Holy Qurobo
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The Holy Qurobo (
The Maronite tradition is employed solely in the Maronite Church originating from the region of modern-day Lebanon.
The Jacobite tradition is employed in the
A reformed variant of the latter without intercession to saints and prayers for the departed, is used by the Mar Thoma Syrian Church, a Reformed Oriental Church.[6][7]
Etymology
The Syriac word qurobo is derived from the Aramaic term qurbana (ܩܘܪܒܢܐ). When the Temple stood in Jerusalem, and sacrifices were offered, "qorban" was a technical Hebrew term for some of the offerings that were brought there. It comes from a Hebrew root, "qarab", meaning "to draw close or 'near'". A required korban was offered morning and evening daily and on holidays (at certain times, additional 'korbanot' were offered), in addition to which individuals could bring an optional personal Korban.
The Holy Qurobo is referred to as "complete" worship, since it is performed for the benefit of all members of the Church. The other
A similar term Holy Qurbana is used to denote the eucharistic celebration in the East Syriac Rite also. Although the term Holy Qurbana is generally associated with the Eucharistic celebration in the East Syriac Rite, the Divine Liturgy in the West Syriac Churches based out of Kerala, in India is popularly referred to as Holy Qurbana and rarely, Holy Qurbono, due to their historical ties with the East Syriac Church which lasted until the sixteenth century.
History
West Syriac liturgical rite is developed out of the ancient
According to historians, distinct West Syriac liturgies started developing after the
For the Chalcedonian faction, the 10th and 11th centuries witnessed the notable transition from an Antiochene Melkite tradition to the liturgical rite of Constantinople.[8] The Byzantine Rite also has its roots in the ancient Antiochene Rite. This transition was almost co-terminous with the Byzantine reconquest of parts of north Syria during 969–1084. Numerous liturgical and theological texts from Greek were massively translated into West Syriac and subsequently into Arabic, the emerging dominant language of the Levant.[8] Several of the liturgical poetic texts, including those composed by John of Damascus, who belonged to the Melkite tradition, were subsequently taken over also into the Jacobite tradition, probably by the following century.[8]
The
Liturgy of St James
The Liturgy is related to the Mystagogic Catecheses of St
Most authorities propose a fourth-century date for the known form, because the
Although the term
Other Anaphorae
The anaphorae currently used by the
- Anaphora of Twelve Apostles
- Anaphora of St. Mark the Evangelist
- Anaphora of St. Peter
- Anaphora of St. John the Evangelist
- Anaphora of St. Clement of Rome
- Anaphora of St. Julius of Rome
- Anaphora of St. Xystus of Rome
- Anaphora of St. John Chrysostom, a different anaphora from the Byzantine Rite version
- Anaphora of St. Cyril of Alexandria
- Anaphora of St. Jacob of Serugh
- Anaphora of St. Philoxenus of Mabbug
- Anaphora of St. Severus of Antioch
- Anaphora of Mar Jacob Bar-Salibi
The Antiochene Maronite Church is one of the richest in the number of anaphorae contained in its Liturgy, most of them belong to the tradition of the Antiochene rites. There are at least seventy-two Maronite Anaphorae.
Usage
The
Notes
References
- ^ Holy Qurbana-The Malankara Orthodox Liturgy
- ^ https://archive.org/details/jacobitesyrianch0000adai
- ^ Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church - The Sacrament of Holy Qurbana
- ^ "Holy Qurobo – St. George Patriarchal Cathedral – Damascus". Syrian Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch. 2017-08-27. Retrieved 2021-03-28.
- ^ "Syrian Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch". Syrian Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch. Retrieved 2021-03-28.
- ISBN 978-1-317-81866-3.
The Syrian Orthodox also became the target of Anglican missionary activity, as a result of which the Mar Thoma Church separated from the Orthodox in 1874, adopting the Anglican confession of faith and a reformed Syrian liturgy conforming to Protestant principles.
- ^ Office, Anglican Communion. "Anglican Communion: Churches in Communion". Anglican Communion Website.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Brock (2011).
- ^ a b One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Fortescue, Adrian (1912). "West Syrian Rite". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica: "Antiochene Rite"
- ^ The Rites of Christian Initiation: Their Evolution and Interpretation
- ISBN 9780814662151– via Google Books.
- ^ Brock, Sebastian P. (2011a). "Thomas Christians". In Sebastian P. Brock; Aaron M. Butts; George A. Kiraz; Lucas Van Rompay (eds.). Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition. Gorgias Press. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
- Ephrem Rahmani, Life of Severus of Antioch, sixth century.
- ^ John Witvliet The Anaphora of St. James in ed. F. Bradshaw Essays on Early Eastern Eucharistic Prayers, 1997
- ^ Syriac Orthodox Resources (1997). "Anaphoras". Syrian Orthodox Dioceses of North America and Canada. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
- ^ Patrologia syriaca: complectens opera omnia ss. patrum, doctorum scriptorumque catholicorum, quibus accedunt aliorum acatholicorum auctorum scripta quae ad res ecclesiasticas pertinent, quotquot syriace supersunt, secundum codices praesertim, londinenses, parisienses, vaticanos accurante R. Graffin ... Firmin-Didot et socii. 1926.
- ^ Paniker (1991).
Sources
- Brock, Sebastian P. (2011). "Liturgy". In Sebastian P. Brock; Aaron M. Butts; George A. Kiraz; Lucas Van Rompay (eds.). Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition. Gorgias Press. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
- Paniker, Givergis (1991). Thomas Paniker (ed.). The Holy Qurbono in the Syro-Malankara Church. SB Press Trivandrum.