Hoagy Carmichael
Hoagy Carmichael | |
---|---|
Born | Hoagland Howard Carmichael[1] November 22, 1899 Bloomington, Indiana, U.S. |
Died | December 27, 1981 | (aged 82)
Occupations |
|
Years active | 1918–1981 |
Political party | Republican |
Spouses |
|
Children | 2 |
Musical career | |
Genres | Musical films, popular songs |
Instrument(s) |
|
Website | hoagy |
Hoagland Howard Carmichael (November 22, 1899 – December 27, 1981) was an American
Carmichael composed several hundred
Early life and education
Hoagland Howard "Hoagy" Carmichael was born in
Carmichael's mother taught him to sing and play the piano at an early age. With the exception of some
The family moved to Indianapolis in 1916, but Carmichael returned to Bloomington in 1919 to complete
The death of Carmichael's three-year-old sister in 1918 (possibly from the
Carmichael attended Indiana University Bloomington, where he earned a bachelor's degree in 1925 and a law degree in 1926. He was a member of the Kappa Sigma fraternity, and played the piano around Indiana and Ohio with his band, Carmichael's Collegians.[8][12]
Around 1922 Carmichael first met
Carmichael's first recorded song, initially titled "Free Wheeling", was written for Beiderbecke, whose band, The Wolverines, recorded it as "Riverboat Shuffle" in 1924 for Gennett Records in Richmond, Indiana. The song became a jazz staple. (Mitchell Parish's lyrics were added in 1939.)[17] Carmichael's other early musical compositions included "Washboard Blues" and "Boneyard Shuffle", which Curtis Hitch and his band, Hitch's Happy Harmonists, recorded at the Gennett studios.[13] The band's instrumental rendition of "Washboard Blues", recorded on May 19, 1925, was the earliest recording in which Carmichael performed his own songs, including an improvised piano solo.[18][19]
After graduating from IU's law school in 1926, Carmichael moved to
Career
Carmichael composed several hundred songs, including fifty that achieved hit-record status during his long career.
Carmichael made hundreds of recordings between 1925 and his death in 1981. He also appeared on radio and television and in motion pictures and live performances, where he demonstrated his versatility. Because Carmichael lacked the vocal strength to sing without amplification on stage, as well as the unusual tone of his voice, which he described as "flatsy through the nose", he took advantage of new electrical technologies, especially the microphone, sound amplification, and advances in recording. As a singer-pianist, Carmichael was adept at selling his songs to
Early years
On October 31, 1927, Carmichael recorded "
Carmichael received more recognition after Paul Whiteman and his orchestra recorded "Washboard Blues" on Victor Records in Chicago in November 1927, with Carmichael singing and playing the piano.[34][35] Carmichael's "March of the Hoodlums" and Sheldon Brooks's "Walkin' the Dog" were produced from Carmichael's last recording session at the Gennett Records studio on May 2, 1928, with a band he had hand-selected.[36]
In 1929, after realizing that he preferred making music and had no aptitude for or interest in becoming a lawyer (he was sacked from his job at the law firm), Carmichael moved to New York City, where he worked for a brokerage firm during the weekdays and spent his evenings composing music, including some songs for
1930s
After the
Carmichael joined
Carmichael's eulogy for "hot" jazz, however, was premature.
