House of Karen
House of Karen | |
---|---|
Clasp with an eagle and its prey found in Nahavand, believed by Ernst Herzfeld to originally belong to the House of Karen[1] | |
Parent house | Arsacids |
Country | Parthian Empire, Sasanian Empire |
Current head | None, extinct |
Members | Sukhra, Karin, Alanda |
Estate(s) | Nahavand |
Cadet branches | Kamsarakan[2] Qarinvands Masmughans of Damavand |
The House of Karen (
Origin and history
The Karens, Karan-Vands,
The use of the name Karen might also be found earlier in Iranian history. A possible early member of the family was a certain Vishtaspa krny (krny being a variation of Karen) who lived in Bactria during the later Achaemenid period.[6] This figure has been identified with Hystaspes, a member of the Achaemenid royal family who fought under Darius III during Alexander the Great's invasion of Persia. Hystaspes' wife, a granddaughter of Artaxerxes III, fell into Macedonian hands following the Battle of Gaugamela, though he was later reunited with her as well as being raised to a high position under Alexander's command.[7]
However the first verified reference to the Karenas was during the
Following the defeat of the
Karen Spahbeds
- Sukhra (r. 525–550)
- Karin (r. 550–600)
- Alanda (r. 600–635)
- Valash (r. 650–673)
- Several Karen princes (r. 673–765)
- Vandad Hormozd(r. 765–815)
- Vandad Safan (r. 765–800)
- Karin ibn Vandad Hormozd (r. 815–816)
- Mazyar (r. 817)
- Vinda-Umid (r. 800–820)
- Bavand rule (r. 817)
- Quhyar (r. 817–823)
- Mazyar (r. 823-839/840)
- Quhyar (r. 839)
See also
- Seven Parthian clans
References
- ^ Herzfeld 1928, pp. 21–22.
- ^ a b Toumanoff 2010, pp. 453–455.
- ^ Arthur George Warner, Edmond Warner, The Shahnama of Firdausi:, Volume 7 (2013), p. 185
- ^ Movses Khorenatsi (trans. by R. W. Thompson), History of the Armenians (1978), p. 166
- ^ Shayegan, M. Rahim (2016). "The Arsacids and Commagne". In Pendleton, Elizabeth; Alram, Michael; Daryaee, Touraj; Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh (eds.). The Parthian and Early Sasanian Empires: Adaptation and Expansion. Conference held in Vienna 14–16 June 2012. British Institute of Persian Studies. pp. 8–22.
- ^ J. Naveh, S. Shaked, Aramaic Documents from Ancient Bactria (2012), p. 191
- ^ Shayegan (2012, p. 12)
- ^ Pourshariati 2017.
Sources
- Schindel, Nikolaus (2013). "KAWĀD I i. Reign". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XVI, Fasc. 2. pp. 136–141.
- Pourshariati, Parvaneh (2008). Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran. London and New York: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-645-3.
- Al-Tabari, Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir(1985–2007). Ehsan Yar-Shater (ed.). The History of Al-Ṭabarī. Vol. 40 vols. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
- Toumanoff, C. (2010). "KAMSARAKAN". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XV, Fasc. 5. pp. 453–455.
- ISBN 0-521-06936-X.
- Frye, R. N. (1986). "Bāwand". The Encyclopedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume I: A–B. Leiden and New York: BRILL. p. 1110. ISBN 90-04-08114-3.
- ISBN 978-0-521-20093-6.
- ISBN 90-04-08114-3.
- Rekaya, M. (1997). "Ḳārinids". The Encyclopedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume IV: Iran–Kha. Leiden and New York: BRILL. pp. 644–647. ISBN 90-04-05745-5.
- ISBN 978-0-521-20093-6.
- Ibn Isfandiyar, Muhammad ibn al-Hasan (1905). An Abridged Translation of the History of Tabaristan, Compiled About A.H. 613 (A.D. 1216). Trans. Edward G. Browne. Leyden: E.J. Brill.
- Pourshariati, Parvaneh (2017). "KĀRIN". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
- Herzfeld, Ernst (1928). "The Hoard of the Kâren Pahlavs". The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs. 52 (298). Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. 52, no. 298: 21–27. JSTOR 863510.