House of Nassau
House of Nassau | |
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cognatic line) | |
Titles |
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Estate(s) | agnatic line) |
Cadet branches | House of Nassau-Weilburg House of Orange-Nassau House of Nassau-Corroy |
The House of Nassau is a diversified aristocratic dynasty in Europe. It is named after the lordship associated with Nassau Castle, located in present-day Nassau, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. With the fall of the Hohenstaufen in the first half of the 13th century royal power within Franconia evaporated and the former
At the end of the Holy Roman Empire and the Napoleonic Wars, the Walramian branch had inherited or acquired all the Nassau ancestral lands and proclaimed themselves, with the permission of the Congress of Vienna, the "Dukes of Nassau", forming the independent state of Nassau with its capital at Wiesbaden; this territory today mainly lies in the German Federal State of Hesse, and partially in the neighbouring State of Rhineland-Palatinate. The Duchy was annexed in 1866 after the Austrian-Prussian War as an ally of Austria by Prussia. It was subsequently incorporated into the newly created Prussian Province of Hesse-Nassau.
Today, the term Nassau is used in Germany as a name for a geographical, historical and cultural region, but no longer has any political meaning. All Dutch and Luxembourgish monarchs since 1815 have been senior members of the House of Nassau. However, in 1890 in the Netherlands and in 1912 in Luxembourg, the male lines of heirs to the two thrones became extinct, so that since then, they have descended in the female line from the House of Nassau.
According to German tradition, the family name is passed on only in the male line of succession. The House would therefore, from this German perspective, have been extinct since 1985.
Origins
The area that came to be the county of Nassau was part of the Duchy of Franconia. When Franconia fragmented in the early 13th century with the fall of the Hohenstaufen, Nassau emerged as an independent state as part of the Holy Roman Empire.
Count
Dudo is mentioned as Tuto de Lurinburg between 1093 and 1117. Dudo built the castle of Laurenburg on the Lahn a few kilometers upriver from Nassau around 1090 as the seat of his lordship.[6] He is first mentioned in a document in the purported founding-charter of Maria Laach Abbey in 1093 (although many historians consider the document to be fabricated). In 1159, Nassau Castle became the ruling seat, and the house is now named after this castle. In a charter dated 1134 (after his death) he is mentioned as Count of Laurenburg.[3]
In 1117, Dudo donated land to Schaffhausen Abbey for construction of a monastery in Lipporn. Around 1117,
In 1122, Dudo received the castle of
The Counts of Laurenburg and Nassau expanded their authority under the brothers
The chronology of the Counts of Laurenburg is not certain and the link between Robert I and Walram I is especially controversial. Also, some sources consider Gerhard, listed as co-Count of Laurenburg in 1148, to be the son of Robert I's brother,
Geography
As noted above, the county of Nassau was part of the stem
Nassau, originally a county, but part of the duchy of Franconia, developed on the lower
The Nassauers held the territory between the
In 1255, after the Counts of Nassau acquired the estates of
List of rulers
Counts of Laurenburg (ca. 1093–1159) and Nassau (1159–1255)
In 1255, Henry II's sons,
The Walramian Line (1255–1985)
The Walramian Line concentrated their efforts primarily on their German lands. The exception was
After Gerlach's death, the possessions of the Walram line were divided into Nassau-Weilburg and Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein.
Nassau-Weilburg (1344–1816)
Count Walram II began the Countship of Nassau in Weilburg (Nassau-Weilburg), which existed to 1816. The Walram line also received the lordship of
From 1815 to 1839,
and from 1890 the
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Weilburg Castle
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East wing of the castle
Counts of Nassau-Weilburg (1344–1688), Princely counts of Nassau-Weilburg (1688–1816) and Dukes of Nassau (1816–1866)
Grand Dukes of Luxembourg (from the House of Nassau-Weilburg) – 1890–1912 and succession through a female onwards
- 1890–1905: Adolphe
- 1905–1912: William IV
- 1912–1919: Marie-Adélaïde
- 1919–1964: Charlotte
- 1964–2000: Jean
- 2000–present: Henri
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Berg Castle, Luxembourg
Counts of Merenberg
Count of Merenberg (German:
In 1907 Grand Duke Adolph declared the family non-dynastic/
In 1907, William IV, obtained passage of a law in Luxembourg confirming the exclusion of the Merenbergs from succession to the grand ducal throne. Georg Nikolaus's protests against the Luxembourg
Counts of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein (1344–1728)
From the documentary mention in 1102 until 1721, Idstein was, with interruptions, residence of the Counts of Nassau-Idstein and other Nassau lines. One of the Counts was, as said above,
The Nassau Counts' holdings were subdivided many times among heirs, with the parts being brought together again whenever a line died out. This yielded an older Nassau-Idstein line from 1480 to 1509, later merging once again with Nassau-Wiesbaden and Nassau-Weilburg and, from 1629 to 1721, a newer Nassau-Idstein line.