Carmichael also began to emerge as a solo singer-performer, first at parties, then professionally. He described his unique, laconic voice as sounding "the way a shaggy dog looks... I have Wabash fog and sycamore twigs in my throat."[47] Some fans were dismayed as he steadily veered away from "hot" jazz, but Armstrong's recordings continued to "jazz up" Carmichael's popular songs. In 1935 Carmichael left Southern Music Company and began composing songs for a division of Warner Brothers, establishing his connection with Hollywood. "Moonburn", the first song Carmichael wrote for a motion picture, was sung by Bing Crosby in the Warner Brothers film Anything Goes in 1936.[42]
Following his marriage to Ruth Mary Meinardi, the daughter of a
Carmichael found work as a character actor in Hollywood. His on-screen debut occurred in 1937 in Topper, with Cary Grant and Constance Bennett. Carmichael portrayed a piano player and performed his song "Old Man Moon" in the film.[43] The effort led to other character actor roles in the 1940s.[51]
Carmichael also continued to write individual songs. His song "Chimes of Indiana" was presented to Indiana University, Carmichael's
"Little Old Lady", included in The Show Is On (1936), was Carmichael's first song to appear in a Broadway musical and became a hit,[50] but Carmichael's score for the Broadway production Walk With Music, which he did with Mercer, was unsuccessful. The musical opened in 1940 and ran for only three weeks,[43] producing no hit songs. Carmichael never attempted another musical, resuming his career as a singer-songwriter and character actor in Hollywood.[55]
1940s
The growing Carmichael family, which included Hoagy, Ruth, and their sons, Hoagy Bix (born in 1938) and Randy Bob (born in 1940), moved into the former mansion of chewing-gum heir
Throughout the 1940s Carmichael maintained a strong personal and professional relationship with Mercer. In later 1941 their continuing collaboration led to "Skylark", considered one of Carmichael's greatest songs. Bing Crosby recorded it almost immediately in January 1942. Since then many others have recorded the song, including Glenn Miller, Dinah Shore, Helen Forrest (with Harry James),[58] Aretha Franklin and Bette Midler.
Carmichael's 1942 song "I'm a Cranky Old Yank" was listed in the 1967 edition of the
Carmichael appeared as an actor in 14 motion pictures, performing at least one of his songs in each. He described his on-screen persona as the "hound-dog-faced old musical philosopher noodling on the honky-tonk piano, saying to a tart with a heart of gold: 'He'll be back, honey. He's all man.'"
Carmichael's career as a recording artist peaked in the mid-1940s when he recorded exclusively for Decca Records and V-Disc (the Armed Forces label for service personnel overseas), acted and performed in motion pictures, and hosted variety shows on the radio. He also sang in live shows across the United States, and debuted in the United Kingdom at the London Casino in 1948.[55] According to his son Randy, Carmichael was an incessant composer, working on a song for days or even weeks until it was perfect. His perfectionism extended to his clothes, grooming, and eating. Once the work was done, however, Carmichael would cut loose—relax, play golf, drink, and indulge in the Hollywood high life.[63] Carmichael also found time to write his first autobiography, The Stardust Road, published in 1946.[64] In addition, Carmichael composed an orchestral work, Brown County in Autumn, in 1948, but it was not well received by critics.[55]
Between 1944 and 1948, Carmichael became a well-known radio personality and hosted three musical-variety programs. In 1944–45, the 30-minute Tonight at Hoagy's aired on Mutual radio on Sunday nights at 8:30 p.m. (Pacific time), sponsored by Safeway supermarkets. Produced by Walter Snow, the show featured Carmichael as host and vocalist. Musicians included Pee Wee Hunt and Joe Venuti. Fans were rather blunt about Carmichael's singing, providing comments such as "you cannot sing for your soul" and "your singing is so delightfully awful that it is really funny".[65]
1950s
