Hongwu Tongbao
Copper-alloy (bronze) | |
Years of minting | 1368–1393[1] |
---|---|
Obverse | |
Design | Hongwu Tongbao (洪武通寶) |
Reverse | |
Design | Some versions are blank, while others have reverse inscriptions. |
The Hongwu Tongbao (
Japanese Kōbu Tsūhō cash coins continued to be manufactured well into the seventeenth century as a result of trade with China which caused Ming dynasty era cash coins to circulate in Japan.
History
In 1361 the Minting Department of the Board of Works (寶源局) was set up in Ying Tian Fu (
The production of the Hongwu Tongbao cash coins itself was started in the year 1368, bronze cash coins were cast in five denominations which included 1 wén (小平), 2 wén (折二), 3 wén (折三), 5 wén (折五), and 10 wén (當十), however in 1371 the production of larger sized Hongwu Tongbao and Dazhong Tongbao cash coins were discontinued due to the fact that people didn't accept them for their
From this point the government of the Ming dynasty did not produce any copper coinage at a large scale until the Yongle Tongbao (永樂通寳) was cast for foreign trade between 1408 and 1410, while the production of copper cash coins for domestic circulation didn't resume until the introduction of the Hongzhi Tongbao (弘治通寶) in 1503 by the Beijing mint.[8]
In Japan
In Japan a large number of imported Ming dynasty cash coins (明銭) started circulating as Shichūsen (私鋳銭) from the sixteenth century. On the island of Kyushu a village named Kajiki in the Satsuma Domain produced a large quantity of cash coins between the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries as Satsuma had a very active trade with the Ryukyu Kingdom, these imitations of Ming dynasty cash coins bore the inscription "Kōbu Tsūhō" but had the Kanji character "治" (Ji) on its reverse to indicate that it was struck in Kajiki.[9]
Mint marks
List of mint marks on Hongwu Tongbao cash coins:[10]
Mint mark | Issuing mint | Image |
---|---|---|
1 wén | ||
一錢 (Yi Qian) |
||
京 (Jing) |
Nanjing mint | |
北平 (Bei Ping) |
Beiping mint | |
鄂 (E) |
Hubei province mint | |
福 (Fu) |
Fujian province mint | |
廣 (Guang) |
Guangdong province mint | |
桂 (Gui) |
Guilin mint, Guangxi province |
|
桂一 (Gui Yi) |
Guilin mint, Guangxi province |
|
濟 (Ji) |
Jinan mint, Shandong province |
|
豫 (Yu) |
Henan province mint | |
浙 (Zhe) |
Zhejiang province mint | |
2 wén | ||
二錢 (Er Qian) |
||
京 (Jing) |
Nanjing mint | |
北平 (Bei Ping) |
Beiping mint | |
鄂 (E) |
Hubei province mint | |
二福 (Er Fu) |
Fujian province mint | |
廣二 (Guang Er) |
Guangdong province mint | |
桂二 (Gui Er) |
Guilin mint, Guangxi province |
|
濟 (Ji) |
Jinan mint, Shandong province |
|
豫 (Yu) |
Henan province mint | |
浙 (Zhe) |
Zhejiang province mint | |
3 wén | ||
三 (San) |
||
三錢 (San Qian) |
||
京 (Jing) |
Nanjing mint | |
北平 (Bei Ping) |
Beiping mint | |
鄂 (E) |
Hubei province mint | |
三福 (San Fu) |
Fujian province mint | |
廣三 (Guang San) |
Guangdong province mint | |
桂三 (Gui San) |
Guilin mint, Guangxi province |
|
濟 (Ji) |
Jinan mint, Shandong province |
|
豫 (Yu) |
Henan province mint | |
浙 (Zhe) |
Zhejiang province mint | |
5 wén | ||
五 (Wu) |
||
五錢 (Wu Qian) |
||
京 (Jing) |
Nanjing mint | |
北平 (Bei Ping) |
Beiping mint | |
鄂 (E) |
Hubei province mint | |
五福 (Wu Fu) |
Fujian province mint | |
廣五 (Guang Wu) |
Guangdong province mint | |
桂五 (Gui Wu) |
Guilin mint, Guangxi province |
|
濟 (Ji) |
Jinan mint, Shandong province |
|
豫 (Yu) |
Henan province mint | |
