House of Braganza

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Most Serene House of Braganza
Sereníssima Casa de Bragança
Parent housePortuguese House of Burgundy
by way of the House of Aviz
CountryPortugal, Brazil
Founded30 December 1442; 581 years ago (1442-12-30)
FounderAfonso I, Duke of Braganza
Current headDuarte Pio, Duke of Braganza
Final ruler
United Kingdom of Portugal,
Brazil and the Algarves:
John VI (1822)
Kingdom of Portugal:
Manuel II (1910)
Empire of Brazil:
Pedro II (1889)
Titles
List
Deposition
Kingdom of Portugal:
1910 Implementation of the Republic
Empire of Brazil:
1889 Proclamation of the Republic
Cadet branchesAgnatic:

Non-agnatic:

The Most Serene House of Braganza (Portuguese: Sereníssima Casa de Bragança), also known as the Brigantine dynasty (dinastia Brigantina), is a dynasty of emperors, kings, princes, and dukes of Portuguese origin which reigned in Europe and the Americas.

The house was founded by

Philippine Dynasty in the Restoration War, resulting in the Duke of Braganza becoming King John IV of Portugal, in 1640. The Braganzas ruled Portugal and the Portuguese Empire from 1640 and with the creation of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves, in 1815, and the subsequent independence of the Empire of Brazil, in 1822, the Braganzas came to rule as the monarchs of Brazil
.

The House of Braganza produced 15

Ferdinand VII of Spain who founded the El Prado Museum), as well as sometime candidates for the thrones of Poland and Greece, Infante Manuel, Count of Ourém and Pedro, Duke of Braganza, respectively, and numerous other notable figures in the histories of Europe and the Americas. The Braganzas were deposed from their thrones in Europe and the Americas at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries, when Emperor Pedro II was deposed in Brazil, in 1889, and when King Manuel II was deposed in Portugal
, in 1910.

Feudal establishment

Afonso I, first Duke of Braganza and founder of the House of Braganza
Isabel of Braganza was the first to intermarry with the royal family, as wife of Infante João, Constable of Portugal.

The House of Braganza originated with Afonso I, an illegitimate son of King John I of Portugal, founder of the House of Aviz, and Inês Pires.[a] Though Afonso was illegitimate, his father valued and cared for him a great deal, demonstrated by his arrangement of Afonso's marriage to Beatriz Pereira de Alvim, daughter of Nuno Álvares Pereira, Portugal's most important general and a personal friend of King John I. As well as increasing his social status by his marriage into a well-established house, Afonso also became the eighth Count of Barcelos, an honour ceded to him by his father-in-law, who had been made the seventh count by John I.

With his newly consolidated place in the

Infante Pedro, Duke of Coimbra. The Duke of Coimbra's regency, however, soon proved unpopular and Afonso quickly became the King's preferred advisor. On 30 December 1442, the Duke of Coimbra, still the King's regent and thus acting in his name, created Afonso as the Duke of Braganza
, as a gesture of good will and reconciliation between the two brothers. Afonso's elevation to the dukedom, the highest level of nobility, marked the foundation of the House of Braganza, which was to become a key family in Portuguese history.

As a result of the hard work and success of Afonso I, his children all secured successful positions and lived privileged lives. Afonso I's first son,

Infante João, Lord of Reguengos de Monsaraz, thus relinking the House of Braganza to the Royal House of Portugal. Isabel's strategic marriage proved successful, and produced four children, whose descendants would be some of the most important in Iberian history. Afonso I's last child and successor, Fernando I, Duke of Braganza
, continued his legacy of prominence in the military and society.

When Fernando I was born, in 1403, his grandfather, Nuno Álvares Pereira, ceded him the title of Count of Arraiolos. Fernando became an accomplished military man, participating in various Portuguese imperial campaigns. Though Fernando I was a popular and powerful member of the nobility, he did not always find himself in the favour of the king, most notably exemplified when Fernando I openly declaimed King Duarte I, at the Portuguese Cortes, on the topic of the rescue and recovery of the King's brother, Infante Fernando, Lord of Salvaterra de Magos from the Moors. However, Fernando I became a favourite of both the royal and imperial government and of King Afonso V, earning him the position of Governor of Ceuta and the titles of Marquis of Vila Viçosa and Count of Neiva.