During the 1950s, the public's musical preferences shifted toward rhythm and blues and rock and roll, ending the careers of most older artists. Carmichael's songwriting career also slowed down, but he continued to perform.[51]
In the early 1950s variety shows were particularly popular on television. Carmichael's most notable appearance was as the host of Saturday Night Review in June 1953, a summer replacement series for Your Show of Shows.[55][66] He was also a regular cast member, playing the character role of Jonesy the ranch hand in the first season of NBC's western TV series Laramie (1959–63).[55]
As his songwriting career started to fade, Carmichael's marriage also dissolved. He and his wife Ruth divorced in 1955.[67]
The Johnny Appleseed Suite, Carmichael's second classical work for orchestra, suffered the same ill fate as his earlier attempt, Brown County Autumn. The suite received little notice and only limited success,[55] but Carmichael remained financially secure due to the royalties from his past hits. During the 1940s and 1950s Carmichael also wrote more than a dozen songs for children, including "The Whale Song", "Merry-Go-Round", and "Rocket Ship".[68]
Later years
Carmichael's second memoir, Sometimes I Wonder: The Story of Hoagy Carmichael, was published in 1965.[75] By 1967 he was spending time in New York, but his new songs were unsuccessful and his musical career came to a close. Carmichael took up other interests in retirement, including golf, coin collecting, and enjoying his two homes, one on Sunset Boulevard in Los Angeles and the other in Rancho Mirage, California.[51]
As he passed his 70th birthday, Carmichael's star continued to wane and was nearly forgotten in a world dominated by rock music. With the help and encouragement of his son, Hoagy Bix Carmichael, Carmichael participated in the
Carmichael received several honours from the music industry in his later years. He was inducted into the USA's Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1971, along with Duke Ellington.[77] In 1972, Indiana University awarded Carmichael an honorary doctorate in music.[55][78] On June 27, 1979, the Newport Jazz Festival honored Carmichael's 80th birthday with a concert titled "The Stardust Road: A Hoagy Carmichael Jubilee" in Carnegie Hall.[55] The tribute concert was hosted by former bandleader Bob Crosby and included performances by many major musical performers, such as singers Kay Starr, Jackie Cain, Dave Frishberg, and Max Morath, and musicians Billy Butterfield, Bob Wilber, Yank Lawson, Vic Dickenson, and Bob Haggart. National Public Radio broadcast the concert later that summer. "Piano Pedal Rag", a new Carmichael tune, was performed during the concert. Carmichael told host Crosby that he wrote it because he admired Beiderbecke's writing "so much that I didn't want to stop until I wrote something that was a little bit like something Bix might have liked."[79]
On his 80th birthday, Carmichael was reflective, observing, "I'm a bit disappointed in myself. I know I could have accomplished a hell of a lot more... I could write anything any time I wanted to. But I let other things get in the way.... I've been floating around in the breeze."[80] He spent his final years at home in Rancho Mirage, near Palm Springs, California, where he continued to play golf and remained an avid coin collector.[55]
Shortly before his death in 1981, Carmichael appeared on a United Kingdom-recorded tribute album, In Hoagland (1981), with Annie Ross and Georgie Fame. Carmichael sang and played "Rockin' Chair" on the piano. His last public appearance occurred in early 1981, when he filmed Country Comes Home with country music performer Crystal Gayle for CBS.[81]
Political views
According to his biographer, Carmichael had supported the Republican Party since his youth, and did so throughout his life.[82] He voted for Wendell Willkie at the 1940 presidential election, and backed Barry Goldwater, the party's candidate, at the 1964 United States presidential election.[82][83]
Later life and death