浙 (Zhe) |
Zhejiang province mint | |
10 wén | ||
十 (Shi) |
||
十一兩 (Shi Yi Liang) |
||
京十 (Jing Shi) |
Nanjing mint | |
北平十 (Bei Ping Shi) |
Beiping mint | |
鄂十 (E Shi) |
Hubei province mint | |
十福 (Shi Fu) |
Fujian province mint | |
十廣 (Shi Guang) |
Guangdong province mint | |
桂十 (Gui Shi) |
Guilin mint, Guangxi province |
|
濟十 (Ji Shi) |
Jinan mint, Shandong province |
|
十豫 (Shi Yu) |
Henan province mint | |
十浙 (Shi Zhe) |
Zhejiang province mint |
Japanese mint marks
Mint mark | Issuing mint | Image |
---|---|---|
治 (Ji) |
Kajiki, Satsuma Domain |
Hongwu Tongbao charms
Usually these Hongwu Tongbao charms and amulets are a lot bigger than actual Hongwu Tongbao cash coins for example being 69 millimeters in diameter. However many of these charms and amulets need to be big because they depict very complex scenes of symbolism on their reverse sides. For example, a large Hongwu Tongbao charm may feature a
See also
Notes
References
Citations
- ^ Numis' Numismatic Encyclopedia. A reference list of 5000 years of Chinese coinage. (Numista) Written on December 9, 2012 • Last edit: June 13, 2013 Retrieved: 30 July 2017.
- ^ "Chinese Cast Coins - MING DYNASTY". By Robert Kokotailo (Calgary Coin & Antique Gallery – Chinese Cast Coins). 2018. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
- ^ Hartill 2005, p. 241.
- ^ "Chinese coins – 中國錢幣". Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture). November 16, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2018.
- ^ Cong Hanxiang (從翰香), Xie Hangsheng (謝杭生) (1992). "Zhiqian (制錢)", in Zhongguo da baike quanshu (中國大百科全書), Zhongguo lishi (中國歷史) (Beijing/Shanghai: Zhongguo da baike quanshu chubanshe), Vol. 3, 1535. (in Mandarin Chinese)
- ^ Hartill 2005, p. 246.
- ^ "zhiqian 制錢, standard cash". By Ulrich Theobald (Chinaknowledge). May 25, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2018.
- ^ Hartill 2005, p. 247.
- ^ "Bitasen 鐚銭". Dr. Luke Roberts at the Department of History - University of California at Santa Barbara. October 24, 2003. Retrieved August 27, 2018.
- ^ Hartill 2005, pp. 242–246.
- ^ Chinese Buddhist Encyclopedia Buddhist Symbols. Retrieved: 23 August 2018.
- ^ "Buddhist Charms - 佛教品壓勝錢 - Buddhism in China". Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture). November 16, 2016. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
- ^ The Language and Iconography of Chinese Charms - Chapter "Temple coins of the Yuan Dynasty" pp. 149-161. Date: 10 December 2016 Temple Coins of the Yuan Dynasty. Vladimir A. Belyaev, Sergey V. Sidorovich. Retrieved = 23 August 2017.
- ^ Invaluable - Lot 149: PAIR HONGWU TONGBAO MARK RING-SHAPED COINS - Empire Auction House - May 27, 2017 - Boston, MA, US. Retrieved: 27 August 2018.
- ^ "Chinese Charms with Coin Inscriptions – 錢文錢。". Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture). November 16, 2016. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
- ^ Fang, Alex Chengyu - Chinese Charms: Art, Religion and Folk Belief (2008)
- ^ Cribb, Joseph - Chinese Coin Shaped Charms (1986).
- ^ Sportstune.com – Section 1.81: "Charms with coin inscriptions: Hung Wu T'ung Pao" by John Ferguson. Retrieved: 23 August 2018.
- ^ Edgar J.Mandel. Metal Charms and Amulets of China.
Sources
- Hartill, David (2005). Cast Chinese Coins: A Historical Catalogue. Trafford. ISBN 978-1-4120-5466-9.
External links
- Media related to Hongwu Tongbao at Wikimedia Commons