The Palace of the Dukes, in Guimarães, was seat of the House of Braganza from 1420 until Fernando II of Braganza was executed for treason by King João II in 1483.

Fernando I's children, by his wife, Joana de Castro, Lady of Cadaval, continued to enlarge the influence of the House of Braganza. Of his nine children, all six who survived to adulthood established themselves either through positions or marriages, though the actions of King

Álvaro of Braganza, inherited the fiefs of his mother, becoming the 5th Lord of Ferreira, 4th Lord of Cadaval, and 1st Lord of Tentúgal. Fernando's eldest surviving daughter, Beatriz of Braganza, married Pedro de Meneses, 1st Marquis of Vila Real. Fernando's last surviving child, Guiomar of Braganza, married Henrique de Meneses, 4th Count of Viana do Alentejo
. Ultimately, however, Fernando I's children and grandchildren would suffer great difficulty under the reign of King João II.

By the tenure of the third duke, Fernando II, the House of Braganza was undoubtedly one of the greatest noble houses of Portugal and Iberia as a whole. Fernando II continued the House's legacy of acquisition and gained the title of Duke of Guimarães. To the Duke and the House's downfall, however, King João II's reign concerned itself with the royal consolidation of power and the diminishment of the nobility. In his mission to centralize power, the King executed many nobleman of the great houses of Portugal, alongside confiscating their properties and exiling their families. Fernando II, having been a prominent and powerful nobleman, was accused of treason and executed by King João II; the House's titles and properties were merged into the crown and its members exiled to Castile.

Due to their father's misfortunes, Fernando II's children, from his marriage to

Dinis of Braganza
, married Beatriz de Castro Osório, Countess of Lemos, and had four children with her.

Portuguese Renaissance

Jaime I restored the Braganzas' status after his father's execution and built the Ducal Palace of Vila Viçosa
.
Tangiers
in 1472.

Jaime I's tenure as Duke of Braganza was one of restoration and grandness. Upon his return to Portugal from exile, Jaime took possession of the House's formerly confiscated properties. In order to establish a new image for the House, he ordered the construction of a new seat for the House, which would become one of the largest palaces in Iberia, the

Juan Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán, 3rd Duke of Medina Sidonia
.

The children of Jaime I, both the two first children by his first wife, Leonor of Pérez de Guzman, and the later eight children by his second wife, Joana of Mendoça, all saw successful lives under the restored House of Braganza. Jaime I's first daughter,

Marquis of Ferreira, but had no children. Constantino was famed as a great officer of the Portuguese Empire, having served as the Viceroy of Portuguese India and Captain of Ribeira Grande
, among other positions.

1st Portuguese invasion of Sri Lanka
.

The fifth Duke,

Isabel of Braganza
.

Teodósio I's first son, Jaime of Braganza, died before he could inherit his father's titles, fighting alongside King

Sebastião I at the Battle of Alcácer Quibir. The Duke's only daughter, Isabel of Braganza, married Miguel Luis de Meneses, 1st Duke of Caminha, though their union had no issue. Teodósio I's last child and successor, João I, lived a very different life from Teodósio I's calm and relatively peaceful tenure, having been involved in the controversies of the Portuguese succession crisis of 1580 and the subsequent War of the Portuguese Succession
.

Philip I of Portugal and the Iberian Union was established. In an attempt at reconciliation with the Brigantine House, King Philip I renewed the title of Constable of Portugal, which João I had held previously, to the Duke's first son, Teodósio II
, alongside other title and land grants to the Duke and the House.

João I's daughters, Maria, Serefina, Querubina, and Angélica, were some of the most eligible ladies of Portugal and all Iberia, though the only one to marry was Serefina of Braganza, who married Castilian

Archbishop of Évora
, both receiving their titles and many concessions from King Philip I when the monarch was making amends with the House of Braganza. Unlike his other sons, João I's last son, Filipe of Braganza, died without marriage, children, or titles.

In 1640, John IV of Portugal became the first Braganza to reign as King of Portugal, starting the Portuguese Restoration War.