Carmichael married Wanda McKay in 1977. He died of a heart attack at the Eisenhower Medical Center in Rancho Mirage, California, on December 27, 1981, at age 82. His remains are buried in Rose Hill Cemetery in Bloomington, Indiana.[84][85][86][87]
Legacy
Carmichael is considered to be among the most successful of the Tin Pan Alley songwriters of the 1930s, and he was among the first singer-songwriters in the age of mass media to exploit new communication technologies, such as television and the use of electronic microphones and sound recordings.[88] Carmichael was an industry trailblazer who recorded varied interpretations of his own songs and provided material for many other musicians to interpret. His creative work includes several hundred compositions, some of them enduring classics, as well as numerous sound recordings and appearances on radio and television and in motion pictures.[89]
Music historian Ivan Raykoff described Carmichael as "one of America's most prolific songwriters" and an "iconic pianist" whose work appeared in more than a dozen Hollywood films, including his performances in classic films such as To Have and To Have Not and The Best Years of Our Lives. Among the hundreds of Carmichael's published songs, "Stardust" is one of the most frequently recorded.[90] Carmichael's greatest strength was as a melodist,[55] but he also became known as an "experimental" and "innovative" songwriter, whose "catchy, often jazz-infused, melodies" and "nostalgic, down-home lyrics"[51] were memorable and had wide public appeal, especially with mass media promotion and through the efforts of numerous entertainers who performed his songs.[91]
Carmichael's family in 1986 donated his archives, piano, and memorabilia to his alma mater, Indiana University, which established a Hoagy Carmichael Collection in its Archives of Traditional Music and the Hoagy Carmichael Room to permanently display selections from the collection.[51][92]
Honors and tributes
Carmichael and lyricist Johnny Mercer received an Academy Award for Best Music, Song, for "In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening", which was featured in the 1951 film Here Comes the Groom. "Ole Buttermilk Sky" received an Oscar nomination for Best Music, Song, of 1946, but it was not the winner.[93][94] Carmichael's recording of "Star Dust" in 1927 at the Gennett Records studio that includes him playing the piano solo was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. In addition, it was selected for inclusion in the National Recording Registry at the Library of Congress in 2004.[8][95]
Carmichael was inducted into the Hollywood Walk of Fame on February 8, 1960. (His sidewalk star tribute is located at 1720 Vine Street in Hollywood.)[96] In 1971 Carmichael was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame as one of its initial ten inductees.[43] In 2007 Carmichael was inducted into the Gennett Records Walk of Fame in Richmond, Indiana. Bronze and ceramic medallions, one for each of the inductees, have been placed near the location of the Starr Piano Company's manufacturing complex.[97]
Carmichael is memorialized with an Indiana state
On June 27, 1979, the Newport Jazz Festival honored Carmichael with a tribute concert, "The Star Dust Road: A Hoagy Carmichael Jubilee", at New York City's Carnegie Hall.[43]
"Georgia On My Mind", composed by Carmichael with lyrics by Stuart Gorrell, is the U.S. state of Georgia's official song.[100]
Carmichael also appeared as a Stone Age version of himself in The Flintstones, in which he sings "The Yabba Dabba Doo Song", written by Barney, and based on an idea from Fred.[101][102] Fred, Barney, Wilma, and Betty also contribute to the lyrics.
In popular culture
In
Rock violinist
In Gravity's Rainbow, novelist Thomas Pynchon comments to the song lyrics in episode 3.21 as follows "Sort of a Hoagy Carmichael piano can be heard in behind this, here." [104]
The 2021 film Nightmare Alley features Carmichael's 1942 recording of "Stardust"[105] at the start of closing credits.
Filmography
Year | Title | Role | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1937 | Topper | Piano Player | Uncredited |
1944 | To Have and Have Not | Cricket | |
1945 | Johnny Angel | Celestial O'Brien | |
