Holy See–United Kingdom relations

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Holy See–United Kingdom relations are foreign relations between the Holy See and the United Kingdom.

The Holy See maintains an Apostolic nunciature in London, and the United Kingdom has an Embassy in the Vatican City. The current Nuncio in London is Claudio Gugerotti, and the British Ambassador is Chris Trott.

Holy See–United Kingdom relations
Map indicating locations of Holy See and United Kingdom

Holy See
United Kingdom
Diplomatic mission
Apostolic Nunciature to the Court of St. James'sBritish Embassy to the Holy See
Envoy
Apostolic Nuncio Claudio Gugerotti
Ambassador Chris Trott

History

Early relations

In circa 595,

Catholic kingdoms with diplomatic relations with the Papal States
.

In 1209, Pope Innocent III put the Kingdom of England under interdict amidst rising disputes with John, King of England, after he refused to accept Stephen Langton, the papal candidate for Archbishop of Canterbury. The dispute was resolved in 1213 when John conceded power to the Pope by becoming his vassal and agreed to pay feudal taxes to the Catholic Church.

In 1479,

Anglican Church by Henry VIII. Diplomatic relations were re-established in 1553 under Mary I of England, who appointed Sir Edward Carne as her Ambassador. During the reign of Elizabeth I diplomatic relations were broken again due to the papal bull Regnans in Excelsis
in 1570. Official relations with the Papal States were then prohibited by law. The two countries nevertheless had occasional contacts.

In 1621, the English court despatched George Gage to the Papal court in order to obtain permission for

Henrietta Maria, he obtained the blessing of Pope Gregory XV, who used the opportunity to despatch Gregorio Panzani to England as his envoy. Panzani was followed as papal envoy by the Scottish Franciscan George Conn
.

In 1686, King

John Coxe Hippisley
's brief mission to Rome to explore the possibility of restoring relations failed in 1779–1780.

Unofficial relations were formed again during the

Roman Republic
of 1798–99.

After the UK's formation

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland came into existence in 1801 with the union of the Kingdom of Ireland to Great Britain, which had been formed by the union of the Kingdoms of Scotland and England in 1707. With the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921, all of Ireland became an independent dominion. Northern Ireland exercised its right under that treaty to separate from the remainder of Ireland and maintain the union with Great Britain, which created the current state of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

The Holy See is the pre-eminent episcopal see of the Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church and recognised in international law as a sovereign entity with which diplomatic relations can be maintained.

Pastor Bonus, an apostolic constitution, defines the Vatican's diplomatic relations with states as the Holy See.[2]

Due to the continuity of the Holy See from early times, it is possible to see that the various parts of the United Kingdom had relations with the Holy See prior to their incorporation within the Union (and in Ireland's case, following it - see

Holy See – Ireland relations
).

Following the

Catholic Emancipation Act of 1829, legal obstacles to relations with the Papal States were removed, but the British government still refrained from accrediting an envoy to Rome, though British envoys to some Italian city states were also charged with conducting negotiations with the Papal Court. During the Irish tenants'-rights Plan of Campaign in the 1880s, the Papacy condemned the activities in the encyclical "Saepe Nos" (1888), even though most of the tenants were Catholics.[3]

20th century

The United Kingdom did not re-establish relations with the Holy See until December 1914, following the outbreak of the First World War, as the British government was apprehensive about possible growing German and Austrian influence over Vatican policies. The first envoy selected was Henry Howard, a British Catholic, who was followed by the 7th Count de Salis. In order to maintain that this diplomatic mission was temporary in nature, it was titled "Special Mission to the Vatican". Only in 1923 was the mission's title changed to "His Majesty's Legation to the Holy See".

In May 1949,

Princess Margaret visited Pope Pius XII in the Vatican City. It was the first visit of a British Royal to the Holy See after hundreds of years.[4]

The problem of Northern Ireland has been a major issue in British-Vatican relations, and during the 1970s the Holy See expressed its hopes for a speedy and just solution on the issue. On 1 June 1974, Pope Paul VI called on all armed factions to take part in peace talks:[5]

We earnestly beg that all violence should cease, from whatever side it may come, for it is contrary to the law of God and to a Christian and civilized way of life; that, in response to the common Christian conscience and the voice of reason, a climate of mutual trust and dialogue be reestablished in justice and charity; that the real and deep-seated causes of social unrest – which are not to be reduced to differences of a religious nature – be identified and eliminated.

