History of trauma and orthopaedics

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The treatment of broken bones and dislocated joints can be traced as far back as the

Ancient Greeks. Hippocrates is credited with a method of reduction of a dislocated shoulder. 16th century Spanish texts talk about the Aztecs use of reduction of fractures using fir branches. The modern discipline of orthopaedics in trauma care developed during the course of World War I, but it was not until after World War II that orthopaedics became the dominant field treating fractures in much of the world. Today, the discipline encompasses conditions such as bone fractures and bone loss, as well as spinal pathology and joint disease.[1]

Greek and Roman

Several volumes of the Hippocratic Corpus, Articulations or On Joints, On Fractures, On the Instruments of Reduction discuss Ancient Greek medicine relating to orthopaedics,[2] and Hippocrates is credited with a method of reduction of a dislocated shoulder.

Renaissance Period

The Tree of Andry

16th century Spanish texts talk about the Aztecs use of reduction of fractures, as well intramedullary fixation using fir branches.[3]

Peter Lowe was the first surgeon to use the term amputation in his 1597 book A discourse of the Whole Art of Chirurgerie.[4]

Tree of Andry
and adopted by many orthopaedic associations internationally.

In 1768, Percivall Pott published his book Some Few Remarks upon Fractures and Dislocations following his compound femoral fracture on the use of splinting to avoid amputation.[6] Pott's student, John Hunter, expanded on the knowledge of bone healing.

Around the same time,

congenital deformities
.

Modern Period

Even after the

First World War lead to a dramatic reduction in the mortality following femoral fractures
.

Thomas' nephew,

Robert Jones continued his work, and was the first person to publish on the use of radiography in orthopaedics.[8]

The developing field of orthopaedics was originally focused on deformities in children, and subsequently adults. The involvement of orthopaedics in trauma care developed in the course of World War I, the interwar period, and World War II.[9] It was not until after World War II that orthopaedics became the dominant field treating fractures in much of the world.

Later in the 20th century, John Charnley pioneered hip replacement,[10] as well as published on the conservative treatment of fractures.

References

  1. ^ "Orthopaedics and Trauma". Adelaide Medical School | University of Adelaide. Retrieved 2022-06-23.
  2. ^ Hippocrates. Vol. I-VIII. Harvard: Loeb Classical Library.
  3. ^ Lucena SM (1990). America 1492 Retrato de un Continente hace quinientos años. Milano: Anaya Editores.
  4. ^ Finlayson, James (1889). Account of the life and works of Maister Peter Lowe: the founder of the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow. GLasgow: J. Maclehose.
  5. ^ Andry, Nicolas (1743). Orthopaedia : or, the art of correcting and preventing deformities in children: by such means, as may easily be put in practice by parents themselves, and all such as are employed in educating children. To which is added, a defence of the orthopaedia, by way of supplement / by the author. Translated from the French of M. Andry. London: A. Millar.
  6. PMID 4550865
    .
  7. ^ Aitken, D. McCrae (1935). Hugh Owen Thomas: His Principles and Practice. London: Oxford University Press.
  8. PMID 20777309
    .
  9. ^ Gundle, Kenneth R (2014). Rearticulations of Orthopaedic Surgery: The Process of Specialty Boundary Formation and the Provision of Fracture Care in the United States. Lulu.
  10. ^ Waugh, William (1990). John Charnley: The Man and the Hip. Springer.

See also

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