The seventh Duke, Teodósio II, became famous at a young age, having been made page to King

Sebastião I and having marched into the Battle of Alcácer Quibir, alongside the King and his uncle, Jaime of Braganza, at the age of ten. Teodósio II later pledged his allegiance and became a faithful countryman to the Philippine Dynasty, having even defended Lisbon against King Philip I's rival claimant to the throne, António, Prior of Crato, who had been acclaimed, by his supporters, as King António I of Portugal. In recognition for his military prowess, Teodósio II was made Constable of Portugal. The Duke's support and service to the Philippine Dynasty, earned the Braganzas more lands and titles and, by 1640, the House had amassed around 80,000 vassals, alongside numerous churches, orders, and institutions under its patronage.[1]

In 1603, Teodósio II married

João II, raise the House of Braganza to new heights of power, having launched the Portuguese Restoration War and been acclaimed King João IV of Portugal, thus installing the House as the ruling dynasty of Portugal. Teodósio II's second son, Duarte of Braganza, was made Lord of Vila do Conde and became a diplomat, serving at the court of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
, but later died a prisoner as a cost of the Restoration War. Teodósio II's two other children, Alexandre and Catarina, both died without children, titles, or marriage.

Throne of Portugal

Queen Catherine of Braganza, wife of Charles II of England, credited with introducing the English to tea-drinking, popular with the Portuguese nobility.

By 1640 the wise policies of D. Philip I in respect of Portugal were long past. The country was overtaxed, Portuguese colonies were left unprotected, and the King

Philip III of Portugal no longer had the trust or support of most Portuguese nobility
. He was especially loathed by the powerful Portuguese guild of merchants. Portugal, like the rest of Philip's kingdoms, was on the verge of rebellion.

The eighth Duke of Braganza, D.

João II of Braganza
, had inherited the claim of his grandmother, Infanta Catarina of Portugal, and the remoter claim through of his grandfather João I of Braganza. Because of his claims, the discontent Portuguese nobility asked João II to lead their restoration as their king.

According to court historians, D. João II was a modest man without particular ambitions to the crown. Legend says that his wife, Dona Luisa de Guzmán, daughter of the duke of Medina-Sidonia, urged him to accept the offer, saying "I'd rather be queen for one day than duchess for a lifetime." He accepted the leadership of the rebellion, which was successful, and was acclaimed João IV of Portugal on 1 December 1640.

After the accession of the Braganzas to the throne, the duchy was linked to the Crown. "Duke of Braganza" became the traditional title of the heir to the throne, together with Prince of Brazil and, later, Prince Royal of Portugal, much as Prince of Wales is in the United Kingdom or Prince of Asturias in Spain.

Under D. João's sons D.

Pedro II, the Portuguese colonial empire
, part of which was lost during the Spanish occupation, was restored and expanded, bringing new wealth to Portugal.

The zenith of the Braganza dynasty came with the long reign of D.

1st Marquis of Pombal. The end of the 18th century was characterized by stability, under the rule of Dona Maria I (1777–1816), who discharged Pombal at her accession. Unfortunately Dona Maria became psychologically unstable, displaying similar symptoms to George III
the United Kingdom in his later years.

Realm in Brazil

Queen Maria I became the first monarch of Brazil with the creation of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves in 1815.

In 1808, faced with impending

João VI
, who succeeded in 1816, returned to Portugal.

D.

Emperor D. Pedro I of an independent Brazil in 1822, founding the Empire of Brazil. D. Pedro I ruled Brazil until 1831, when he abdicated in favor of his young son D. Pedro II
, and returned to Portugal to aid his daughter D. Maria II (see below).

D. Pedro II, being only 6 years old at the time of his coronation, had a regency established. The regency would rule until 1840, when the Emperor turned 14 years old. His reign would last until 1889, when the Brazilian monarchy was abolished. His reign would see the abolition of slavery in Brazil, economic growth, and very long periods of tranquility and development in his empire.

Warring branches

João VI's children split the Braganzas into 3 branches: the Brazilian Imperial branch, the Portuguese Constitutional branch, and the exiled Miguelist
branch.

In Portugal, D. Pedro I of Brazil became King as D. Pedro IV (1826), but no one wanted to re-establish the union of Portugal and Brazil. Pedro abdicated the Portuguese throne in favor of his daughter Princess

Miguel was to act as Regent, and to marry Maria when she came of age. In 1828, Miguel instead proclaimed himself King of Portugal and repudiated the liberal constitution granted by D. João VI, trying to establish an absolute monarchy
.