In 1721, Idstein passed to Nassau-Ottweiler, and in 1728 to Nassau-Usingen, thereby losing its status as a residence town, although it became the seat of the Nassau Archives and of an
In the 1170s, the
Walram's son and successor
In 1355, the County of Nassau-Weilburg was divided among the sons of Gerlach. The County of Nassau's holdings would be subdivided many times among heirs, with the parts being brought together again whenever a line died out. Wiesbaden became the seat of the County of Nassau-Wiesbaden under Count Adolf I (1307–1370), eldest son of Gerlach. It eventually fell back to Nassau-Weilburg in 1605.
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Wiesbaden City Palace
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Idstein Castle
Counts of Nassau-Saarbrücken (1429–1797)
Philipp I ruled both Nassau-Saarbrücken and
In 1507, Count John Ludwig I significantly enlarged his territory. After his death in 1544 the county was split into three parts, the three lines (Ottweiler, Saarbrücken proper and Kirchheim) were all extinct in 1574 and all of Nassau-Saarbrücken was united with Nassau-Weilburg until 1629. This new division, however, was not executed until the Thirty Years' War was over and in 1651 three counties were established: Nassau-Idstein, Nassau-Weilburg and Nassau-Saarbrücken.
Only eight years later, Nassau-Saarbrücken was again divided into:
- Nassau-Saarbrücken proper, fell to Nassau-Ottweiler in 1723
- Nassau-Usingenin 1728
- Nassau-Usingen
In 1735, Nassau-Usingen was divided again into Nassau-Usingen and Nassau-Saarbrücken. In 1797 Nassau-Usingen finally inherited Nassau-Saarbrücken, it was (re-)unified with Nassau-Weilburg and raised to the
After Henry Louis's death, Nassau-Saarbrücken fell to Charles William, Prince of Nassau-Usingen until Adolph came of age in 1805.
Princes of Nassau-Usingen (1659–1816)
The origin of the county lies in the medieval county of Weilnau that was acquired by the counts of
Following Frederick Augustus' death, the princely title was adopted (in pretense) by his half brother through an unequal marriage, Karl Philip. As head of the House in 1907, Wilhelm IV declared the Count of Merenberg non-dynastic; by extension, this would indicate that (according to Luxembourgish laws regarding the House of Nassau) this branch would assume the Salic headship of the house in 1965, following the death of the last male Count of Merenberg.[16]
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Usingen Castle
The Ottonian line
The partition of the county of Nassau between Otto, and his older brother Walram (above), resulted in a permanent division between the 2 branches of the family. The Walramian branch tended to concentrate on their German lands, while the Ottonians, as we will see below, established themselves in the Netherlands and became great magnates, leaders of the
- 1255–1290: Otto I, Count of Nassau in Siegen, Dillenburg, Beilstein, and Ginsberg
- 1290–1303: Joint rule by , sons of Otto I
In 1303, Otto's sons divided the possessions of the Ottonian line.
received Nassau-Hadamar. After John's death. Nassau-Dillenburg fell to Henry.Counts of Nassau-Dillenburg
The Ottonian portion of the county of Nassau was divided and sub-divided, as shown in the genealogical charts below, several times, so that each son of the previous count would have a portion. Eventually, these lines would all die out in favor of the main branch of the family, which had established themselves in The Netherlands.
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Dillenburg Castle
Counts of Nassau-Beilstein
The counts of Nassau in Beilstein were involved mostly in local/regional German affairs in their area of the Rhine.
In 1343, Nassau-Beilstein was split off from Nassau-Dillenburg. After John III's death, Nassau-Beilstein fell back to Nassau-Dillenburg. It was split off again in 1607 (see below) for George, who inherited the rest of Nassau-Dillenburg in 1620.
First Counts and Princes of Nassau-Hadamar
First House of Nassau-Siegen
The branch of Nassau-Siegen was a collateral line of the House of Nassau, and ruled in Siegen. The first Count of Nassau-Siegen was Henry I, Count of Nassau-Siegen (d. 1343), the elder son of Otto I, Count of Nassau. His son Otto II, Count of Nassau-Siegen ruled also in Dillenburg. In 1328, John, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg died unmarried and childless, and Dillenburg fell to Henry I of Nassau-Siegen. For counts of Nassau-Siegen in between 1343 and 1606, see "Counts of Nassau-Dillenburg" above.
Netherland Nassaus/Orange-Nassau
The House of Orange-Nassau stems from the elder branch of the Ottonian Line. The connection was via Engelbert I, who offered his services to the Duke of Burgundy, married in 1403 Johanna van Polanen, the heiress of the barony of Breda, the lordship of den Lek and other lands in the duchy of Brabant at the mouth of the Rhine delta and the Scheldt river. As the Scheldt was the main trade artery in the Burgundian/Habsburg Netherlands during the time, the Netherand Nassaus benefitted from the commerce. These lands formed the core of the Nassau's Dutch possessions.
The importance of the Nassaus grew throughout the 15th and 16th century.
