticised Christian Dailly, but he decided to play on.

The Faroes disaster was still lingering in the minds of fans but Scotland would go on to finish second in their group to Germany to secure a play-off position for qualification for

Amsterdam Arena gave the Dutch a 6–1 win on aggregate. Ruud van Nistelrooy
scored a hat-trick as Scotland were swept aside.

Vogts received further criticism after Scotland were beaten 4–0 by

friendly match at Hampden Park, before a creditable performance against Spain
saw a match that was being drawn 1–1 when it was abandoned due to the floodlights failing.

Scotland's opening qualifier against

FIFA rankings. Vogts' assistant Tommy Burns took charge of a 4–1 friendly defeat against Sweden at Easter Road
.

The Berti Vogts era in

Scottish Football
is looked back by many people as the worst period in Scotland's history but was not helped by a considerable lack of international-quality players available to him during his reign. Vogts handed out an astonishing 40 debutants, trying to rebuild the side.

Walter Smith

free kicks by Andrea Pirlo.[29] In June 2005, Scotland beat Moldova 2–0 and drew 0–0 in Belarus.[30]

In the following season, Scotland achieved creditable results with a 1–1 draw at home to

Kirin Cup.[33] Scotland beat Bulgaria 5–1 with debutants Chris Burke and Kris Boyd scoring two goals each.[33] Scotland then kept out the hosts Japan to secure a goalless draw that won the trophy.[33]

The results under Smith had given the country hope, but Scotland were given "one of the hardest groups" for

penalties). Scotland at least got off to a good start in the group by winning 6–0 at Celtic Park against the Faroe Islands. and 2–1 in Lithuania. Scotland then recorded a famous 1–0 victory against France at Hampden on 7 October 2006, with Gary Caldwell
scoring the only goal in the 67th minute.

The next match in Kyiv against Ukraine ended in a 2–0 defeat, with Steven Pressley sent off. The defeat by Ukraine proved to be Walter Smith's final match in charge, as he returned to former club Rangers. This left Scotland managerless with just over two months until the next matches against Georgia and Italy. Former Rangers manager Alex McLeish was hotly tipped and supported by Alex Ferguson to become the new manager,[35] although long-term Scotland assistant manager Tommy Burns was also thought to be in the running. McLeish was appointed while Burns was not interviewed, which caused Burns to resign from his position.[36]

Alex McLeish

unofficial world champion title for the first time since 1967.[37] Four days later Scotland went down 2–0 to the 2006 FIFA World Cup winners Italy in Bari. Scotland continued their progress with wins over the Faroe Islands and Lithuania
.

Scotland then produced a stunning 1–0 victory over France in Paris, thanks to a long-range strike by James McFadden. They consolidated their position at the top of the qualifying group with a convincing 3–1 win against Ukraine, but a 2–0 defeat in Georgia severely damaged the position. Instead of potentially just needing a draw from the final game at home to Italy to qualify, Scotland needed to win as a draw would leave them depending on other results.

Italy took an early lead and had chances to knock Scotland out early, but the team battled back with an equalising goal by

free kick in injury time that led to a winning goal for Italy. After narrowly failing to qualify for Euro 2008, McLeish resigned to take the manager's job at Birmingham City.[38]

George Burley

Scotland's improved results in the last two campaigns meant the team were seeded second for

Macedonia and Iceland.[39] Southampton manager George Burley was hired as the new manager, but the team failed to win three preparatory friendlies against Croatia, Czech Republic and Northern Ireland. Burley came in for criticism from the media after the team lost their first qualifier against Macedonia,[40] but they recovered to win 2–1 in Iceland.[41] The next match was a goalless draw at home against Norway, during which debutant Chris Iwelumo missed an open goal from three yards.[42]

Scotland lost their fourth match 3–0 away to the Netherlands.[43] captain Barry Ferguson and goalkeeper Allan McGregor, who had both played in that match, were dropped for the following match against Iceland due to a "breach of discipline".[44] George Burley made five changes in all for the match, which ended in a 2–1 win for Scotland, with Ross McCormack and Steven Fletcher both scoring on their competitive home debuts.[45] A terrible 4–0 defeat by Norway in the following qualifier, however, left Scotland effectively needing to win their last two games to have a realistic chance of making the qualifying play-offs.[46] Scotland defeated Macedonia 2–0 in the first of those two games at Hampden,[47] but were eliminated by a 1–0 loss to the Netherlands in the second game.[48]

