House of Vasa
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House of Vasa Vasaätten Wazowie Vazos | |
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John II Casimir (1648–1668) | |
Titles |
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Dissolution | 1672 agnatic line) | (extinct in
Deposition | Sweden: 1654 | (abdication), Poland and Lithuania: 1668 (abdication)
The House of Vasa or Wasa
The Vasa dynasty descended from a fourteenth century
However, his eldest son and successor
Their Catholic son Sigismund III Vasa, then ruler of a short-lived Polish–Swedish union, was usurped in 1599 by John's Protestant brother King Charles IX of Sweden in the War against Sigismund. The dynasty was then split into a Protestant Swedish branch and a Catholic Polish one, which contended for crowns in subsequent wars.
The involvement of the famous Protestant general and King
Kingdom of Sweden
Gustav I of Sweden
Election as king
The election of Gustav Eriksson as a regent made many Swedish nobles, who had so far stayed loyal to King Christian, switch sides. Some noblemen, still loyal to the king, chose to leave Sweden, while others were killed. As a result, the Swedish Privy Council lost old members who were replaced by supporters of Gustav Eriksson. Most fortified cities and castles were conquered by Gustav's rebels, but the strongholds with the best defenses, including Stockholm, were still under Danish control. In 1522, after negotiations between Gustav Eriksson's faction and Lübeck, the Hanseatic city joined the war against Denmark. The winter of 1523 saw their joint forces attack the Danish and Norwegian areas of Scania, Halland, Blekinge, and Bohuslän. During this winter, Christian II was overthrown and replaced by Frederick I. The new king openly claimed the Swedish throne and had hopes Lübeck would abandon the Swedish rebels. The German city, preferring an independent Sweden to a strong Kalmar Union dominated by Denmark, took advantage of the situation and put pressure on the rebels. The city wanted privileges on future trade as well as guarantees regarding the loans they had granted the rebels. The Privy Council and Gustav Eriksson knew the support from Lübeck was absolutely crucial. As a response, the council decided to appoint Gustav Eriksson king.
The ceremonial election of Gustav as king of Sweden took place when the leading men of Sweden met in Strängnäs in June 1523. When the councilors of Sweden had chosen Gustav as king, he met with the two visiting councilors of Lübeck. The German representatives supported the appointment without hesitation and declared it an act of God. Gustav stated he had to bow to what was described as the will of God. In a meeting with the Privy Council, Gustav Eriksson announced his decision to accept. In the following ceremony, led by the deacon of Strängnäs, Laurentius Andreae, Gustav swore the royal oath. The next day, bishops and priests joined Gustav in Roggeborgen where Andreae raised the holy sacrament above a kneeling Gustav Eriksson. Flanked by the councilors of Lübeck, Gustav Eriksson was brought to Strängnäs Cathedral where the king sat down in the choir with the Swedish privy councilors on one side, and the Lübeck representatives on the other. After the hymn "Te Deum", Andreae proclaimed Gustav Eriksson king of Sweden. He was, however, still not crowned. In 1983, in remembrance of the election of Gustav as Swedish king on 6 June, that date was declared the National Day of Sweden.
Eric XIV of Sweden
Eric XIV was born at Tre Kronor on 13 December 1533. Before the age of two, he lost his mother. In 1536, his father, Gustav Vasa, married Margaret Leijonhufvud (1516–51), a Swedish noblewoman. He was crowned as Eric XIV, but was not necessarily the 14th king of Sweden named Eric. He and his brother Charles IX (1604–11) adopted regnal numbers according to Johannes Magnus's partly fictitious history of Sweden. There had, however, been at least six earlier Swedish kings with the name of Eric, as well as pretenders about whom very little is known.
In domestic politics, Eric's ambitions were strongly opposed by the Swedish nobility, including his half-brother, the later John III of Sweden (1537–92). John was the Duke of Finland and was married to a Polish princess, which made him friendly with Poland. John pursued an expansionist policy in Livonia (now Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) which led to contention between the brothers. In 1563, John was seized and tried for high treason by Eric's order.
In the fall of 1568, the dukes and the nobles rebelled, and Eric was dethroned. He was then imprisoned by Duke John, who took power. Eric's most trusted counsellor, Jöran Persson (1530–68), took much of the blame for the actions directed against the nobility during Eric XIV's reign and was executed shortly after John III ascended to the throne.