1946 | Canyon Passage | Hi Linnet | |
1946 | The Best Years of Our Lives | Uncle Butch Engle | |
1948 | Night Song | Chick Morgan | |
1949 | Johnny Holiday | Himself | |
1950 | Young Man with a Horn | Smoke Willoughby | |
1952 | The Las Vegas Story | Happy | |
1952 | Belles on Their Toes | Thomas George Bracken | |
1955 | Timberjack | Jingles | |
1959-1960 | Laramie | Jonesy | 31 episodes |
1961 | The Flintstones | himself (voice) | "The Hit Songwriters" |
1965 | The Man Who Bought Paradise | Mr Leoni | TV movie |
Songs (selection)
Year | Song[106] | Lyrics by |
---|---|---|
1924 | "Riverboat Shuffle" | Carmichael, Dick Voynow, Irving Mills, Mitchell Parish |
1925 | "Washboard Blues" | Carmichael, Fred B. Callahan, Irving Mills |
1928 | "Stardust" | Mitchell Parish |
1929 | "Rockin' Chair" | Carmichael |
1930 | "Georgia on My Mind" | Stuart Gorrell |
1931 | "Come Easy Go Easy Love" | Sunny Clapp |
1931 | " (Up a) Lazy River " |
Carmichael and Sidney Arodin |
1932 | "New Orleans" | Carmichael |
1932 | "Daybreak" | Carmichael |
1932 | "In the Still of the Night" | Jo Trent |
1933 | "Lazybones" | Carmichael and Johnny Mercer |
1933 | "One Morning in May" | Mitchell Parish |
1936 | "Little Old Lady" | Carmichael and Stanley Adams |
1936 | "Lyin' to Myself" | Stanley Adams |
1936 | "Moonburn" | Edward Heyman |
1937 | "Old Man Moon" | Unknown |
1937 | "The Nearness of You" | Ned Washington |
1938 | " Heart and Soul " |
Frank Loesser |
1938 | "Small Fry" | Frank Loesser |
1938 | "Two Sleepy People" | Frank Loesser |
1938 | "I Get Along Without You Very Well (Except Sometimes)" | Jane Brown Thompson |
1939 | "Hong Kong Blues" | Carmichael |
1940 | "Can't Get Indiana Off My Mind" | Robert DeLeon |
1940 | "I Walk with Music" | Johnny Mercer |
1940 | "Way Back in 1939 A.D." | Johnny Mercer |
1941 | "Skylark" | Johnny Mercer |
1941 | "We're The Couple In The Castle" | Frank Loesser |
1942 | "Baltimore Oriole" | Paul Francis Webster |
1942 | "The Lamplighter's Serenade" | Paul Francis Webster |
1943 | "Old Music Master" | Johnny Mercer |
1945 | "Billy-a-Dick" | Paul Francis Webster |
1945 | "Doctor, Lawyer, Indian Chief" | Paul Francis Webster |
1945 | "Memphis in June" | Paul Francis Webster |
1946 | "Ole Buttermilk Sky" | Carmichael and Jack Brooks |
1951 | "Who Killed the Black Widder" | Hoagy Carmichael, Janice Torre & Fred Spielman |
1951 | "In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening" | Johnny Mercer |
1951 | "My Resistance Is Low" | Harold Adamson |
1952 | "Watermelon Weather" | Paul Francis Webster |
1953 | "Ain't There Anyone Here for Love?" | Harold Adamson |
1953 | "When Love Goes Wrong (Nothin' Goes Right)" | Harold Adamson |
Discography
- 1944–45 V-Disc Sessions (Totem, 1985)[107]
- At Home with Hoagy (Take Two, 1982)[108]
- Hoagy Carmichael (RCA International, 1981)[109]
- Hoagy Carmichael: Old Buttermilk Sky (Collector's Choice, 1999)[110]
- Hoagy Sings Carmichael (Pacific Jazz, 1957)[111]
- Star Dust, 1927–32 (Historical, 1982)[107]
- The Stardust Road (MCA, 1982)[112]
- Stardust and Much More (Bluebird, 1989)
- Stardust Melody: Carmichael and Friends (RCA, 2002)[110]
- The Classic Hoagy Carmichael (Indiana Historical Society and the Smithsonian Institution's Collection of Recordings, 1988)[113]
- The Hoagy Carmichael Songbook (RCA Bluebird, 1990)[110]
- Stardust: The Jazz Giants Play Hoagy Carmichael (Prestige, 1997)[110]
- Mr. Music Master (Naxos, 2002)
- Hoagy Carmichael in Person 1925–1955 (Avid, 2006)
- The First of the Singer Songwriters (JSP, 2008)
Tributes
- Stark Reality: The Stark Reality Discovers Hoagy Carmichael's Music Shop (1970)
Other published works
Carmichael wrote two autobiographies that Da Capo Press combined into a single volume for a paperback, published in 1999:[114]
See also
Notes
- Broadcast Music Incorporated. Archived from the originalon July 13, 2012. Retrieved October 3, 2011.
- ^ "Sold on Song – Song Library – Stardust". BBC.
- ^ Sudhalter 2002, p. 7
- ^ a b Gugin & St. Clair 2015, p. 47.
- ^ a b Gugin & St. Clair 2015, pp. 47–48.
- ^ a b Hasse 1988, p. 5.
- ^ 1910 United States Federal Census
- ^ a b c d Gugin & St. Clair 2015, p. 48.