Within the government of the Dutch Republic, The Prince of Orange was also not just another noble among equals in the Netherlands. First, he was the traditional leader of the nation in war and in rebellion against Spain. He was uniquely able to transcend the local issues of the cities, towns and provinces. He was also a sovereign ruler in his own right (see Prince of Orange article). This gave him a great deal of prestige, even in a republic. He was the center of a real court like the Stuarts and Bourbons, French speaking, and extravagant to a scale. It was natural for foreign ambassadors and dignitaries to present themselves to him and consult with him as well as to the States General to which they were officially credited. The marriage policy of the princes, allying themselves twice with the Royal Stuarts, also gave them acceptance into the royal caste of rulers.[18]: 76–77, 80
The house of Orange-Nassau was relatively unlucky in establishing a hereditary dynasty in an age that favoured hereditary rule. The Stuarts and the Bourbons came to power at the same time as the Oranges, the Vasas and Oldenburgs were able to establish a hereditary kingship in Sweden and Denmark, and the Hohenzollerns were able to set themselves on a course to the rule of Germany. The House of Orange was no less gifted than those houses, in fact, some might argue more so, as their ranks included some the foremost statesmen and captains of the time. Although the institutions of the United Provinces became more republican and entrenched as time went on, William the Silent had been offered the countship of Holland and Zealand, and only his assassination prevented his accession to those offices. This fact did not go unforgotten by his successors.[17]: 28–31, 64, 71, 93, 139–141
Besides showing the relationships among the family, the tree above then also points out an extraordinary run of bad luck. In the 211 years from the death of William the Silent to the conquest by France, there was only one time that a son directly succeeded his father as Prince of Orange, Stadholder and Captain-General without a minority (William II). When the Oranges were in power, they also tended to settle for the actualities of power, rather than the appearances, which increasingly tended to upset the ruling regents of the towns and cities. On being offered the dukedom of Gelderland by the States of that province, William III let the offer lapse as liable to raise too much opposition in the other provinces.[18]: 75–83
The main house of Orange-Nassau also spawned several illegitimate branches. These branches contributed to the political and economic history of England and the Netherlands.
With the death of
The Revolutionary and Napoleonic era was a tumultuous episode of the history of both the Ottonian and Walramian branches of the House of Nassau. France's dominance of the international order severely strained the House of Nassau's traditional strategy of international conflict resolution, which was to maintain links with all serious power-brokers through a dynastic network in the hope of playing one off against the other. Despite that both branches of the House of Nassau reinvigorated the dynastic network in the years of liberation, 1812–1814, the post-Napoleonic European order saw both branches set on different historical paths.[20]
After the post-Napoleonic reorganization of Europe, the head of House of Orange-Nassau became "King/Queen of the Netherlands".
Princes of Orange
House of Orange-Nassau
- 1544–1584: William I, also Count of Katzenelnbogen, Vianden, Dietz, Buren and Leerdam and Lord of IJsselstein, Baron of Breda, etc. Stadholder of Holland, Zealand and Utrect, etc.
- 1584–1618: Philip William, also Count of Nassau-Dillenburg, Count of Vianden, Buren and Leerdam and Lord of IJsselstein, Baron of Breda, etc.
- 1618–1625: Maurice, also Count of Nassau-Dillenburg, Count of Vianden, Buren and Leerdam and Lord of IJsselstein, Baron of Breda, etc. Stadholder of Holland, Zealand and Utrect, etc., Captain-General of the Armies of the Dutch Republic.
- 1625–1647: Frederick Henry, also Count of Nassau-Dillenburg, Count of Vianden, Buren and Leerdam and Lord of IJsselstein, Baron of Breda, etc. Stadholder of Holland, Zealand and Utrect, etc., Captain-General of the Armies of the Dutch Republic.
- 1647–1650: William II, also Count of Nassau-Dillenburg, Count of Vianden, Buren and Leerdam and Lord of IJsselstein, Baron of Breda, etc., Stadholder of Holland, Zealand and Utrect, etc., Captain-General of the Armies of the Dutch Republic.
- 1650–1702: William III, also Count of Nassau-Dillenburg, Count of Vianden, Buren and Leerdam, Lord of IJsselstein, Baron of Breda, etc., Stadholder of Holland, Zealand and Utrect, etc., Captain-General of the Armies of the Dutch Republic, and (from 1689) King of England, Scotland, and Ireland
In 1702, the Orange-Nassau line ended with King William III. He named his cousin John William Friso of Nassau-Dietz as his heir in The Netherlands and the principality of Orange, passing over the claims of the Hohenzollerns of Brandenburg/Prussia.
Second House of Orange-Nassau(-Dietz)
- 1702–1711: John William Friso, also Prince of Nassau-Dietz, Count of Vianden, Buren and Leerdam and Lord of IJsselstein, Baron of Breda, etc. Stadholder of Holland, Zealand and Utrect, etc., Captain-General of the Armies of the Dutch Republic.
- 1711–1751: William IV, also Prince of Nassau-Dietz, Count of Vianden, Buren and Leerdam and Lord of IJsselstein, Baron of Breda, etc. Stadholder of Holland, Zealand and Utrect, etc., Captain-General of the Armies of the Dutch Republic.
- 1751–1806: William V, also Prince of Nassau-Dietz, Count of Vianden, Buren and Leerdam and Lord of IJsselstein, Baron of Breda, etc. Stadholder of Holland, Zealand and Utrect, etc., Captain-General of the Armies of the Dutch Republic.