John III of Sweden
John further initiated peace talks with Denmark and Lübeck to end the Scandinavian Seven Years' War, but rejected the resulting Treaties of Roskilde (1568) where his envoys had accepted far-reaching Danish demands. After two more years of fighting, this war was concluded without many Swedish concessions in the Treaty of Stettin (1570). During the following years he defeated Russia in the Livonian War, and regained Narva by the Treaty of Plussa in 1583. His foreign policy was affected by his connection to Poland; his son Sigismund III Vasa was made king of Poland in 1587.
In January 1569, John was recognized as king by the same riksdag that forced Eric XIV off the throne. But this recognition was not without influence from John; Duke Karl received confirmation on his dukedom without the restrictions of his power that the Arboga articles imposed. The nobility's power and rights were extended and their responsibilities lessened.
John was still concerned about his position as king as long as Eric was alive. In 1571 he ordered Erik's guards to kill him if there was any suspicion of an escape attempt. It is possible this is how Eric died in 1577.
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Sigismund III Vasa was born when his parents, John III and Catherine Jagiellon, were held prisoner by John's brother King Eric XIV, but John replaced Eric in 1568. Sweden had become Protestant, but young Sigismund was raised Catholic. His Polish connection came through his mother, daughter of Sigismund I the Old, and the Jagiellonian dynasty had ruled
From that time his official name and title became "Sigismund III, by the grace of God, king of Poland, grand duke of Lithuania, Ruthenia, Prussia, Masovia, Samogitia, Livonia and also hereditary king of the Swedes, Goths and Wends"; after his father died in 1592, he added "hereditary king of the Swedes, Goths, and Vandals".
- Royal titles in Latin: Sigismundus Tertius Dei gratia rex Poloniæ, magnus dux Lithuaniæ, Russiæ, Prussiæ, Masoviæ, Samogitiæ, Livoniæque, necnon Suecorum, Gothorum Vandalorumque hæreditarius rex.
- English translation: Sigismund III, by the grace of God, king of Poland, grand duke of Lithuania, Ruthenia, Prussia, Masovia, Samogitia, Livonia, and also hereditary king of the Swedes, Goths and Vandals.
Opposition to Sigismund
However, as was often the case with the Polish electoral monarchy, the outcome was strongly contested by the "losers" and a faction of the Polish nobility backed Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria. Upon hearing of his election King Sigismund slipped through the clutches of the Protestants in Sweden and landed in Poland on 7 October. He immediately agreed to give up several royal privileges to the Sejm (parliament) of the Commonwealth in the hope of winning over some of his enemies and settling the disputed election. Lesser Prussian Treasurer Jan Dulski proclaimed him king on behalf of the Crown Marshal Andrzej Opaliński. On 27 December, he was crowned in Wawel Cathedral in Kraków. It seemed that the issue of who would be King of Poland had been settled when Maximilian III invaded at the head of his army to claim his crown. The hostilities did not last long as Hetman Jan Zamoyski at the head of a Polish army loyal to King Sigismund met and successfully defeated the Austrian troops at the Battle of Byczyna and took Maximilian III as prisoner of war. However, at the request of Pope Sixtus V, King Sigismund III released Maximilian who surrendered his claim to the Polish Commonwealth in 1589. King Sigismund also tried to maintain peace with his powerful neighbor by marrying Archduchess Anna of Austria in 1592. It was always his intention to be allied with Catholic Austria against the Protestant forces that were tearing Christendom apart.
Polish-Swedish union
After the death of John III of Sweden, his son Sigismund succeeded to the throne of Sweden. Sigismund at that time was already the elected King of Poland (since 1587). Sigismund certainly valued the Swedish throne and upon learning about the death of his father, and the pretensions to the throne of his uncle, Duke Charles of Södermanland, he asked the Sejm (Polish parliament) for permission to leave the Commonwealth and go to Sweden, where he could secure the Swedish crown. The Sejm gave him permission, and on 3 August 1593, Sigismund, accompanied by his wife, Anna of Habsburg, and other followers, departed for Sweden.
The agreement of 19 February seemed to have calmed the situation; Sigismund was crowned in
Sigismund, however, reneged on his earlier promises, opening Catholic schools, and giving Catholics prominent posts. Charles in turn did not give up on acquiring the Swedish throne and pursued his own political agenda. The new Riksdag he summoned at Arboga in 1597 – again despite the King's orders – saw few participants, and only one from the Privy Council. Even so, Duke Charles did not achieve support for his military action, but initiated it nonetheless. Parts of southern Sweden were successfully taken. Several of the Privy Council members fled to Poland to convince Sigismund to take counteractions. Sigismund sent a diplomatic mission, in an attempt to solve the conflict by negotiations. Charles at first looked ready to negotiate but in fact he was playing for time, trying to confirm his power at another Riksdag (in Arboga), recruiting peasants for his army, and isolating Sigismund's followers.
