Home Ministry
This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2009) |
内務省 Naimu-shō | |
Ministry of Health and Welfare | |
Jurisdiction | Japan |
---|---|
Headquarters | Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan |
Parent agency | Empire of Japan |
The Home Ministry (内務省, Naimu-shō) was a Cabinet-level ministry established under the Meiji Constitution that managed the internal affairs of Empire of Japan from 1873 to 1947. Its duties included local administration, elections, police, monitoring people, social policy and public works. In 1938, the HM's social policy was detached from itself, then the Ministry of Health and Welfare was established. In 1947, the HM was abolished under the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers restoration, then its administrative affairs were proceeded to the National Police Agency, the Ministry of Construction, the Ministry of Home Affairs and so on. In 2001, the MOHA was integrated with the Management and Coordination Agency and the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, then the Ministry of Public Management, Home affairs, Posts and Telecommunications was established. In 2004, the MPHPT changed its English name into the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. In other words, the MIC is the direct descendant of the HM.
History
Early Meiji period
After the
Having just returned from the
The Home Ministry also initially had the responsibility for promoting local industry,[3] but this duty was taken over by the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce in 1881.
Under the Meiji Constitution
In 1885, with the establishment of the
On the other hand, with the establishment of
From the 1920s period, faced with the growing issues of agrarian unrest and
In 1936, an Information and Propaganda Committee was created within the Home Ministry, which issued all official
In 1940, the Information and Propaganda Department (情報部, Jōhōbu) was elevated to the Information Bureau (情報局, Jōhōkyoku), which consolidated the previously separate information departments from the Imperial Japanese Army, Imperial Japanese Navy and Foreign Ministry under the aegis of the Home Ministry. The new Jōhōkyoku had complete control over all news, advertising and public events.[4] In February 1941 it distributed among editors a black list of writers whose articles they were advised not to print anymore.[5]
Also in 1940, with the formation of the
Post-war Home Ministry and dissolution
After the
One of the first actions of the post-war Home Ministry was the creation of an officially sanctioned brothel system under the aegis of the "Recreation and Amusement Association", which was created on August 28, 1945. The intention was officially to contain the sexual urges of the occupation forces, protect the main Japanese populace from rape and preserve the "purity" of the "Japanese race".[6] However, by October 1945, the scope of activities of the Home Ministry was increasingly limited, with the disestablishment of
The American authorities felt that the concentration of power into a single ministry was both a cause and a symptom of Japan's pre-war
The Home Ministry was formally abolished on 31 December 1947 under the
Lords of Home Affairs
Name | Date in office | Date left office | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Ōkubo Toshimichi | 29 November 1873 | 14 February 1874 |
2 | Kido Takayoshi | 14 February 1874 | 27 April 1874 |
3 | Ōkubo Toshimichi | 27 April 1874 | 2 August 1874 |
4 | Itō Hirobumi | 2 August 1874 | 28 November 1874 |
5 | Ōkubo Toshimichi | 28 November 1874 | 14 May 1878 |
6 | Itō Hirobumi | 15 May 1878 | 28 February 1880 |
7 | Matsukata Masayoshi | 28 February 1880 | 21 October 1881 |
8 | Yamada Akiyoshi | 21 October 1881 | 12 December 1883 |
9 | Yamagata Aritomo | 12 December 1883 | 22 December 1885 |
Ministers of Home Affairs
Name | Cabinet | Date in office | Comments | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Yamagata Aritomo | 1st Itō | 22 December 1885 | |
2 | Yamagata Aritomo | Kuroda | 30 April 1888 | |
3 | Yamagata Aritomo | 1st Yamagata | 24 December 1889 | Concurrently Prime Minister |
4 | Saigō Tsugumichi |
1st Yamagata | 17 May 1890 | |
5 | Saigō Tsugumichi | 1st Matsukata | 6 May 1891 | |
6 | Shinagawa Yajirō | 1st Matsukata | 1 June 1891 | |
7 | Soejima Taneomi | 1st Matsukata | 11 March 1892 | |
8 | Matsukata Masayoshi | 1st Matsukata | 8 June 1892 | Concurrently Prime Minister & Finance Minister |
9 | Kōno Togama | 1st Matsukata | 14 July 1892 | |
10 | Inoue Kaoru | 2nd Itō | 8 August 1892 | |
11 | Nomura Yasushi |
2nd Itō | 15 October 1894 | |
12 | Yoshikawa Akimasa | 2nd Itō | 3 February 1896 | Concurrently Justice Minister |
13 | Itagaki Taisuke | 2nd Itō | 14 April 1896 | |
14 | Itagaki Taisuke | 2nd Matsukata | 14 April 1896 | |