- ^ Sudhalter 2002, p. 25
- ^ Sudhalter 2002, p. 31.
- ^ Sudhalter 2002, p. 28.
- ^ Sudhalter 2002, p. 49.
- ^ a b Kennedy 1994a, p. 7.
- ^ Hasse 1988, p. 6.
- ISBN 978-0-393-06582-4.
- ^ Sudhalter 2002, p. 79.
- ^ Hasse 1988, p. 19.
- ^ Hasse 1988, p. 22.
- ^ Kennedy 1994b, p. 125.
- ^ Sudhalter 2002, pp. 99–100.
- ^ Sudhalter 2002, p. 104.
- ^ a b Hasse 1988, p. 7.
- ^ Sudhalter 2002, p. 84.
- ^ Hasse 1988, p. 13.
- ^ Hasse 1988, p. 17.
- ^ a b Kennedy 1994a, pp. 8–9.
- ^ Sudhalter 2002, pp. 106–8.
- ^ Carmichael's "One Night in Havana" was released back-to-back with the "Star Dust" recording on Gennett's "Electrobeam" series. See Kennedy 1994a, p. 9
- ^ Hasse 1988, p. 23.
- ^ Sudhalter 2002, pp. 139–40.
- ^ Kennedy 1994b, p. 138.
- ^ Sudhalter 2002, p. 123.
- ^ "Stardust". BBC. Retrieved December 15, 2016.
- ^ Kennedy 1994a, p. 8.
- ^ Sudhalter 2002, pp. 113–114.
- ^ Kennedy 1994b, pp. 132–134.
- ^ Sudhalter 2002, p. 129.
- ^ Sudhalter 2002, pp. 129, 131, 143
- ^ Hasse 1988, p. 26.
- ^ Sudhalter 2002, p. 136.
- ^ Hasse 1988, p. 35.
- ^ a b c Hasse 1988, p. 27.
- ^ a b c d e "The Hoagy Carmichael Collection: Timeline of Hoagy Carmichael's Life". Indiana University. November 18, 2002. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
- ^ Sudhalter 2002, p. 147.
- ^ Sudhalter 2002, p. 157.
- ^ Sudhalter 2002, pp. 151, 153.
- ^ Sudhalter 2002, p. 173.
- ^ Sudhalter 2002, pp. 168–72.
- ^ Sudhalter 2002, p. 185.
- ^ a b Hasse 1988, p. 9.
- ^ a b c d e Gugin & St. Clair 2015, p. 49.
- ^ In 1978 the IU Alumni Association adopted "Chimes of Indiana" as one of IU's official fight songs. See "Indiana, Our Indiana Hail to Old IU Indiana Fight Chimes of Indiana" (PDF). Indiana University Athletics. Retrieved December 12, 2016. See also "Audio". Indiana University Marching Hundred. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
- ^ Sudhalter 2002, p. 255.
- ^ Hasse 1988, pp. 43–44.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Hasse 1988, p. 11.
- ^ Sudhalter 2002, p. 226.
- ^ Sudhalter 2002, p. 244.
- ^ Hasse 1988, pp. 13, 46.
- ^ "Details for I'm A Cranky Old Yank In A Clanky Old Tank – Bing Crosby".
- ^ Sudhalter 2002, p. 249.
- ^ Hasse 1988, p. 37.
- ^ Hasse 1988, p. 40.
- ^ Sudhalter 2002, p. 259.
- ^ a b Carmichael, Hoagy (1946). The Stardust Road. New York: Rinehart and Company.
- ^ Sudhalter 2002, p. 246.
- ^ "Television in Review". The New York Times. June 8, 1953.
- ^ Ruth Carmichael later married Verne Mason, a Los Angeles physician. See Sudhalter 2002, pp. 285–87, 318–19, 322.
- OCLC 15369706.
- ^ Hasse 1988, p. 46.
- ^ MeTV website, "5 things you never knew about The Flintstones episode "The Hit Song Writers", retrieved September 2, 2023.