- 1806–1815: William VI, also Prince of Fulda and Count of Corvey, Weingarten and Dortmund; in 1815 became King William I of the Netherlands
Kings and Queens of the Netherlands (from the House of Orange-Nassau-Dietz)
- 1815–1840: William I, also Duke and Grand Duke of Luxemburg and Duke of Limburg
- 1840–1849: William II, also Grand Duke of Luxemburg and Duke of Limburg
- 1849–1890: William III, also Grand Duke of Luxemburg and Duke of Limburg
- 1890–1948: Wilhelmina
Following the laws of the Holy Roman Empire (which was abolished in 1806), the House of Orange-Nassau(-Dietz) has been extinct since the death of Wilhelmina (1962). Dutch laws and the Dutch nation do not consider it extinct.
- 1948–1980: Juliana
- 1980–2013: Beatrix
- 2013–present: Willem-Alexander
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Noordeinde Palace, Den Haag
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Huis ten Bosch, Den Haag
Younger lines of the Ottonian House of Nassau, 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries
When William the Silent inherited the lands of the Netherland Nassaus and the Principality of Orange, the German lands in the county of Nassau went to his younger brother, Jan VI, as shown below, and were subdivided amongst his surviving sons in 1606. A good many of these maintained ties with the Dutch Republic and served as stadholders and officers in the Dutch States Army.
Counts of Nassau-Dillenburg, continuation
The counts of Nassau in Dillenburg were the continuation of the main line of the Ottonian counts of Nassau, although only the 2nd oldest after The Netherlands Nassaus/house of Orange-Nassau. John VI is called the "elder", but this is not in relation to his older brother William the Silent, but in relation to his son, John VII "the Middle" and his grandson, John VIII "the younger". In the male line, the kings of The Netherlands spring from John VI until
Second House of Nassau-Dietz
The counts (later princes in 1650) of Nassau-Dietz continued their service to the
.In his will,
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Diez Castle
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Oranienstein Castle, Diez
Second House of Nassau-Hadamar
Second House of Nassau-Siegen
In 1606, the younger line of Nassau-Siegen was split off from the House of Nassau-Dillenburg for John VII "the Middle". As Dillenburg eventually was inherited by a younger son of John VI (see below), the line of Nassau-Siegen became the elder line of the Ottonian House of Nassau. After John VII of Nassau-Siegen died in 1628, the land was divided:
- His eldest son, Siegand the original castle in Siegen (which after 1695 was called the "Upper Castle"). John VIII was the founder of the Catholic line of Nassau-Siegen.
- Cleves, where he died in December 1679. Between 1638 and 1674, his brother George Frederickruled the Protestant part of the country.
In 1652,
In 1734, the Protestant line died out with the death of Frederick William II. Protestant Nassau-Siegen was annexed by Christian of Nassau-Dillenburg and William IV of Nassau-Diez. When William Hyacinth, the last ruler of the Catholic line, died in 1743, Nassau-Siegen had died out in the male line, and the territory fell to Prince William IV of the Orange-Nassau-Dietz line, who thereby reunited all the lands of the Ottonian line of the House of Nassau.
Elder (Catholic) Line | Younger (Protestant) Line | Dates |
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John VII | 1606–1623 | |
John VIII |
1623–1638 | |
William | 1624–1642 | |
John Maurice | 1632–1636 | |
John Francis Desideratus |
1638–1699 | |
John Maurice | 1642–1679 | |
William Maurice | 1679–1691 | |
Frederick William Adolf | 1691–1722 | |
William Hyacinth | 1699–1743 | |
Frederick William II | 1722–1734 | |
annexed by Nassau-Dillenburg and Orange-Nassau(-Dietz) | 1734 | |
inherited by Orange-Nassau(-Dietz) | 1743 |
Overview of Nassau coats of arms
Background and origins
The ancestral coat of arms of the Ottonian line of the house of Nassau is shown below. Their distant cousins of the Walramian line added a red coronet to distinguish them. There is no documentation on how and why these arms came to be. As a symbol of nobility, the lion was always a popular in western culture going all the way back to Hercules. Using the heraldic insignia of a dominant power was a way, and still is a way, to show loyalty to that power. Not using that insignia is a way to show independence. The Netherlands, as territories bordering on the Holy Roman Empire with its Roman eagle and France with its Fleur-de-lis, had many examples of this. The lion was so heavily used in the Netherlands for various provinces and families (see Leo Belgicus) that it became the national arms of the Dutch Republic, its successor states the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg. Blue, because of its nearness to purple, which in the northern climes tended to fade (red was the other choice), was also a popular color for those with royal aspirations. The billets could have been anything from blocks of wood to abstractions of the reinforcements holding the shield together. The fact that these were arms were very similar to those of the counts of Burgundy (Franche-Comté) did not seem to cause too much confusion. It also held with one of the basic tenants of heraldry, that arms could not be repeated within a kingdom, but Nassau was considered to be in the Kingdom of Germany, while Franche-Comté was in the kingdom of Burgundy (see also Scrope v Grosvenor).[22][23]
Coats of arms of sovereignty also show the territories that the dynasty claims to rule over. The principle ones are depicted below, i.e.
