Hobyo
Hobyo
هوبيو | |
---|---|
city | |
UTC+3 (EAT ) |
Hobyo (
Hobyo was founded as a coastal outpost by the
History
Ajuuran Empire and Hiraab Imamate period
Along with
However, in the late 17th century the Hiraab successfully revolted against the Ajuran Sultanate and established an independent Hiraab Imamate[3] According to Bernhard Helander of Uppsala University, "the Imam of Hiraab is a hereditary position that traditionally is held by a person of the first-born branch."[4]
Lee Cassanelli in his book The Shaping of Somali society provides a historical picture of the Hiraab Immate. He writes:
"According to local oral tradition, the Hiraab imamate was a powerful alliance of closely related groups who shared a common lineage under the Gorgaarte clan divisions. It successfully revolted against the Ajuran Sultanate and established an independent rule for at least two centuries from the seventeen hundreds and onwards.[3]
The alliance involved the army leaders and advisors of the
The agricultural centres of Eldher and
Sultanate of Hobyo
By the late 19th century, the Imamate began to decline. At the start of Colonialism in Somalia in 1884, shortly after the Berlin Conference, a young ambitious rebel called Sultan Kenadiid of the Majeerteen, with the help of the British, managed to conquer Hobyo and established The Kingdom of Hobyo in 1884.[5]
From 1900 to 1910, Hobyo was ruled by Yusuf Ali Kenadid who established the Sultanate of Hobyo in 1884. As with the Majeerteen Sultanate, the Sultanate of Hobyo exerted a strong centralized authority during its existence, and possessed all of the organs and trappings of an integrated modern state: a functioning bureaucracy, a hereditary nobility, titled aristocrats, a state flag, as well as a professional army.[6][7] Both sultanates also maintained written records of their activities, which still exist.[8]
Initially,
In the late 19th century, all extant Somali monarchs entered into treaties with one of the colonial powers, Abyssinia, Britain or Italy except the Dhulbahante.[10] Likewise, in late 1888, Sultan Kenadid entered into a treaty with the Italians, making his realm an Italian protectorate. His rival Boqor Osman would sign a similar agreement vis-a-vis his own Sultanate the following year. Both rulers had signed the protectorate treaties to advance their own expansionist objectives. In signing the agreements, the rulers also hoped to exploit the rival objectives of the European imperial powers so as to more effectively assure the continued independence of their territories.[11]
However, the relationship between Hobyo and Italy soured when Sultan Kenadid refused the Italians' proposal to allow a
Climate
Hobyo has a
Climate data for Hobyo | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.7 (85.5) |
30.6 (87.1) |
32.0 (89.6) |
33.6 (92.5) |
31.8 (89.2) |
29.9 (85.8) |
28.9 (84.0) |
28.7 (83.7) |
29.2 (84.6) |
30.2 (86.4) |
31.4 (88.5) |
30.4 (86.7) |
30.5 (87.0) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22.1 (71.8) |
22.8 (73.0) |
23.8 (74.8) |
24.6 (76.3) |
24.1 (75.4) |
22.7 (72.9) |
21.7 (71.1) |
21.8 (71.2) |
22.2 (72.0) |
23.1 (73.6) |
23.1 (73.6) |
22.6 (72.7) |
22.9 (73.2) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 4 (0.2) |
1 (0.0) |
8 (0.3) |
15 (0.6) |
53 (2.1) |
6 (0.2) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
34 (1.3) |
39 (1.5) |
20 (0.8) |
180 (7) |
Source: Climate-Data.org, altitude: 3 metres or 10 feet[15] |
Demographics
Hobyo has a population of around 11,800 inhabitants.[16] The broader Hobyo District has a total population of 67,249 residents.[17]
Transportation
Hobyo has a
For air transportation, the city is served by the
In August 2019, Qatar initiated a project to build the port of Hobyo as part of the development agreements signed between Somalia and Qatar in December 2018.[20][21]
See also
References
- ^ "Dhageyso Gudoomiyaha Hobyo oo ka Hadlay Shabaabka u dhow magaalada Hobyo…". 24 February 2017.
- ^ a b c Lee V. Cassanelli, The shaping of Somali society: reconstructing the history of a pastoral people, 1600-1900, (University of Pennsylvania Press: 1982), p.75.
- ^ a b c d e Lee V. Cassanelli, The shaping of Somali society, Philadelphia, 1982.
- ^ a b Bernhard, Helander (1994-01-19). "The Hiraab Treaty". Somalia News Update. Uppsala, Sweden: Dr. Bernhard Helander, Uppsala University. Archived from the original on 2007-02-24. Retrieved 2009-03-31.
The Imam of Hiraab is a hereditary position that traditionally is held by a person of the first-born branch, the Mudulod.
- ^ ISBN 1857431162.
- ^ Horn of Africa, Volume 15, Issues 1-4, (Horn of Africa Journal: 1997), p.130.
- ^ Michigan State University. African Studies Center, Northeast African studies, Volumes 11-12, (Michigan State University Press: 1989), p.32.
- ^ Sub-Saharan Africa Report, Issues 57-67. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1986. p. 34.
- ^ Helen Chapin Metz, ed., Somalia: a country study, (The Division: 1993), p.10.
- ^ Jardine, Douglas (1923). Mad Mullah of Somaliland.
Early in 1885 Great Britain concluded separate protective treaties with all the Somali tribes now living under her protection, except the Warsangeli, who concluded a treaty in 1886, and the Dolbahanta, with whom no treaty has been made.
- ^ Issa-Salwe (1996:34–35)
- ^ The Majeerteen Sultanates
- ^ Sheik-ʻAbdi (1993:129)
- ISBN 978-1426983740.
- ^ "Climate: Hobyo - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
- ^ Somalia City & Town Population. Tageo.com. Retrieved on 2011-12-15.
- ^ "Regions, districts, and their populations: Somalia 2005 (draft)" (PDF). UNDP. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 21 September 2013.
- ^ "Istanbul conference on Somalia 21 – 23 May 2010 - Draft discussion paper for Round Table "Transport infrastructure"" (PDF). Government of Somalia. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
- ^ "Obbia Airport (CMO)". World Airport Codes. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
- ^ "Qatar Plans to Build New Port in Central Somalia Town of Hobyo". Bloomberg. Retrieved 19 August 2019.
- ^ "Qatar launches construction work in central Somalia port". Middle East Monitor. Retrieved 20 August 2019.
Bibliography
- ISBN 187420991X.
- Sheik-ʻAbdi, ʻAbdi ʻAbdulqadir (1993). Divine madness: Moḥammed ʻAbdulle Ḥassan (1856-1920). Zed Books. ISBN 0-86232-444-0.