15 | Kabayama Sukenori | 2nd Matsukata | 20 September 1896 | |
16 | Yoshikawa Akimasa | 3rd Itō | 12 January 1898 | |
17 | Itagaki Taisuke | 1st Ōkuma | 30 June 1898 | |
18 | Saigō Tsugumichi | 2nd Yamagata | 8 November 1898 | |
19 | Suematsu Kenchō | 4th Itō | 19 October 1900 | |
20 | Utsumi Tadakatsu | 1st Katsura | 2 June 1901 | |
21 | Kodama Gentarō | 1st Katsura | 15 July 1903 | Concurrently Minister of Education |
22 | Katsura Tarō | 1st Katsura | 12 October 1903 | Concurrently Prime Minister |
23 | Yoshikawa Akimasa | 1st Katsura | 20 February 1904 | |
24 | Kiyoura Keigo | 1st Katsura | 16 September 1905 | Concurrently Minister of Agriculture & Commerce |
25 | Hara Takashi | 1st Saionji | 7 January 1906 | Concurrently Minister of Communications |
26 | Hirata Tosuke | 2nd Katsura | 14 July 1908 | |
27 | Hara Takashi | 2nd Saionji | 30 August 1911 | |
28 | Ōura Kanetake | 3rd Katsura | 21 December 1912 | |
29 | Hara Takashi | 1st Yamamoto | 20 February 1913 | |
30 | Ōkuma Shigenobu | 2nd Ōkuma | 16 April 1914 | Concurrently Prime Minister |
31 | Ōura Kanetake | 2nd Ōkuma | 7 January 1915 | |
32 | Ōkuma Shigenobu | 2nd Ōkuma | 30 July 1915 | Concurrently Prince Minister |
33 | Ichiki Kitokurō | 2nd Ōkuma | 10 August 1915 | |
34 | Gotō Shinpei | Terauchi | 9 October 1916 | |
35 | Mizuno Rentarō | Terauchi | 24 April 1918 | |
36 | Tokonami Takejirō | Hara | 29 September 1918 | |
37 | Tokonami Takejirō | Takahashi | 13 November 1921 | |
38 | Mizuno Rentarō | Katō Tomosaburō | 12 June 1922 | |
39 | Gotō Shinpei | 2nd Yamamoto | 2 September 1923 | |
40 | Mizuno Rentarō | Kiyoura | 7 January 1924 | |
41 | Wakatsuki Reijirō | Katō Takaaki | 11 June 1924 | |
42 | Wakatsuki Reijirō | 1st Wakatsuki | 30 January 1926 | Concurrently Prime Minister |
43 | Osachi Hamaguchi |
1st Wakatsuki | 3 June 1926 | |
44 | Suzuki Kisaburō | Tanaka | 20 April 1927 | |
45 | Tanaka Giichi | Tanaka | 4 May 1928 | Concurrently Prime Minister |
46 | Mochizuki Keisuke | Tanaka | 23 May 1928 | |
47 | Adachi Kenzō | Hamaguchi |
2 July 1929 | |
48 | Adachi Kenzō | 2nd Wakatsuki | 14 April 1931 | |
49 | Nakahashi Tokugorō | Inukai | 13 December 1931 | |
50 | Inukai Tsuyoshi | Inukai | 16 March 1932 | Concurrently Prime Minister |
51 | Suzuki Kisaburō | Inukai | 25 March 1932 | |
52 | Yamamoto Tatsuo |
Saitō | 26 May 1932 | |
53 | Fumio Gotō | Okada | 8 July 1934 | |
54 | Shigenosuke Ushio | Hirota | 9 March 1936 | Concurrently Minister of Education |
55 | Kakichi Kawarada | Hayashi | 2 February 1937 | |
56 | Eiichi Baba | 1st Konoe | 4 June 1937 | |
57 | Nobumasa Suetsugu |
1st Konoe | 14 December 1937 | |
58 | Kōichi Kido | Hiranuma | 5 January 1939 | |
59 | Naoshi Ohara | Abe | 30 August 1939 | Concurrently Minister of Health |
60 | Hideo Kodama | Yonai | 15 January 1940 | |
61 | Ejii Yasui | 2nd Konoe | 22 July 1940 | |
62 | Hiranuma Kiichirō | 2nd Konoe | 21 December 1940 | |
63 | Harumichi Tanabe | 3rd Konoe | 18 July 1941 | |
64 | Hideki Tōjō |
Tōjō |
18 October 1941 | Concurrently Prime Minister, Minister of Munitions |
65 | Michio Yuzawa | Tōjō | 17 February 1942 | |
66 | Kisaburō Andō | Tōjō | 20 April 1943 | |
67 | Shigeo Ōdachi | Koiso | 22 July 1944 | |
68 | Genki Abe | Suzuki | 7 April 1945 | |
69 | Iwao Yamazaki | Higashikuni | 17 August 1945 | |
70 | Zenjirō Horikiri | Shidehara | 9 October 1945 | |
71 | Chūzō Mitsuji | Shidehara | 13 January 1946 | |
72 | Seiichi Ōmura | 1st Yoshida |
22 April 1946 | |
73 | Etsujirō Uehara | 1st Yoshida | 31 January 1947 | |
— | Tetsu Katayama | Katayama | 24 May 1947 | Acting; concurrently Prime Minister |
74 | Kozaemon Kimura | Katayama | 1 June 1947 | Office abolished 31 December 1947 |
Notes
- ^ Ozaki, p. 10.
- ^ Beasley, The Rise of modern Japan, pp.66
- ^ Samuels, Rich Nation Strong Army. pp.37
- ^ Ben-Ami Shillony, Politics and Culture in Wartime Japan, 1999, p.94
- ^ Ben-Ami Shillony, Politics and Culture in Wartime Japan, p.95
- Hirohito and the making of modern Japan, 2001, p. 538, citing Kinkabara Samon and Takemae Eiji, Showashi : kokumin non naka no haran to gekido no hanseiki-zohoban, 1989, p.244 .
- ^ Beasley, The Rise of modern Japan, pp.229
References
- Beasley, W.G. (2000). The Rise of Modern Japan: Political, Economic, and Social Change since 1850. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-312-23373-6.
- Samuels, Richard J (1996). Rich Nation, Strong Army:National Security and the Technological Transformation of Japan. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-312-23373-6.
- Sims, Richard (2001). Japanese Political History Since the Meiji Renovation 1868–2000. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-312-23915-7.
External links
- National Archives of Japan: Illustrations of Road to Nikko, scroll purchased by Home Ministry (1881) -- see ministry seal in red