- The Principality of Orange, which gave them their major title and claim to equal status with all the other sovereign rulers of the world, Prince of Orange.
Then,
- The Lordship of Chalons and Arlay, a large set of lands in the Franche-Comté
- The County of Geneva
And in Germany,
- County of Katzenelnbogen a large set of lands near the County of Nassau
- The County of Dietz, also near the County of Nassau
- County of Meurs, bordering on the northeastern Netherlands
Finally, in the Netherlands, the real base of their wealth and power:
- County of Vianden, in the southern Netherlands along the river Meuse.
- Marquisate of Vlissingen (Flushing) and KampenVeere, which sat along the mouth of the Rhine and the trade routes across the North Sea and the world beyond.
- County of Buren, also long the delta of the Rhine, but further inland.
In most of the estates in the more populous provinces of Holland and Zealand, the land itself was secondary to the profit on the commerce that flowed through it.
Arms of dynastic founders | |
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Ottonian (Younger) Line | Walramian (Elder) Line |
Arms of the dominions of the Princes of Orange | |||
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Prince of Orange | Lords of Chalons and Arlay | Counts of Geneva | |
Counts of Katzenelnbogen | County of Dietz | Counts of Vianden | |
Marquis of Vlissingen (Flushing) and KampenVeere | Count of Buren | Count of Meurs |
Arms of branches
Arms of the Grand Dukes of Luxembourg | ||||
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Arms of Adolf of Nassau, King of Germany/King of the Romans (1292–1298)
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Arms of the Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1890–1898)[24]
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Arms of the Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1898–2000)[24]
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Arms of the | Personal Arms of the |
Arms of the Princes of Orange | ||||
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Arms of René of Chalon and Nassau as Prince of Orange, 1530–1544[28] | Arms of the Prince of Orange 1544–1582, 1584–1618[29][30] | Arms of the Prince of Orange, 1582–1584, 1625–1702[31][29][32] | Alternate arms of the Prince of Orange[31][33] | Arms of Ireland, 1688–1702[34]
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Arms of the Kings of the Netherlands
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King of the Netherlands, 1815–1907[35]
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Queens and King of the Netherlands, 1907–present[36]
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Arms of the Prince of Orange/Crown Prince of the Netherlands, 1980–2013[37][38] | Arms of the Princess of Orange/Crown Princess of the Netherlands, 2013–present[39][40] |
Family tree
Family tree of the House of Nassau | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The following family tree is compiled from Wikipedia and the reference cited in the note[41]
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House of Orange and Nassau
A summary family tree of the House of Orange-Nassau[42] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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From the joining of the house of Nassau-Breda/Dillenburg and the Marshal de Turenne .
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Illegitimate lines
Family tree Nassau-den Lek
Family tree of the House of Nassau-den Lek | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Family Tree Nassau-Zuylestein
Family tree of the House of Nassau-Zuylestein | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Family Tree Nassau-Grimhuizen
Family tree of the House of Nassau-Grimhuizen | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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House of Nassau-Dillenburg
House of Nassau-Weilburg
Family tree of the House of Nassau-Weilburg | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Compiled from Wikipedia and these references.[47][48] For ancestors of the House of Nassau-Weilburg, see House of Nassau#Family Tree
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The Grand-Ducal Family of Luxembourg
Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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See also
- Kings of Germany family tree
References
- ^ Grand Duchess Charlotte abdicated in 1964, but she died in 1985
- Clotilde Countess of Nassau-Merenbergis the last patrilineal descendant of the House of Nassau though she descends from a family considered to be non-dynastic
- ^ a b c Hesselfelt (1965).
- ^ Van de Venne & Stols (1937).
- ^ Lück (1981), p. 16–17.
- ^ Dek (1970).
- ISBN 9780809139590
- ^ Steele, F.M., "St. Elizabeth von Schönau and her Visions", American Catholic Quarterly Review, (James Andrew Corcoran, Patrick John Ryan, Edmond Francis Prendergast, eds.) Hardy and Mahony., 1911, p. 393 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Reuling.
- ^ Family tree of the early House of Nassau, retrieved on 2009-01-22.
- ^ Table 11, Page 23 and note on page 151, quoted at Genealogy of the Middle Ages, retrieved on 2009-01-23
- ^ ISSN 0020-8183.
- ^ "The House of Nassau between France and Independence, 1795–1814: Lesser Powers, Strategies of Conflict Resolution, Dynastic Networks".
- ^ ISBN 9780806304427. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
- ^ New York Times. Count Merenberg Protests: Would Not Have a Woman Reign in Luxembourg. 16 June 1907.
- ^ Pütter, Johann Stephan. Primae lineae juris privati Principum speciatim Germanicae. Göttingen, 1789 (3rd ed.).
- ^ a b Rowen, Herbert H. (1988). The princes of Orange: the stadholders in the Dutch Republic. Cambridge University Press.
- ^ ISBN 0-15-518473-3.
- ^ "Treaty between Prussia and Orange-Nassau, Berlin, 1732". Heraldica.org (in French). Retrieved 16 June 2015.
