Home Insurance Building
Home Insurance Building | |
---|---|
Chicago, Illinois, United States | |
Coordinates | 41°52′47″N 87°37′55″W / 41.8796°N 87.6320°W |
Construction started | 1884 |
Completed | 1885 [1] |
Demolished | 1931 |
Height | |
Roof | Originally 138 feet (42.1 meters) |
Top floor | After addition of the final two floors – 180 feet (55 meters) |
Technical details | |
Floor count | 10 (later 12) |
Design and construction | |
Architect(s) | William Le Baron Jenney |
References | |
[2] |
The Home Insurance Building was a skyscraper that stood in Chicago from 1885 to its demolition in 1931. Originally ten stories and 138 ft (42.1 m) tall, it was designed by William Le Baron Jenney in 1884 and completed the next year. Two floors were added in 1891, bringing its now finished height to 180 feet (54.9 meters). It was the first tall building to be supported both inside and outside by a fireproof structural steel frame, though it also included reinforced concrete. It is considered the world's first skyscraper.
History
The building was designed in 1884 by Jenney for the Home Insurance Company.[3] Construction began on May 1, 1884.[4]
Because of the building's unique architecture and weight-bearing frame, it is considered the world's first skyscraper.[1] It had 10 stories and rose to a height of 138 ft (42.1 m); two additional floors were added in 1891, bringing the total to 12 floors, an unprecedented height at the time.[5]
The building weighed one-third as much as a masonry building and city officials were so concerned they halted construction while they investigated its safety.
Demolition and replacement
In April 1929 the building was reported as having a 90 percent occupancy rate, compared to an occupancy rate of the surrounding financial district estimated at 96 percent or more.[6] In September 1929 plans were made by Marshall Field's to construct a large office building spanning Adams, Clark, and LaSalle Streets.[7] This building would be constructed and opened in parts, the first part occupying the western part of the lot and the site of the Home Insurance Building.[7]
At least six buildings were demolished to make way for the Field Building, including the Home Insurance Building.[8] In 1932, owners placed a plaque in the southwest section of the lobby reading:[9]
This section of the Field Building is erected on the site of the Home Insurance Building, which structure, designed and built in eighteen hundred and eighty four by the late William Le Baron Jenney, was the first high building to utilize as the basic principle of its design the method known as skeleton construction and, being a primal influence in the acceptance of this principle, was the true father of the skyscraper, 1932.
Status as first skyscraper
The Home Insurance Building in Chicago is often considered the world's first skyscraper due to both its design and height;[1] the building was supported using an iron frame skeleton.[10] It was one of the earliest buildings to use an iron frame skeleton and the tallest to ever do so at the time, rising to ten stories; with an additional two stories added.[11] It was the first multistory building in the United States to largely use iron in its exterior to support the masonry since Badger had constructed similar grain elevators between 1860 and 1862.[12] The status of the Home Insurance Building as the first skyscraper had been accorded by the time of its centennial in 1985.[11]
The Chicago press at the time of its construction did not refer to it as the first skyscraper in Chicago.
See also
- Chicago architecture
References
Citations
- ^ ISBN 9781560374022. Retrieved January 19, 2012.
The word skyscraper, in its architectural context, was first applied to the Home Insurance Building, completed in Chicago in 1885.
- ^ "Home Insurance Building". SkyscraperPage.
- ^ "Home Insurance Building". History.com. Retrieved October 18, 2018.
- ^ Alfred, Randy (May 1, 2009). "May 1, 1884:Everything's Up to Date in Windy City". Wired. Retrieved April 30, 2020.
- ^ Kampert, Bert (December 10, 2008). "The Home Insurance Building". Chicago Architecture Info. Archived from the original on December 2, 2013. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
- ^ "Office Space on La Salle St. Is Near S. R. O." Chicago Tribune. Vol. 88, no. 14 Part 3. April 7, 1929. p. 1. Retrieved April 30, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b Chase, Al (September 29, 1929). "Marshall Field Estate Plans $15,000,000 Office Building". Chicago Tribune. Vol. 88, no. 39 Part 3. p. 7. Retrieved April 30, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- Archive.org.
- ISBN 978-0-8283-2188-4. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
- ^ Kamin, Blair (November 7, 2019). "Should This Long-Gone Chicago High-Rise Still Be Called the 'First Skyscraper'? Maybe Not, Says the Group that Stripped Willis Tower of Its Tallest-Building Titles". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
- ^ a b Larson 1987, p. 39
- ^ Larson 1987, p. 51
- ^ a b Larson 1987, p. 54
- ^ Larson 1987, pp. 39–40
- ^ Kennedy, Maev (April 8, 2005). "World's first iron-framed building saved". The Guardian. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
- ^ George E. Thomas, "Broad Street Station," in James F. O'Gorman et al., Drawing Toward Building: Philadelphia Architectural Graphics, 1732–1986 (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1986), pp. 140–42.
- ^ a b c Larson 1987, p. 48
- ^ Larson 1987, p. 52
- ^ a b c Peterson, Ivars (1986). "The first skyscraper - new theory that Home Insurance Building was not the first". Science News. Archived from the original on July 8, 2012.
- ^ "Montauk Block, c. 1880". Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago Historical Society. 2004.
Books
- Larson, Gerald R. (1987). "The Iron Skeleton Frame: Interactions Between Europa and the United States". In Zukowsky, John (ed.). Chicago Architecture 1872–1922 Birth of a Metropolis. Munich: OCLC 19850754.
Other references
- 1885 First Skyscraper, Chicago Public Library ("Chicago: 1885 First Skyscraper". Archived from the original on February 12, 2008. Retrieved November 17, 2016.)
- Theodore Turak, William Le Baron Jenney: A Pioneer in Modern Architecture, Ann Arbor, Michigan: UMI Research Press, 1986
- Carl Condit, The Chicago School of Architecture, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, 1964
External links
- "Emporis building ID 102645". Emporis. Archived from the original on January 6, 2016.
- "Home Insurance Building". SkyscraperPage.
- Home Insurance Building at Structurae