The Holy See also supported the British efforts at bringing to an end to racial segregation in Rhodesia (present day

Queen Elizabeth II for her activities for peace among nations, and for peace between Catholics and Anglicans.[7]

Recent developments

Full relations were recognised in 1982 when

Pope John Paul II visited the UK. This led to the first full exchange of ambassadors between the UK and the Holy See that year.[citation needed
]

On 9 September 2011, Ambassador Nigel Marcus Baker presented his credentials to Pope Benedict XVI. In his speech, the British Ambassador presented three main goals of Vatican-UK relations, namely facing existential threats such as climate change and nuclear proliferation, promoting interfaith dialogue to achieve peace and working to reduce world poverty.[8]

The UK Embassy to the Holy See is co-located with the UK Embassy to the Republic of Italy at Via XX Settembre in Rome, following the 2006 closure of the rented building that had served as the UK's Embassy to the Holy See. Some in the Vatican protested the co-location of the UK's embassies, complaining that senior officials of the Holy See should not be required to visit the UK embassy to Italy, a country with which the Holy See has an entirely different and at times fractious relationship.[9]

The Holy See's Nunciature to Great Britain is the diplomatic post of the Holy See whose representative is called the

Wimbledon Village
, London.

State visits

Queen Elizabeth II first visited the Vatican during the pontificate of Pope Pius XII, before her own accession. Her second visit to the Vatican was a private visit (during a state visit to the Italian Republic) on 5 May 1962 when she was received by Pope John XXIII. She made two State Visits
during the pontificate of John Paul II in 1980 and 2000.

The

Princess Diana.[10]

Holyrood House. On the evening of the same day he celebrated the second Papal Mass ever held in Scotland at Bellahouston Park in Glasgow, with over 250,000 Scottish Catholics in attendance.[11] The first Papal Mass in Scotland was celebrated by his predecessor Pope John Paul II at Bellahouston Park, Glasgow, during his pastoral visit in 1982.[12]

Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, while visiting Italian President Giorgio Napolitano in Rome, had an informal visit with Pope Francis on 3 April 2014. It was her seventh encounter with a pope and the fifth different pope she met.[13]

List of British Royal visits to the Vatican

See also

References

  1. ^ Kunz, "The Status of the Holy See in International Law" 46 American Journal of International Law (1952) pp. 309-313.
  2. ^ "Pastor Bonus; Section II". The Holy See. Archived from the original on 23 February 2001. Retrieved 20 September 2010.
  3. ^ "CATHOLIC LIBRARY: Saepe Nos (1888)". Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  4. ^ "Princess has brief visit with Pope". Chicago Tribune. 28 May 1949.
  5. ^ "Message for the peace in Ireland, 1 June 1974 - Paul VI". Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  6. ^ "All'Inviato Straordinario e Ministro Plenipotenziario di Gran Bretagna presso la Santa Sede in occasione della presentazione delle Lettere Credenziali (22 maggio 1980) - Giovanni Paolo II". Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  7. ^ "To Queen Elizabeth II of England (17 October 1980) - John Paul II". Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  8. ^ "Speech by British Ambassador to the Holy See Nigel Marcus Baker to Pope Benedict XVI on the presentation of Credentials". Archived from the original on 24 July 2012. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  9. ^ Owen, Richard (9 January 2006). "Britain sparks row with Vatican over proposal to close embassy". The Times. London.
  10. ^ "Charles and Camilla meet the Pope". BBC News. 27 April 2009. Retrieved 27 April 2009.
  11. ^ "Los Angeles Times: Archives - Pope Appeals for Unity of 2 Faiths in Scotland". Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  12. ^ "SUNBURN AND SONGS: THE MEMORIES OF BELLAHOUSTON THE PAPAL VISIT TO SCOTLAND It was summer, 1982, and Pope John Paul II was in Scotland. His mass at Glasgow's Bellahouston park touched thousands". Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  13. ^ "News". Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  14. ^ "Members of the Royal Family take part in Canonisation Mass". GOV.UK. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
Additional sources
  • Thomas E. Hachey (ed.), Anglo–Vatican Relations 1914–1939: Confidential Annual Reports of the British Ministers to the Holy See (Boston, 1972)

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Holy_See–United_Kingdom_relations&oldid=1154692009"