War against Sigismund
In 1598, the Sejm gave Sigismund the go-ahead to wage a military campaign against his opponents in Sweden; however it refused to give him significant support. Sigismund's army was composed mostly of mercenaries (Germans and Hungarians), supported by a relatively small Polish force (although with some artillery).
Sigismund's campaign was poorly planned. He was unable to coordinate his troop movements with his supporters, particularly Fleming who was supposed to attack Charles from Finland. After initial successes (the taking of Kalmar and defeating Charles' troops at Stegeborg), Sigismund's forces were defeated on September 25, 1598, at the Battle of Stångebro, (also known as the battle of Linköping). Sigismund was captured and forced to hand over some of his followers such as the Chancellor of Sweden, Erik Larsson Sparre, (1550–1600). In May 1599, Charles' forces captured the last fortress held by Sigismund, Kalmar. On July 24, 1599, the Riksdag in Stockholm officially dethroned Sigismund. The new King of Sweden was Charles IX of Sweden, and the Polish–Swedish union was dissolved after barely seven years of existence. In March 1600, some of Sigismund's supporters were executed, including five senators in an event known as the Linköping Bloodbath.
Tsardom of Russia
Polish-Muscovite War (1605–1618)
Russian Homage in 1611
The war can be divided into four stages. In the first stage, certain commonwealth szlachta (nobility), encouraged by some
Hetman of the Crown Stanisław Żółkiewski held a triumphal entry by the Kraków suburb of the Royal Palace, leading with him the prisoners: the Russian tsar Wasyl IV Szujski, his brothers: Dimitri Szujski with his wife - Grand Duchess Ekaterina Grigoryevna, daughter Grigory Malyuta Skuratov and Ivan Shuysky Mikhail Shein, and Filaret, the non-canonical Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia. After early Commonwealth victories (Battle of Klushino), which culminated in Polish forces entering Moscow in 1610, Sigismund's son, Prince Władysław of Poland, was briefly elected tsar.
Władysław IV Vasa – Tsar of Russia
With the intensification of the
Władysław tried to regain the tsar's throne himself, organizing a campaign in 1616. Despite some military victories, he was unable to capture Moscow. The Commonwealth gained some disputed territories in the Truce of Deulino, but Władysław was never able to reign in Russia; the throne during this time was instead held by tsar Michael Romanov. He held on to the title, without any real power, until 1634. Likely, the failure of this campaign showed Władysław the limits of royal power in Poland, as major factors for the failure included significant autonomy of the military commanders, which did not see Władysław as their superior, and lack of funds for the army, as the Polish parliament (sejm) refused to subsidize the war.
Elective-Hereditary Monarchy in Poland-Lithuania
Silver Age
The election sejm of 1632 eventually concluded in the election of Władysław; he had no serious other contenders. The decision on who would be the Commonwealth's next king was reached on 8 November, but as the pacta conventa were not yet ready, the official announcement was delayed until 13 November. In the pacta conventa, Władysław pledged himself to fund a military school and equipment; to find a way to fund a naval fleet; to maintain current alliances; not to raise armies, give offices or military ranks to foreigners, negotiate peace treaties or declare war without the Sejm's approval; not to take a wife without the Senate's approval; to convince his brothers to take an oath to the Commonwealth; and to transfer the profits from the Royal Mint to the Royal Treasury rather than to a private treasury. When the election result had been announced by the Crown Grand Marshal, Łukasz Opaliński, the nobility (szlachta), who had taken part in the election, began festivities in honor of the new king, which lasted three hours. Władysław was crowned in the Wawel Cathedral, in Kraków on 6 February in the following year.
Władysław IV owed nominal allegiance to the Imperial Habsburgs as a member of the Order of the Golden Fleece. His relationship with the Habsburgs was relatively strong; although he was not above carrying some negotiations with their enemies, like France, he refused Cardinal Richelieu's 1635 proposal of an alliance and a full-out war against them, despite potential lure of territorial gains in Silesia. He realized that such a move would cause much unrest in a heavily Catholic Commonwealth, that he likely lacked the authority and power to push such a change of policy through the Sejm, and that the resulting conflict would be very difficult.[42] From 1636 onward, for the next few years, Władysław strengthened his ties with the Habsburgs.