- ^ "Hong Kong Blues". Rockabilly.nl. Retrieved February 12, 2008.
- ^ Sudhalter 2002, p. 306.
- ^ Ginell, Richard S. "Somewhere in England–George Harrison: Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards". AllMusic. Retrieved September 29, 2012.
- ^ Sudhalter 2002, p. 311.
- ^ )
- ^ Sudhalter 2002, p. 336.
- ^ "Hoagy Carmichael". Songwriters' Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on January 4, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
- ^ "Honorary Doctorate in Music". Indiana University. Archived from the original on June 13, 2008.
- ^ Recording of the NPR broadcast. The upcoming concert was mentioned in Gary Giddins (June 25, 1979). "Newport: Choices and More Choices". New York. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
- ^ Sudhalter 2002, p. 338.
- ^ Sudhalter 2002, pp. 341–342.
- ^ a b Sudhalter 2002, p. 242.
- ISBN 9781107650282.
- ISBN 978-1-135-94901-3.
- ^ Indiana Off the Beaten Path
- ISBN 978-0-313-35701-5.
- ISBN 978-0-8242-0744-1.
- ^ Kennedy 1994b, p. 91.
- ^ Hasse 1988, pp. 13–15.
- ISBN 978-1-55862-529-7. Archived from the original on May 22, 2013.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ Hasse 1988, p. 15.
- ^ "Hoagy Carmichael Collection: Virtual Tour of the Hoagy Carmichael Room". Indiana University (IU Digital Library). Retrieved December 6, 2016.
- ^ a b Sudhalter 2002, p. 275.
- ^ "Hoagy Carmichael: Awards". Songwriters Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on January 4, 2017. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
- ^ "Registry Titles with Descriptions and Expanded Essays". Library of Congress. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
- ^ "Hoagy Carmichael". Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
- ^ "Walk of Fame". Starr Gennett Foundation. March 28, 2014. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
- ^ "Hoagy Carmichael". Indiana Historical Bureau. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
- ^ "Hoagy Carmichael Landmark Sculpture". Visit Bloomington. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
- ^ "Georgia Facts and Symbols". Georgia.gov. Archived from the original on May 24, 2014. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
- ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "The Flintstones - Yabba Dabba Doo". Retrieved October 15, 2019 – via YouTube.
- ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "Flintstones The Original Yabba Dabba Doo Song". Retrieved October 15, 2019 – via YouTube.
- ISBN 978-0-7475-9527-4.
- ISBN 9780140188592.
- ^ "Star Dust (1942 Decca DLA-2982 18395B) on Discogs". Discogs.com. Retrieved July 6, 2022.
- ^ "The Official Hoagy Carmichael Web Site". Archived from the original on December 12, 2005. Retrieved March 14, 2008.
- ^ a b Hasse 1988, p. 62.
- ^ Recordings of Carmichael's radio performances. See Hasse 1988, p. 62
- ^ Selections of Carmichael's early records, 1927–34. See Hasse 1988, p. 62
- ^ a b c d "Hoagy Carmichael Recordings". Songwriters Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on January 4, 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
- ^ "Pacific Jazz Records Catalog: 1200 Series: PJ-1223". Jazzdisco.org. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
- ^ Carmichael's recordings for Decca Records, 1931–51; previously issued as Decca DL-8588. See Hasse 1988, p. 62.
- ^ The two-time, National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences-nominated collection includes fifty-seven recordings of Carmichael's best-known songs performed by well-known American musicians. See Hasse, p. 21.
- ISBN 0-306-80899-4.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
References
- "Audio". Indiana University Marching Hundred. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
- Calkin, Graham. "Somewhere In England". Jpgr.co.uk. Retrieved September 29, 2012.
- Carmichael, Hoagy (1946). The Stardust Road. New York: Rinehart and Company.
- Carmichael, Hoagy, and J.P. Miller (1957). Hoagy Carmichael's Songs for Children. New York: Golden Press. )
- Carmichael, Hoagy, and ISBN 0-306-80899-4.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - Crystal Gayle Sings The Heart & Soul of Hoagy Carmichael. worldcat.org. OCLC 43114717.