- ^ "The House of Nassau between France and Independence, 1795–1814: Lesser Powers, Strategies of Conflict Resolution, Dynastic Networks".
- ^ "Pałac Gozdzkich – de Nassau". www.warszawa1939.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2009-03-23.
- ISBN 1-85022-043-3(Source: Misc. Rolls of Chanc. Nos 311 and 312.)
- ^ Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles (1909). A COMPLETE GUIDE TO HERALDRY. 16 HENRIETTA STREET, W.C., LONDON AND EDINBURGH: T. C. & E. C. JACK. p. 22.
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: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ a b La Cour grand-ducale (ed.). "Armoiries". Cour de Grand-Ducale de Luxembourg (in French). Luxembourg City, Luxembourg. Retrieved 24 April 2019.:
Armoiries valables du Grand-Duc Adolphe au Grand-Duc Jean
Grandes armes Parti de trois coupé de trois, qui font seize quartiers, les quatre quartiers du centre formant écu sur le tout, écartelé de Nassau et de Luxembourg :
au I de Sarrebruck qui est d'azur semé de croisettes recroisettées au pied fiché d'argent, au lion du même couronné d'or, brochant, au II de Merenberg qui est de sinople au sautoir d'or cantonné de douze croisettes du même, au III de Weilnau qui est d'or à deux léopards de gueules, lampassés d'azur, au IV de Moers, qui est d'or à la fasce de sable, au V de Katzenelnbogen qui est d'or au léopard lionné de gueules, armé et lampassé d'azur, au VI de Nassau qui est d'azur semé de billettes d'or, au lion même, armé et lampassé de gueules, couronné d'or brochant (formant premier quartier du surtout), au VII de Luxembourg qui est burelé d'argent et d'azur, au lion de gueules, armé, lampassé et couronné d'or, la queue fourchue et passée en sautoir, brochant (deuxième quartier surtout), au VIII de Saarwerden, qui est de sable à l'aigle éployée d'argent, armée d'or, lampassée de gueules, au IX de Dietz qui est de gueules à deux léopards d'or, armés et lampassés d'azur, l'un sur l'autre, au X de Luxembourg (voir VII), formant le quartier III du surtout, au XI de Nassau (voir VI), formant le quartier IV du surtout, au XII de Lahr qui est d'or à la fasce de gueules, au XIII de Vianden qui est de gueules à la fasce d'argent, au XIV de Kirchberg, qui est d'argent à trois pals de sable, au XV de Sayn, qui est de gueules à léopard lionné d'or, armé et lampassé d'azur, la queue fourchue (et passé en sautoir), au XVI de Mahlberg qui est d'or au lion de sable, armé, lampassé et couronné de gueules. L'écu est surmonté de six casques, le premier et le sixième couronnés.
Cimiers :
Une tête et col de lévrier contourné d'or, lampassé de gueules, colleté de sable, bordé et bouclé d'argent. Lambrequins d'or et de sable (Moers). Un vol coupé d'argent et de sable. L. d'argent et de sable (Sarrebruck). Un lion assis d'or, lampassé et couronné de gueules, entre deux proboscides d'azur semées de billettes d'or (Nassau). Lambrequins d'or et d'azur. Un vol de sable (pour Luxembourg). Lambrequins d'argent et d'azur. Un vol de sable chargé d'un disque de gueules à deux léopards d'or. L. d'or et de gueules (Diez). Un chapeau pyramidal d'or, la pointe recourbée. L. d'or et de gueules (Sayn). Support : deux lions couronnés d'or, lampassés de gueules, la tête contournée.
L'écu et les supports posés sur quatre rinceaux entrelacés d'or.
Manteau de pourpre, frangé et lié d'or, doublé d'hermines, sommé de la couronne royale.
Théoriquement, les trois ordres : Lion d'Or de Nassau, Couronne de Chêne et Ordre d'Adolphe de Nassau devraient être appendus en bas de l'écu, mais cela ne fut jamais réalisé.
Moyennes armes L'écartelé de Nassau-Luxembourg (formant surtout dans les grandes armes), sommé d'une couronne royale, supporté par les deux lions, le tout sous le manteau de pourpre couronné de la couronne royale.
Petites Armes
L'écartelé Nassau-Luxembourg sommé de la couronne royale (sans supports ni manteau).
- ^ "Other versions of Grand Ducal Arms".
- ^ a b La Cour grand-ducale (ed.). "Armoiries". Cour de Grand-Ducale de Luxembourg (in French). Luxembourg City, Luxembourg. Retrieved 24 April 2019.:
Armoiries fixées par S.A.R. le Grand-Duc Henri
Petites armoiries Ecartelé, aux I et IV de Luxembourg qui est un burelé d'argent et d'azur, au lion de gueules, la queue fourchue et passée en sautoir, armé, lampassé et couronné d'or, aux II et III de Nassau qui est d'azur semé de billettes d'or, au lion couronné d'or, armé et lampassé de gueules.
L'écu est timbré d'une couronne royale.
Armoiries moyennes Les petites armoiries augmentées de supports, à dextre un lion couronné d'or, la tête contournée, la queue fourchue et passée en sautoir, armé et lampassé de gueules, à senestre un lion couronné d'or, la tête contournée, armé et lampassé de gueules.