In 1828, Maria II was forced into exile by her uncle, the new King Miguel I. Her father D. Pedro IV of Portugal returned from Brazil, launched a successful military campaign, from the Azores, against Miguel I. He finally defeated and exiled Miguel I in 1834. Though exiled, Miguel would not give up his claim to the throne and would establish the Miguelist branch of the House of Braganza. The strategic marriages of his children to the various royal houses of Europe would earn him the nickname the "Grandfather of Europe" (see Descendants of Miguel I of Portugal).

First Reign of Brazil

King of Portugal
.

On 7 September 1822,

João VI, recognized the independence of the new state, the former Portuguese dominion, now Empire of Brazil
.

Pedro I encountered a number of crises during his reign. A secessionist rebellion in the

Cisplatine Province in early 1825 and the subsequent attempt by the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (later Argentina) to annex Cisplatina led the Empire into the failed Cisplatine War. In March 1826, João VI died and Pedro I inherited the Portuguese crown, briefly becoming King Pedro IV of Portugal before abdicating in favor of his eldest daughter, Maria II. The situation worsened in 1828 when the war in the south ended with Brazil's loss of Cisplatina, which would become the independent republic of Uruguay. During the same year in Lisbon, Maria II's throne was usurped by Prince Miguel
, Pedro I's younger brother.

Other difficulties arose when the Empire's parliament opened in 1826. Pedro I, along with a significant percentage of the legislature, argued for an independent judiciary, a popularly elected legislature and a government which would be led by the emperor who held broad executive powers and prerogatives. Others in parliament argued for a similar structure, only with a less influential role for the monarch and the legislative branch being dominant in policy and governance.

The struggle over whether the government would be dominated by the emperor or by the parliament was carried over into debates from 1826 to 1831 on the establishment of the governmental and political structure. Unable to deal with the problems in both Brazil and Portugal simultaneously, the Emperor abdicated on behalf of his son, Pedro II, on 7 April 1831 and immediately sailed for Europe to restore his daughter to her throne.

Second Reign of Brazil

Emperor of Brazil after the Proclamation of the Republic of Brazil
in 1889.
Isabel of Braganza, Princess Imperial of Brazil signed the Lei Áurea in 1888, abolishing slavery in Brazil.

Pedro I's successor in Brazil was his five-year-old son, Pedro II. As the latter was still a minor, a weak regency was created. The power vacuum resulting from the absence of a ruling monarch as the ultimate arbiter in political disputes led to regional civil wars between local factions. Having inherited an empire on the verge of disintegration, Pedro II, once he was declared of age in 1840, at 14 years old, managed to bring peace and stability to the country, which eventually became an emerging international power. Brazil was victorious in three international conflicts (the

Princess Isabel
.

Even though the last four decades of Pedro II's reign were marked by continuous internal peace and economic prosperity, he had no desire to see the monarchy survive beyond his lifetime and made no effort to maintain support for the institution. The next in line to the throne was his daughter Isabel, but neither Pedro II nor the ruling classes considered a female monarch acceptable.[citation needed] Lacking any viable heir, the Empire's political leaders saw no reason to defend the monarchy. Although there was no desire among the majority of Brazilians to change the country's form of government, republicans began pressuring army officers to overthrow the monarchy. After a 58-year reign, on 15 November 1889 the Emperor was overthrown in a sudden coup d'état led by a clique of military leaders whose goal was the formation of a republic headed by a dictator, forming the First Brazilian Republic. Throughout the coup Pedro II dismissed all suggestions put forward by politicians and military leaders for quelling the rebellion. The Emperor and his family were exiled to the Portuguese kingdom and France. Although there was significant monarchist reaction after the fall of the Empire,[citation needed] this was thoroughly suppressed, and neither Pedro II nor his daughter and heiress supported a forced restoration.

Constitutional Kings

King of Portugal
and the last Braganza to rule as a monarch.

In 1835, Queen Maria II of Portugal married Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, later King Ferdinand II of Portugal. Despite the tradition of following the custom of patrilineal descent of royal houses, common throughout Europe, Article 5 of the Portuguese constitution of 1826 stated that "The Reigning Dynasty of the Most Serene House of Braganza Shall Continue in the Person of Lady Princess Maria da Glória, by the Abdication and Cession of Her August Father Lord Pedro I, Emperor of Brazil, Legitimate Heir and Successor of Lord João VI.".[2]

Maria II was succeeded in 1853 by her son D. Pedro V, a hard-working reformer who died prematurely in 1861 due to cholera. D. Pedro V was succeeded by his brother D. Luís, as D. Pedro V had no children.

