Hizbul Islam
Hizbul Islam | |
---|---|
Leaders | Omar Iman (7 February 7 – 26 May 2009) Hassan Dahir Aweys (26 May 2009 – 20 December 2010) |
Dates of operation | January 2009–December 2010[1] September 2012–June 2014 |
Headquarters | Kismayo (January 2009–October 2009)
|
Opponents | (Dec. 2010) |
Hizbul Islam ("Islamic Party"), also known as Hizbul Islaami, Hisbi Islam, or Hezb-ul Islam, was a
History
Start
Hizbul Islam was formed in January 2009 by a merger of four groups, with Ali Yassin Mohamed among its founders.[5]
On 7 February 2009, Hizbul announced that it would continue to oppose the new government led by President
Sheikh Omar Iman Abubakar, a high-ranking official of the
Internal struggle, 2009
The groups first internal power struggle lasted from March to May 2009. Two months after it was formed, an apparent power struggle in Hizbul Islam emerged. At a press conference in Mogadishu, a group claiming to represent Hizbul Islam announced that Sheikh Mohamed Hassan Ahmed, another Islamic cleric, had replaced Omar Iman as chairman of the group.
The press conference, on 24 March, was attended by several important members of Hizbul Islam, most notably the notorious ex-warlord
However,
On 21 April 2009,
On 4 May,
Eight days later,
Defeat by Al-Shabaab 2009-2010
On 1 October 2009, armed conflict between Hizbul Islam and
The
In April 2010 a BBC correspondent compared Hizbul Islam to the Taliban of Afghanistan for banning radio stations from playing music.[17]
Late in the year, Hizbul Islam were expelled from Bay region, after Al Shabaab seized control of Burhakaba.[18] Soon after Hizbul Islam was forced to surrender the town of Luuq to Al Shabaab. From mid-December al-Shabaab fighters started taking over Hizbul Islam positions.[19] On 20 December, Hizbul Islam surrendered to Al Shabaab. The BBC reported that rumours of a merger had not been confirmed by the leaders of the two groups, in particular Hizbul Islam leader Sheikh Aweys.[20][21] Hizbul Islam was disbanded on 20 December 2010.[1]
2012 Regrouping
In late September 2012, after Al-Shabab had suffered a number of military setbacks as well as criticism as the presumed hand behind the shooting of parliamentarian Mustafa Haji Maalim, Hizbul Islam announced that it was going to pull its former members out of Al Shabaab and regroup. The move was due to long-standing ideological differences, such as the group's opposition to the use of foreign jihadis, according to its spokesperson, and was described as "a significant setback for Al-Shabab".[22] The spokesperson said it still wanted the African Union mission to leave Somalia but welcomed the new president Hassan Sheikh Mohamud and parliament as a "positive development".[22]
Hizbul Islam has renounced violence in 2013. In June 2014 former foreign affairs secretary for Hizbul Islam has announced that Hizbul Islam would continue its activity in Somali politics as a political party and changed its name to Istiqlal.[2]
Leadership
- Sheikh Mohamed Ibrahim Hayle - Leader of Jabhatul Islamiya (JABISO).[23]
- Mukhtar Abu Ali Aisha - The Leader of Mu'askar Anole[24]
Other leaders:
- Mohamed Moalim - Official spokesperson.
Former leaders
- Sheikh Omar Iman Abubakar - Chairman of Hizbul Islam until 26 May 2009 when he stepped down, handing over his position to Sheikh Hassan Dahir Aweys.[25][7]
- Sheikh Yusuf Mohammed Siad Inda'ade- A powerful warlord leading figure in the Asmara-based branch of the ARS until 17 May 2009, when he defected to the government.