Grandes armoiries Ecartelé, aux I et IV de Luxembourg qui est burelé d'argent et d'azur, au lion de gueules, la queue fourchue et passée en sautoir, armé, lampassé et couronné d'or, aux II et III Nassau qui est d'azur semé de billettes d'or, au lion couronné du même, armé et lampassé de gueules, sur le tout en cœur de Bourbon de Parme qui est d'azur à trois (deux, une) fleurs de lys d'or à la bordure de gueules chargée de huit coquilles d'argent posées en orle.
L'écu est timbré d'une couronne royale et entouré du ruban et de la croix de l'Ordre de la Couronne de Chêne.
Les supports sont à dextre un lion couronné d'or, la tête contournée, la queue fourchue passée en sautoir, armé et lampassé de gueules, à senestre un lion couronné d'or, la tête contournée, armé et lampassé de gueules, chaque lion tenant un drapeau luxembourgeois frangé d'or.
Le tout est posé sur un manteau de pourpre, double d'hermine, bordé, frangé et lié d'or et sommé d'une couronne royale, les drapeaux dépassant le manteau.
- ^ "Other versions of Grand Ducal Arms".
- ISBN 0-8063-4811-9. Retrieved 26 May 2015.:.
Arms of Rene of Chalons:Ecartelé: I et IV de Châlon-Orange; II et III contre-écartelé d'hermine et d'argent au lion de gueules armé et lampassé d'azur; sur-le-tout écartelé de Nassau et Vianden
- ^ ISBN 0-8063-4811-9. Retrieved 26 May 2015.:
Arms of William the Silent: Ecartelé: au 1. d'azur, semé de billettes d'or au lion d'or, armé et lampassé de gueules, brochant sur le tout (Maison de Nassau); II, d'or, au léopard lionné de gueules, arméc ouronné et lampassé d'azur (Katzenelnbogen); III, de gueules à la fasce d'argent (Vianden); IV, de gueules à deux lions passant l'un sur l'autre; sur-le-tout écartelé, aux I et IV de gueules, à la bande d'or (Châlon), et aux II et III d'or, au cor de chasse d'azur, virolé et lié de gueules (Orange); sur-le-tout-du-tout de cinq points d'or équipolés à quatre d'azur (Genève); un écusson de sable à la fasce d'argent brochant en chef (Marquis de Flessingue et Veere); un écusson de gueules à la fasce bretessée et contre-bretessée d'argent brochant en pointe (Buren). Trois cq. cour. C.:1. un demi-vol cont., coupé d'or sur gu. (Châlon); 2. une ramure de cerf d'or (Orange); 3. un demi-vol de sa., ch. d'un bisque aux armes de Dietz. Supporters: deus lions d'or, arm. et lampasse de gules. D.: JE MAINTIENDRAI
- ^ Herald of Nassau-Vianden (1485–1495). Wapenboek Nassau-Vianden (in Dutch). Duchy of Brabant, Breda?.
- ^ ISBN 0-900455-25-X
- LCCN 65021472.:
He used these arms until 1582 when he purchased the marquisate of Veere and Vlissingen. It had been the property of Philip II since 1567, but had fallen into arrears to the province. In 1580 the Court of Holland ordered it sold. William bought it as it gave him two more votes in the States of Zeeland. He owned the government of the two towns, and so could appoint their magistrates. He already had one as First Noble for Philip William, who had inherited Maartensdijk. This made William the predominant member of the States of Zeeland. It was a smaller version of the countship of Zeeland (& Holland) promised to William, and was a potent political base for his descendants. William then added the shield of Veere and Buren to his arms.
- ^ see Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, death procession
- ISBN 1-85605-469-1.
- ISBN 0-8063-4811-9. Retrieved 26 May 2015.:
Arms of the Kings/Kingdom of the Netherlands: D'azur, semé de billettes, au lion coiffé d'une couronne fermée, le tout d'or, armé et lampassé de gueules, tenant dans sa patte dextre un faisceau de sept flèches d'argent, pointées et empennées d'or, et dans sa patte sénestre, une épée d'argent, garnie d'or, brochant sur le tout
- ^ Rijksvoorlichtingsdienst (RVD) (ed.). "Wapens van leden van het Koninklijk Huis". Coats of Arms of the Dutch Royal Family, Website of the Dutch Monarchy, the Hague (in Dutch). the Hague, the Netherlands. Retrieved 30 April 2012.