D. Luís I was succeeded in 1889 by his son D.

Portuguese East Africa to the British
. Pursuant to his unpopularity, the monarchy became increasingly unpopular in the country.

King Carlos I was

Portuguese First Republic, but he would continue to support his fatherland until his death.[citation needed
]

Modern Braganzas

Portuguese Braganzas

Crown of Portugal
since 1976.

After the revolution of 1910, King Manuel II settled in England until his death in 1932. He was childless, and descendants of Miguel of Braganza (the usurper of 1826) claimed the throne. In 1920–22, the two (of the now four) branches of the House of Braganza negotiated an alleged pact under which Manuel II named as his heir Duarte Nuno of Braganza[citation needed], grandson of Miguel. Duarte Nuno, now Duke of Braganza, remained the Braganza pretender until his death in 1976. In 1942, he married a great-granddaughter of Emperor Pedro II of Brazil, uniting the two lines of the House.

In 1950 Portugal repealed the law of exile against the Braganzas,[3] and D. Duarte Nuno moved to the country in 1952.

Duarte Nuno was succeeded as pretender by his son, Duarte Pio of Braganza (born 1945). Duarte Pio served in the Portuguese Armed Forces and took the customary oath of allegiance to the Republic, but Portuguese monarchists recognize him as the pretender to the Portuguese throne. In 1995 he married Isabel de Herédia, a Portuguese businesswoman and descendant of Francisco Correia de Herédia, Viscount of Ribeira Brava[4] (a Vitalício title,[4] meaning Life peerage). He worked actively in support of the independence of East Timor from Indonesia.

Duarte Pio and Isabel have three children. Duarte Pio's oldest son is Afonso de Santa Maria, who bears the traditional titles of Prince of Beira (as heir apparent to the Portuguese pretender) and Duke of Barcelos (as heir apparent to the Duke of Braganza).[citation needed] He has a brother Dinis, Duke of Porto, and a sister, Infanta Maria Francisca.

Brazilian Imperial Family
since the death of his older brother in 2022.

Maria Pia of Saxe-Coburg and Braganza, who claimed she was an illegitimate daughter of King Carlos I of Portugal, began asserting that she was the heir to the throne from 1957. Allegedly, she adopted the Italian Rosario Poidimani, transferring her claimed rights to the Portuguese throne to him.

Brazilian Braganzas

Main articles:
Brazilian Imperial Family and House of Orléans-Braganza

After the military coup of 1889, Emperor Dom Pedro II settled in France until his death in 1891. His eldest daughter and family went to live in the

Dona Isabel I of Brazil
until her death in 1921.

She was succeeded by her grandson,

Prince Luiz of Orléans-Braganza
.

With the end of the banishment of the Imperial Family in 1920, some princes returned to live in Brazil, while another remained in Europe. After the end of World War II, Prince Pedro Henrique, then Head of the Imperial House and married to Princess Maria Elisabeth of Bavaria, returned to Brazil with his family.

The Imperial House of Brazil divided into rival branches because of the renunciation of Pedro de Alcântara, Prince of Grão-Pará in 1908 and the subsequent repudiation of that act by his descendants.[5]

While some members of the two branches of the family subsequently lived in the

Prince Luiz Gastão of Orléans-Braganza, participated in the restoration effort,[5] and the Head of the Vassouras branch continues to lead a growing movement to restore the monarchy.[citation needed
]

Braganza dukes and monarchs

Main articles: List of Dukes of Braganza, List of Portuguese monarchs, and List of monarchs of Brazil
D. João II of Braganza – The first Braganza King of Portugal as King João IV.
King of Portugal
as Emperor-King Pedro I & IV.