Nonetheless, Burley was allowed to continue in his post after a review by the

friendly defeat by Wales, as he conceded that it was a "very poor" performance, while the Tartan Army "showed their disgruntlement with Burley and the SFA" during the match.[52] The SFA sacked Burley on 16 November 2009.[53]

2010s

Craig Levein

The SFA appointed

UEFA Euro 2012 qualification, Scotland were grouped with Lithuania, Liechtenstein, Czech Republic and world champions Spain.[55][56] They took just four points from the first four games, leaving the team needing three wins from their remaining four games to have a realistic chance of progression.[56] They only managed two wins and a draw and were eliminated after a 3–1 defeat by Spain in their last match.[57] Levein left his position as head coach following a poor start to 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification, having taken just two points from four games.[58]

Gordon Strachan

Gordon Strachan was appointed Scotland manager in January 2013,[59] but defeats in his first two competitive matches meant that Scotland were the first UEFA team to be eliminated.[60] In their next competitive game, however, Scotland produced a surprise away victory against a Croatia (ranked fourth by FIFA at the time).[61] They also won the return match against Croatia[62] and finished fourth in qualifying group A.

In UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying, Scotland appeared to have a better chance of qualification as the finals tournament was expanded from 16 teams to 24, but were drawn in a tough group with Germany, Poland and Republic of Ireland.[62] After losing their opening match in Germany, Scotland recorded home wins against Georgia, Ireland and Gibraltar, and away draws against Poland and Ireland.[62] In their following game Scotland produced an "insipid" performance, as they lost 1–0 in Georgia.[62] A home defeat by Germany left Scotland four points behind third-placed Ireland, with two games left to play.[62] In the penultimate matches of the group, Scotland needed to beat Poland, or hope that Ireland would lose to Germany.[62] Scotland came from behind to lead 2–1 in their game, but Ireland had scored the only goal of their game, leaving the Scots needing a win to stay alive.[62] A late scrambled goal by Robert Lewandowski gave Poland a draw that eliminated Scotland from contention.[62] Strachan bemoaned what he perceived to be bad luck.[62] After a win against Gibraltar in the last qualifier, Strachan agreed a new contract with the Scottish Football Association.[63]

In qualification for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, Scotland were drawn in the same group as England, facing their rivals in a competitive fixture for the first time since 1999.[64] On 11 November 2016, England beat Scotland 3–0 at Wembley.[65] The return match saw Leigh Griffiths score two late free-kicks to give Scotland a 2–1 lead, but Harry Kane scored in added time to force a 2–2 draw.[66] A draw in Slovenia in the final game of the group ended Scottish hopes of a play-off position, and Strachan subsequently left his position by mutual consent.[67]

Alex McLeish

In February 2018, Alex McLeish was appointed manager for the second time.[68] The team won their group in the 2018–19 UEFA Nations League, guaranteeing a play-off position for UEFA Euro 2020, but McLeish left in April 2019. This followed a 3–0 loss to 117th-ranked Kazakhstan in the first match of the UEFA Euro 2020 qualifying group.[69]

2020s

Steve Clarke

penalty shootouts against Israel[71] and Serbia put Scotland into their first major tournament since 1998.[72] Defeats by the Czech Republic and Croatia, either side of a goalless draw with England, meant that Scotland finished bottom of Group D.[73] Six consecutive wins later that year meant that Scotland finished second in Group F of 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification.[74] This progressed the team into the play-offs, where they lost 3–1 to Ukraine in a semi-final at Hampden.[74]

Scotland won promotion to League A in their final match of the 2022–23 competition, a goalless draw against Ukraine in Kraków.[75]

A record-breaking run of five consecutive wins at the start of Euro 2024 qualifying meant that Scotland secured a place at Euro 2024 with two matches to spare.[76] That winning run included a 2–0 win at home to Spain.

See also

References

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External links

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