Holmesina

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Holmesina
Temporal range:
Ma
↓
Fossil skeleton of H. septentrionalis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Cingulata
Family: †Pampatheriidae
Genus: †Holmesina
Simpson 1930
Species
  • †H. cryptae Moura, Gois, Galliari, & Fernandes 2019[1]
  • †H. floridanus Robertson 1976
  • †H. major
  • †H. occidentalis Hoffstetter 1952
  • †H. paulacoutoi Cartelle & Bohórquez 1985
  • †H. rondoniensis
  • †H. septentrionalis Leidy 1889

Holmesina is an

glyptodonts
, the shell was made up of flexible plates which allowed the animal to move more easily.

Holmesina occidentalis
Life reconstruction of Holmesina floridanus and size comparation.

Holmesina individuals were much larger than any modern armadillo: They could reach a length of 2 metres (6.6 ft), and a weight of 227 kilograms (500 lb), while the modern giant armadillo does not attain more than 54 kilograms (119 lb).[2]

Distribution

They traveled north during the faunal interchange, and adapted well to North America, like the ground sloths, glyptodonts, armadillos, capybaras, and other South American immigrants. During the Late Pleistocene, Holmesina dispersed from North America back into South America, as evidenced by the morphological similarity of Late Pleistocene species in South America.[3] Their fossils are found from Brazil to the United States,[4] mostly in Texas and Florida.


Diet

Holmesina species were

omnivorous.[5] H. paulacoutoi was a generalist plant-eater but had a preference for C4 plants.[6]

References

  1. S2CID 202858857
    .
  2. ^ "Yahoo! Groups". Archived from the original on November 24, 2013.
  3. ISSN 0895-9811
    . Retrieved 10 September 2024 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
  4. ^ "Holmesina Simpson 1930". Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  5. S2CID 20186439
    .
  6. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103576
    . Retrieved 3 May 2024 – via Elsevier Science Direct.

Further reading

  • J. C. Cisneros. 2005. New Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from El Salvador. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 8(3):239-255
  • P. J. Gaudioso, G. M. Gasparini, and R. M. Barquez. 2016. Paleofauna del Pleistoceno de Termas de Rio Hondo, Santiago del Estero, Argentina. Ameghiniana 53(6):54-54
  • J. I. Mead, S. L. Swift, R. S. White, H. G. McDonald, and A. Baez. 2007. Late Pleistocene (Rancholabrean) glyptodont and pampathere (Xenarthra, Cingulata) from Sonora, Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 24(3):439-449
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