Dukes of Braganza (before ascension to the throne)

Name Became duke Notes
Afonso I of Braganza 1442 Duke of Braganza; Count of Barcelos
Fernando I of Braganza 1461 Duke of Braganza; Marquis of Vila Viçosa
Fernando II of Braganza 1478 Duke of Braganza; Duke of Guimarães
Jaime I of Braganza
 1498 Duke of Braganza
Teodósio I of Braganza 1532 Duke of Braganza;
ceded Dukedom of Guimarães
João I of Braganza 1563 Duke of Braganza; Duke of Barcelos
Teodósio II of Braganza 1583 Duke of Braganza
João II of Braganza 1630 Duke of Braganza; Duke of Guimarães;
first Braganza monarch of Portugal

Monarchs of Portugal

Name Became monarch Notes
João IV of Portugal
 1640 King of Portugal and the Algarves;
first Braganza monarch of Portugal
Afonso VI of Portugal 1656 King of Portugal and the Algarves;
died without heir
Pedro II of Portugal
 1683 King of Portugal and the Algarves;
brother of Afonso VI
João V of Portugal
 1706 King of Portugal and the Algarves
José I of Portugal
 1750 King of Portugal and the Algarves
Pedro III of Portugal
 1777 Queen and King of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves
João VI of Portugal
 1816 King of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves;
Titular Emperor of Brazil
Pedro IV of Portugal
 1826 King of Portugal and the Algarves;
Emperor of Brazil
Maria II of Portugal 1826 Queen of Portugal and the Algarves;
lost throne to Miguel I in 1828;
regained throne in 1834
Miguel I of Portugal 1828 King of Portugal and the Algarves;
reigned for 6 years; succeeded by Maria II
Pedro V of Portugal 1853 King of Portugal and the Algarves
Luís I of Portugal 1861 King of Portugal and the Algarves
Carlos I of Portugal 1889 King of Portugal and the Algarves;
assassinated in Lisbon Regicide
Manuel II of Portugal 1908 King of Portugal and the Algarves;
last monarch of Portugal

Monarchs of Brazil

Name Became monarch Notes
Maria I of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves 1815 Queen and founder of the
United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves
John VI of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves 1816 King of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves;
Titular Emperor of Brazil; last King of Brazil
Pedro I of Brazil 1822 Emperor of Brazil; proclaimer of
Brazilian Independence

King of Portugal and the Algarves
Pedro II of Brazil 1831 Emperor of Brazil; last Emperor of Brazil

Symbols

Wyvern

The Sceptre of the Dragon.

The traditional symbol and crest of the House of Braganza is a green wyvern, commonly taken to be a dragon,[7][8][9] representing Saint George,[10] patron saint of Portugal.

This symbol can be found in many different monuments in Portugal and Brazil, such as the Monument to the Independence of Brazil in São Paulo and in the palaces of the Imperial family in Rio de Janeiro and Petrópolis. It is famously found atop the Portuguese Crown Sceptre, the Sceptre of the Dragon and the Sceptre of the Emperor of Brazil.

The wyvern is also sometimes used as a supporter in the coat of arms of both the Brazilian and Portuguese branches of the family.

Because of its use in heraldry by the Braganza as the ruling house, and given Pedro IV's link with Porto, a dragon was added to the old coat of arms of the municipality of Porto[7] and is still a part of FC Porto's coat of arms, who are nicknamed "The Dragons".

Curse of the Braganzas

Main article: Curse of the Braganzas

Since the 17th century, the House of Braganza has allegedly suffered from the Curse of the Braganzas (

Franciscan friar, a curse was purportedly placed on King João IV of Portugal
, stating that never again would a first-born male of the Braganza Dynasty live long enough to succeed to the throne. Since the reign of King João IV, all first-born Braganza males, with only three exceptions, have died before they had the opportunity to reign as monarch, either in Portugal or Brazil.

Supposed victims of the Curse of the Braganzas:

Estates and properties

Armorial

See also: List of titles and honours of the Portuguese Crown
Coat of arms Title Tenure Coat of arms Title Tenure Coat of arms Title Tenure
Emperor of Brazil 1822–1889
King of the United Kingdom of
Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves 		1815–1825
King of Portugal
 1640–1910
King of the Algarves
 1640–1910
Prince of Portugal
Prince of Brazil
Prince Royal of Portugal
 1481–present [b]
Prince of Beira 1734–present [c]
Prince Imperial of Brazil 1822–1889
Duke of Braganza
Duke of Guimarães
Duke of Barcelos
Marquis of Vila Viçosa 		1442–present [d]
Duke of Porto 1833–present[e]
Duke of Viseu 1909–present[f]
Duke of Coimbra 1847–present [g]
Count of Ourém
Count of Neiva
Count of Faria 		1451–present[b]

Genealogy

See also:
Genealogical tree of the monarchs of Portugal

Ducal line: Afonso I to Teodósio II (1377–1630)