- "Details for I'm A Cranky Old Yank In A Clanky Old Tank – Bing Crosby".
- "Georgia Facts and Symbols". Georgia.gov. Archived from the original on May 24, 2014. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
- Giddins, Gary (June 25, 1979). "Newport: Choices and More Choices". New York. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
- Ginell, Richard S. "Somewhere in England–George Harrison : Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards". AllMusic. Retrieved September 29, 2012.
- Gugin, Linda C.; St. Clair, James E., eds. (2015). Indiana's 200: The People Who Shaped the Hoosier State. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society Press. ISBN 978-0-87195-387-2.
- Hasse, John Edward (1988). The Classic Hoagy Carmichael. Indianapolis, Ind., and Washington, D.C.: Indiana Historical Society and Smithsonian Collection Recordings. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-87195-013-0. (Booklet issued with sound recordings of the same title.)
- "Hoagy Carmichael". Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
- "Hoagy Carmichael". Indiana Historical Bureau. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
- "Hoagy Carmichael". Songwriters' Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on January 4, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
- "Hoagy Carmichael Collection". Indiana University (IU Digital Library). Retrieved December 6, 2016.
- "Hoagy Carmichael Collection: Timeline of Hoagy Carmichael's Life". Indiana University. November 18, 2002. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
- "Hoagy Carmichael Collection: Virtual Tour of the Hoagy Carmichael Room". Indiana University (IU Digital Library). Retrieved December 6, 2016.
- "Hoagy Carmichael Landmark Sculpture". Visit Bloomington. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
- "Hoagy Carmichael Recordings". Songwriters Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on January 4, 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
- "Hong Kong Blues". Rockabilly.nl. Retrieved February 12, 2008.
- "Indiana, Our Indiana Hail to Old IU Indiana Fight Chimes of Indiana" (PDF). Indiana University Athletics. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
- Kennedy, Rick (Summer 1994a). "Star Dust Memories: Hoagy Carmichael and Indiana's Gennett Records". Traces of Indiana and Midwestern History. 6 (3). Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society: 4–9.
- Kennedy, Rick (1994b). Jelly Roll, Bix, and Hoagy: Gennett Studios and the Birth of Recorded Jazz. Bloomington, IN: ISBN 978-0-253-33136-6.
- ISBN 978-0-7475-9527-4.
- "Pacific Jazz Records Catalog: 1200 Series: PJ-1223". Jazzdisco.org. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
- Raykoff, Ivan, "Carmichael, Hoagy (1899–1981)" in Pendergast, Tom, and Sara Pendergast (2000). St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture. Detroit: Gale. ISBN 978-1-55862-529-7. Archived from the original on May 22, 2013.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - "Registry Titles with Descriptions and Expanded Essays". Library of Congress. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
- "Songwriter/Composer: Carmichael Howard Hoagland". BMI Repertoire. Broadcast Music Incorporated. Archived from the originalon July 13, 2012. Retrieved October 3, 2011.
- "Stardust". BBC. Retrieved December 15, 2016.
- ISBN 0-19-513120-7.
- "Television in Review". The New York Times. June 8, 1953.
- "The Official Hoagy Carmichael Web Site". Archived from the original on December 12, 2005. Retrieved March 14, 2008.
- "Walk of Fame". Starr Gennett Foundation. March 28, 2014. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
- Wilder, Alec (1990). American Popular Song: The Great Innovators 1900–1950. New York / Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 371–388. ISBN 0-19-501445-6.
External links
- Official website
- Hoagy Carmichael at IMDb
- Hoagy Carmichael at Turner Classic Movies
- Hoagy Carmichael at the Internet Broadway Database
- Hoagy Carmichael at the Red Hot Jazz Archive
- The Hoagy Carmichael Collection at Indiana University Bloomington
- Hoagy Carmichael recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings.
- Hoagy Carmichael discography at Discogs
- Hoagy Carmichael at Find a Grave