In the meantime, Władysław still tried to take a leading role in European politics, and negotiate a peaceful settlement to the Thirty Years' War, a settlement which he hoped would ease his way into regaining the Swedish crown. Following the armistice of Stuhmsdorf, Władysław came to increasingly realize that his prospects for regaining the Swedish throne were dim. In the years 1636–1638 he proposed several reforms to strengthen his and his dynasty's power in the Commonwealth. His first plan was an attempt to secure a hereditary province within the country, which would not be threatened by the possible power shift following a future royal election; this, however, did not gain sufficient support in the Sejm.
Władysław used the title of the King of Sweden although he had no control over Sweden and never set foot in that country.
John II Casimir Vasa
John Casimir for most of his life remained in the shadow of his older half-brother, Władysław IV Vasa. He had few friends among the Polish nobility. Unfriendly, secretive, dividing his time between lavish partying and religious contemplation, and disliking politics, he did not have a strong power base nor influence at the Polish court, instead supporting unfavorable Habsburg policies. He did, however, display talent as a military commander, showing his abilities in the Smolensk War against Muscovy (1633).
The Deluge
In 1648 John Casimir was elected by the
In 1660 John II Casimir was forced to renounce his claim to the Swedish throne and acknowledge Swedish sovereignty over Livonia and the city of Riga in modern-day Latvia. John Casimir had married his brother's widow, Marie Louise Gonzaga (Polish: Maria Ludwika), who was a major support to the King. Marie Louise suddenly died in 1667 and this may have caused the monarch's early political decline.
Abdication and death
On 16 September 1668, grief-stricken after the death of his wife in the previous year, John II Casimir abdicated the throne of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and returned to France, where he joined the
Continuation in Sweden
Charles IX of Sweden
The Riksdag at
In all these struggles, he was more or less unsuccessful, owing partly to the fact that he and his forces had to oppose superior generals (e.g. Jan Karol Chodkiewicz and Christian IV of Denmark) and partly to sheer ill-luck. Compared with his foreign policy, the domestic policy of Charles IX was comparatively unimportant. It aimed at confirming and supplementing what had already been done during his regency. He did not officially become king until 22 March 1604. The first deed in which the title appears is dated 20 March 1604; but he was not crowned until 15 March 1607.
Gustav II Adolf Vasa
In a round of this dynastic dispute, Gustavus invaded Livonia when he was 31, beginning the
Gustavus was married to Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg, the daughter of John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg, and chose the Prussian city of Elbing as the base for his operations in Germany. He died in the Battle of Lützen in 1632. His early death was a great loss to the Lutheran side. This resulted in large parts of Germany and other countries, which had been conquered for Lutheranism, to be reconquered for Catholicism (via the Counter-Reformation). His involvement in the Thirty Years' War gave rise to the saying that he was the incarnation of "the Lion of the North", or as it is put in German "der Löwe von Mitternacht".
Thirty Years' War
Gustav II Adolf's success in making Sweden one of the great powers of Europe, and perhaps the most important power in the Thirty Years' War after France and Spain, was due not only to his military brilliance, but also to important institutional reforms in Sweden's government. The chief among these reforms was the institution of the first Parish registrations, so that the central government could more efficiently tax and conscript its populace.
Gustavus Adolphus was an extremely able military commander. His innovative tactical integration of infantry, cavalry, logistics and particularly his use of artillery, earned him the title of the "Father of Modern Warfare". Future commanders who studied and admired Gustav II Adolf include Napoleon I of France and Carl von Clausewitz. His advancements in military science made Sweden the dominant Baltic power for the next one hundred years (see Swedish Empire). He is also the only Swedish monarch to be styled "the Great". This decision was made by the Swedish Estates of the Realm, when they convened in 1633. Thus, by their decision he is officially, to this day, to be called Gustaf Adolf the Great (Gustavus Adolphus Magnus).
Gustavus Adolphus was the main figure responsible for the success of Swedish arms during the Thirty Years' War and led his nation to great prestige. As a general, Gustavus Adolphus is famous for employing mobile artillery on the battlefield, as well as very aggressive tactics, where attack was stressed over defense, and mobility and cavalry initiative were emphasized.
Christina, Queen of Sweden
Christina was the only surviving legitimate child of King Gustav II Adolph and his wife Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg. At the age of six she succeeded her father on the throne upon his death at the Battle of Lützen, and began ruling when she reached the age of 18.