Genealogical tree of the House of Braganza, during its ducal period, from origins of its founder, Afonso I, Duke of Braganza, to the issue of its last noble duke, Teodósio II, Duke of Braganza:

King Pedro I
King of Portugal and the Algarve
(1320–1367)


Member of the Portuguese House of Burgundy
King João I
King of Portugal and the Algarve
(1357–1433)


Founder of the House of Aviz
Afonso I
1st Duke of Braganza, 8th Count of Barcelos
(1377–1461)

Founder of the House of Braganza
Infanta of Portugal
(1402–1466)
Infante João
Constable of Portugal
(1400–1442)
From his issue
descend the lines of the
Infanta Beatriz
Duchess of Viseu
(1430–1506)
Counts of Odemira
King Manuel I
King of Portugal and the Algarves
(1469–1521)

From his issue
descend the lines of
the Counts of Lemos, the
Infante Duarte
4th Duke of Guimarães
(1515–1540)
Infanta Catarina
Duchess of Braganza
(1540–1614)
Teodósio II
7th Duke of Braganza, 2nd Duke of Barcelos
(1568–1630)
Duarte of Braganza
1st Marquis of Frechilla
(1569–1627)
Duarte of Braganza
Lord of Vila do Conde
(1605–1649)
Dukes
of Frías and Escalona
and
the Marquises of Jarandilla
and Villar de Grajanejos.

Royal line: João IV to João VI (1604–1826)

Genealogical tree of the House of Braganza, from its first monarch, João IV, King of Portugal, to the fracture of the house into its three main branches, in the issue of João VI, King of United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves:

King João IV
King of Portugal and the Algarves
8th Duke of Braganza
(1604–1656)

Queen Consort of England
(1638–1705)

Miguel of Braganza
Duke of Lafões
(1699–1724)

Dukes of Lafões, the
Marquises of Marialva
and of Arronches
Infanta of Portugal
(1739–1771)


Princess of Beira
(1746–1829)
Infanta of Portugal
Marquise of Loulé
(1806–1857)

From their marriage
descends the
Emperor of Brazil
(1825–1891)
From her marriage
descends the
House of Loulé
From her descends
the Constitutional branch of the
House of Braganza		From him descends
the
Brazilian branch
of the
House of Braganza

Constitutional line: Maria II to Manuel II (1819–1932)

Imperial line: Pedro I to Pedro II (1798–1891)

Genealogical tree of the Brazilian branch House of Braganza, from its first monarch,

Emperor of Brazil
.

Emperor of Brazil
(1798–1834)
Princess of Joinville
(1824–1898)
Princess Maria Amélia
Princess of Brazil
(1831–1853)
From her descends the
Constitutional Line		Princess Isabel
Princess Imperial of Brazil
(1846–1921)
Princess Leopoldina
Princess of Brazil
Princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
(1847–1871)
From her descends the
Brazilian Imperial Family

Orléans-Braganza line: Isabel to Luiz & Pedro Carlos (1846–Present)

Genealogical tree of the House of Orléans-Braganza, from its origin to the current claimants:

Vassouras line: The descendants of Prince Luís of Orléans-Braganza

Princess Isabel
Princess Imperial of Brazil
Countess of Eu
(1846-1921)
Prince Luís
Prince Imperial of Brazil
Prince of Orléans-Braganza
(1878-1920)
Prince Antônio Gastão
Prince of Brazil
Prince of Orléans-Braganza
(1881-1918)
Princess Pia Maria
Princess Imperial of Brazil
Princess of Orléans-Braganza
Countess Nicolay
(1913-2000)
Prince Bertrand
Prince and Head of the House of Orléans-Braganza
(b. 1941)
Princess Isabel
Princess of Brazil
Princess of Orléans-Braganza
(1944–2017)
Prince Antônio
Prince Imperial of Brazil
Prince of Orléans-Braganza
(b. 1950)
Princess Eleanora
Princess of Brazil
Princess of Orléans-Braganza
Princess of Ligne
(b. 1953)
Seven more
Princes of Orléans-Braganza
who renounced their dynastic rights
Prince Rafael Antônio
Prince of Grão-Pará
Prince of Orléans-Braganza
(b. 1986)
Princess Maria Gabriela
Princess of Brazil
Princess of Orléans-Braganza
(b. 1989)