Het wapen van het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden (Rijkswapen) en dat van de Koningen der Nederlanden (Koninklijk wapen) is vanaf de oprichting van het Koninkrijk in 1815 identiek. Het Wapen werd in 1907 gewijzigd en laatstelijk vastgesteld bij Koninklijk Besluit van 23 april 1980, nr. 3 (stb. 206) bij de troonsaanvaarding van Koningin Beatrix. De beschrijving van het wapenschild in het eerste artikel is dwingend voorgeschreven, de in het tweede en derde artikel beschreven uitwendige versierselen zijn facultatief. In de praktijk wordt de basisuitvoering van het wapen wel het Klein Rijkswapen genoemd. Het Koninklijk Wapen wordt sinds 1907 gekenmerkt door een gouden klimmende leeuw met gravenkroon. De blauwe achtergrond (het veld) is bezaaid met verticale gouden blokjes. De term bezaaid geeft in de heraldiek aan dat het aantal niet vaststaat, waardoor er ook een aantal niet compleet zijn afgebeeld. Het wapenschild wordt gehouden door twee leeuwen die in profiel zijn afgebeeld. Op het wapenschild is een Koningskroon geplaatst. Op een lint dat onder het wapenschild bevestigd is, staat de spreuk 'Je Maintiendrai'. Bij Koninklijk Besluit van 10 juli 1907 (Stb. 181) werd het Koninklijk Wapen, tevens Rijkswapen, aangepast. De leeuw in het schild en de schildhoudende leeuwen droegen vóór die tijd alle drie de Koninklijke kroon, maar raakten deze kwijt nu de toegevoegde purperen hermelijn gevoerde mantel, gedekt door een purperen baldakijn, een Koningskroon ging dragen. De schildhouders waren vóór 1907 bovendien aanziend in plaats van en profiel.
- ^
Rijksvoorlichtingsdienst (RVD), ed. (8 January 2015). "Wapens van leden van het Koninklijk Huis". Coats of Arms of the Dutch Royal Family, Website of the Dutch Monarchy, the Hague (in Dutch). the Hague, the Netherlands. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
In de wapens van de leden van het Koninklijk Huis zijn steeds in het eerste en vierde kwartier het Rijkswapen en in het tweede en derde kwartier de jachthoorn van het Huis van Oranje opgenomen en in het hartschild is het eigen oorspronkelijke familiewapen geplaatst, ... Het wapen van Prins Constantijn en zijn broers bevat in het eerste en vierde kwartier het Rijkswapen en in het tweede en derde kwartier de jachthoorn van het Huis Oranje. In het hartschild staat het familiewapen Van Amsberg, een gekanteelde witte burcht. Koning Willem-Alexander voerde dit wapen tot zijn troonsbestijging.
- ^ Schimmelpenninck van der Oije, Coen O.A.; Wolleswinkel, Egbert; van den Borne, Jos; Gietman, Conrad (2014), Wapenregister van de Nederlandse adel Hoge Raad van Adel 1814 – 2014 (in Dutch), Uitgave: WBooks, p. 140
- ^
Rijksvoorlichtingsdienst (RVD), ed. (8 January 2015). "Wapens van leden van het Koninklijk Huis". Coats of Arms of the Dutch Royal Family, Website of the Dutch Monarchy, the Hague (in Dutch). the Hague, the Netherlands. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
Het wapen van Koningin Máxima bevat in het eerste en vierde kwartier het Rijkswapen en in het tweede en derde kwartier de jachthoorn van het Huis Oranje. In het hartschild staat het familiewapen Zorreguieta, een burcht met deur en drie kantelen. Als getrouwde vrouw voert zij het wapen in ovale schildvorm...Het wapen van de Prinses van Oranje en haar zusjes bevat in het eerste en vierde kwartier het Rijkswapen en in het tweede en derde kwartier de jachthoorn van het Huis Oranje. In het hartschild staat het familiewapen Zorreguieta, een burcht met deur en drie kantelen
- ^ Schimmelpenninck van der Oije, Coen O.A.; Wolleswinkel, Egbert; van den Borne, Jos; Gietman, Conrad (2014), Wapenregister van de Nederlandse adel Hoge Raad van Adel 1814 – 2014 (in Dutch), Uitgave: WBooks
- ^ Louda, Jiri; Maclagan, Michael (December 12, 1988), "Netherlands and Luxembourg, Table 33", Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe (1st (U.S.) ed.), Clarkson N. Potter, Inc.
- ^ "Official Website of the Dutch Royal House". Rijksvoorlichtingsdienst (RVD), The Hague, the Netherlands. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r MAREK, Miroslav (2012). "GENEALOGY.EU, The House of Nassau". GENEALOGY.EU. Retrieved 2016-11-18.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r "Ancestry.com". ANCESTRY.COM. 2016. Retrieved 2016-11-18.
- S2CID 155502574.
- ^ Louda, Jiri; Maclagan, Michael (December 12, 1988), "Netherlands and Luxembourg, Table 33", Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe (1st (U.S.) ed.), Clarkson N. Potter, Inc.
- ^ Louda, Jiri; Maclagan, Michael (December 12, 1988), "Netherlands and Luxembourg, Table 33", Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe (1st (U.S.) ed.), Clarkson N. Potter, Inc.
- S2CID 155502574.
Sources
- Genealogy of the Middle Ages – House of Nassau
- Nassau-info.de
- Titles of Counts, Princes, and Dukes of Nassau
- Marek, Miroslav. "Nassau Genealogies". Genealogy.EU.[better source needed]
- Hay, Mark Edward, 'The House of Nassau between France and Independence, 1795–1814: Lesser Powers, Strategies of Conflict Resolution, Dynastic Networks', The International History Review, 38/3 (2016), 482–504