- Sheikh Hassan Abdullah Hersi al-Turki - Leader of the Ras Kamboni Brigade which defected to Al-Shabaab.[4][26]
- Sheikh Hassan Dahir Aweys - Leader of the Asmara-based wing of the ARS and chairman of the group. Later became Al-Shabaab's spiritual leader.[7]
See also
- Advance of the Islamic Courts Union
- Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya
- Al-Shabaab (Somalia)
- Islamic Courts Union
- Somalia War (2006–2009)
- Somali Civil War (2009–present)
References
- ^
- ^ a b [1] Archived 25 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Somalia's Stability and Security Situation in Review" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f "Report of the Monitoring Group on Somalia pursuant to Security Council resolution 1853 (Page 16 & 17)". United Nations. 2008.
- ^ Levy, Oscar (11 May 2009). "Terrorledaren befinner sig i Sverige" (in Swedish). Nyheter24. Retrieved 2 June 2008.
- ^ "Somalia: Islamists Want to Keep Fighting Against the New Government". allAfrica.com. 7 February 2009. Retrieved 19 August 2010.
- ^ a b c d "Somalia: 7 Killed in Violence, Aweys Crowned Hizbul Islam Chief". allAfrica.com. 26 May 2009. Retrieved 19 August 2010.
- ^ "Somalia: Islamists Dismiss Their Leader". allAfrica.com. 23 March 2009. Retrieved 19 August 2010.
- ^ "Somalia: Discord Among Hizbul Islam Faction". allAfrica.com. 24 March 2009. Retrieved 19 August 2010.
- ^ "Somalia: Party of Islam Chairman Condemns Recent Attacks". allAfrica.com. 28 February 2009. Retrieved 19 August 2010.
- ^ "Somalia: 'Talks Open' Between Govt, Hizbul Islam Faction". allAfrica.com. 8 April 2009. Retrieved 19 August 2010.
- ^ "Somalia: Fighting Between Islamist Factions Kill Four People". allAfrica.com. 21 April 2009. Retrieved 19 August 2010.
- ^ "Somalia: Former Allies Involved in Mogadishu Skirmish". allAfrica.com. 4 May 2009. Retrieved 19 August 2010.
- ^ "Somalia: Islamist Leader Says He Handed Over His Weapons". allAfrica.com. 12 May 2009. Retrieved 19 August 2010.
- ^ a b "Somalia: Al-Shabaab's Encirclement Strategy". allAfrica.com. 8 December 2009. Retrieved 19 August 2010.
- ^ Sh. M. N, 12 December 2010 (12 December 2010). "Somalia: Clam Returns to Bur-Hakaba After One Day of Deadly Fighting". allAfrica. Retrieved 24 September 2012.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Somali radio stations comply with Islamists' music ban". BBC News. 13 April 2010. Retrieved 19 August 2010.
- ^ "Somalia: Al Shabaab Leaders Condemn Each Other Publicly". allAfrica.com. 18 December 2010. Retrieved 24 September 2012.
- ^ Khalif, Abdikadir (20 December 2010). "Somalia: Rival Militant Groups Set to Join Forces". allAfrica.com. Retrieved 24 September 2012.
- ^ "Somali Islamists al-Shabab and Hizbul Islam 'to merge'". BBC. 20 December 2010.
- ^ "Somalia's Shabaab threatens Uganda, Burundi attacks". Reuters. 23 December 2010.
- ^ a b Kenyan Amisom soldier kills six Somali civilians, BBC News, 24 September 2012
- ^ "Somalia: Fighting Erupts in Mogadishu, 2 Killed". allAfrica.com. 19 January 2009. Retrieved 19 August 2010.
- ^ "Who's Who in Somali Insurgency (Jamestown) Page 22". Scribd.com. Retrieved 19 August 2010.[dead link]
- ^ "Somalia: Islamic Party Insurgents Declare War on New Govt". allAfrica.com. 7 February 2009. Retrieved 19 August 2010.
- ^ "Somalia: Islamist Rebel Leaders Hail Pirate Attacks". allAfrica.com. 12 April 2009. Retrieved 19 August 2010.