Petrópolis line: The descendants of Pedro de Alcântara, Prince of Grão-Pará

Princess Isabel
Princess Imperial of Brazil
(1846–1921)
Prince Luís
Prince Imperial of Brazil
Prince of Orléans-Braganza
(1878–1920)
Prince Antônio Gastão
Prince of Brazil
Prince of Orléans-Braganza
(1881–1918)
Prince João Maria
Prince of Orléans-Braganza
(1916–2005)
Princess Teresa Teodora
Princess of Orléans-Braganza
(1919–2011)
Prince Pedro Carlos
former Crown Princess of Yugoslavia
(b. 1946)

Miguelist line: Miguel I to Duarte Pio (1802–Present)

Agnatic descendants of John IV

Non-agnatic branches

See also

Endnotes

  1. Borba, c. 1350). She was the daughter of Pedro Esteves (for that she is sometimes called Inês Pires Esteves) and Maria Anes ("Grande Enciclopédia Portuguesa e Brasileira", Editorial Enciclopédia, Lisboa, vol. 4, pp. 172; António Caetano de Sousa, "História Genealógica da Casa Real Portuguesa", Atlântida Ed., Coimbra, 1946, vol. 2, pp. 25). Some historians and genealogist claim that her father was a converso
    – a Jew converted to Catholicism (Augusto Soares d' Azevedo Barbosa de Pinho Leal, "Portugal Antigo e Moderno", Cota d' Armas, Lisboa, 1990; Isabel Violante Pereira, "De Mendo da Guarda a D. Manuel I", Livros Horizonte, Lisboa, 2001), while the majority of sources give her a long and well attested noble Christian ancestry (Felgueiras Gayo, "Nobiliário das Famílias de Portugal", Carvalhos de Basto, Braga, 1989).
  2. ^ a b Title currently held by Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza
  3. ^ Title currently held by Afonso, Prince of Beira
  4. ^ Titles currently held by Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza and Afonso, Prince of Beira
  5. ^ Title currently held Infante Dinis, Duke of Porto
  6. ^ Title currently held by Infante Miguel, Duke of Viseu
  7. ^ Title currently held by Infante Maria Francisca, Duchess of Coimbra

References

  1. ^ McMurdo 1889, p. 363.
  2. ^ Portuguese Constitution of 1826 p. Title 1, Article 5.
  3. Diário do Governo
    no. 99/1950, Series I of 1950-05-27, page 323)
  4. ^ a b (in Portuguese) "Nobreza de Portugal e do Brasil", Direcção de Afonso Eduardo Martins Zúquete, Editorial Enciclopédia, 2.ª Edição, Lisboa, 1989, Volume Terceiro, p. 214
  5. ^ a b c Podesta, Don. 20 April 1993. Claimants Dream of New Brazilian Monarchy.
  6. ^ Justiça Eleitoral. Resultado Geral do Plebiscito de 1993.
  7. ^ a b Barbosa 1860, p. 167
  8. ^ Berry 1828, article: America, Independent States of (Note: English translation of a decree of Emperor Dom Pedro I of Brazil)
  9. ^ Brazil 1890, p. 3 (Portuguese Royal decree signed by Prince Regent Dom João on 20 January 1813)
  10. ^ Sousa 1736, p. 28

Sources

  • Barbosa, Ignacio de Vilhena (1860). As cidades e villas da Monarchia portugueza que teem brasão d'armas: Volume I. Lisboa: Typographia do Panorama.
  • McMurdo, Edward (1889). History of Portugal: Volume 3. London: S. Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington.

External links

*
Royal House*
House of Braganza
Cadet branch of the House of Aviz
Regnal titles
Preceded by
House of Habsburg
 Ruling House of the
Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves
1640–1910 		Monarchy Abolished
See First Portuguese Republic
New title Ruling House of the
Kingdom of Brazil
1815–1822 		Independence of Brazil
See Empire of Brazil
New title Ruling House of the
Empire of Brazil
1822–1889 		Monarchy Abolished
See First Brazilian Republic
Titles in pretence
Preceded by
Itself
as the reigning house
 — TITULAR —
Claimant House of the
Portuguese monarchy
1910–present
Reason for succession failure:
Portuguese monarchy abolished 		Incumbent
Preceded by
Itself
as the reigning house
 — TITULAR —
Brazilian monarchy
1889–1921
Reason for succession failure:
Brazilian monarchy abolished
 Succeeded by
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