Christina is remembered as one of the most educated women of the 1600s. She was fond of paintings, books, manuscripts, and sculptures. With her interest in religion, philosophy, mathematics and alchemy, she attracted many scientists to Stockholm, wanting the city to become the "Athens of the North". She was intelligent, fickle and moody; she rejected the sexual role of a woman. She caused a scandal when she decided not to marry and in 1654 when she abdicated her throne. She changed her name to Kristina Augusta Wasa and converted to Roman Catholicism, adopting the name Christina Alexandra.
At the age of 28 the "Minerva of the North" moved to Rome. The Pope described Christina as "a queen without a realm, a Christian without faith, and a woman without shame". Notwithstanding all that, she became a leader of the theatrical and musical life and protected many Baroque artists, composers, and musicians.
Swedish noblemen
- Johan Kristiernsson Vasa of Örby in the province of Uppland
- Erik Johansson Vasa (1470–1520), Privy Councillor, lord of Rydboholm Castle in the Roslagen
Regents of Sweden
- Kettil Karlsson (c. 1433–1465), Bishop of Linköping, reigned as Lord Protector and Regent of Sweden 1464–1465
Monarchs of Sweden
- Gustav I(born 1496, reigned 1523–1560)
- Eric XIV (reigned 1560–1568)
- John III (reigned 1568–1592)
- Sigismund (reigned 1592–1599)
- Charles IX (reigned 1599–1611; officially became king in March 1604)
- Gustavus Adolphus(Gustav Adolf the Great) (reigned 1611–1632)
- Christina(reigned 1632–1654)
In 1654 Christina, the daughter of Gustavus Adolphus, the
The kings of the
Monarchs of Poland and Lithuania
- Sigismund III Vasa (1587–1632)
- Władysław IV (1632–1648)
- John II Casimir (1648–1668)
John III of Sweden married
However, Sigismund was
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Coat of arms of the Polish branch of the House of Vasa as elected kings of Poland (Lithuania and Ruthenia) and rightful hereditary kings of Sweden (Finland and Estonia)
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Royal banner of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth during the reign of the House of Vasa (1587–1668)
Family tree
Main article (Swedish): Vasaätten
A clickable chart showing the Vasa ancestry and the male line:
House of Vasa Ancestry and Male Line | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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and, a clickable family tree showing the house of Vasa and the descent of all subsequent Swedish Monarchs from them:
Development of the Vasa Arms
See: Category:Coats of arms of the House of Vasa
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document sealed by Kristiern (Vasa) from Öland and his son showing the medieval Vasa arms. | |
Document from Swedish National Archives |
The document shown on the external link from the Swedish National Archives was signed and sealed by Kristiern Nilsson (Vasa) from Öland and his son Kristiern and provides the oldest known version from Sweden of what would become the coat of arms of the Vasa family. The gallery below shows the seal(s) in more detail and later seals.
The coat of arms carried by the family during the Middle Ages have been interpreted in many different ways; they have, among other things, been suggested to represent helmet tilts, building iron, spears with a lily hilt, a fleur-de-lis tipped stave, chess rooks or the tip of a halberd.[4][5][6]
Drots (a medieval Swedish type of justice minister) Kristiern Nilsson moved the medieval coat of arms to the right (heraldic left), while the Swedish Chief Minister Kettil Karlsson (Vasa) moved the coat of arms straight vertically.
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Kristiern Nilssons seal.
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Krister Nilsson (Vasa)'s arms, leaning to the right.
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The Vasa arms and the older Stureätten's coat of arms as chalk painting in Frötuna church in Sweden. Photo of drawing in Uppsala Library.
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Arms Kettil Karlsson (Vasa), bishop in Linköping
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Drawn Kettil Karlsson (Vasa)
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Gustav Vasa'sseal stamp from 1521.
After Gustav Eriksson had become king, the coat of arms was changed in the 1540s to a black vase on a golden shield, which in the 16th century was understood as a sheaf of grain or a fascine. The king later merged his paternal coat of arms with his mother's coat of arms (for the Ekaätten) through the vase received golden tincture, and on a twice-cut shield in blue, silver and red (the place of the colors alternating at the beginning). Why the king created this coat of arms is unknown, but it has been suggested that the ancient noble house of Eka, which was very prominent in the last two centuries of the Middle Ages, gave the king more glory than the rather anonymous origins and arms of his paternal lowly ancestors. The last time something similar happened was when Valdemar, Jarl Birger's son, chose to bear his mother's coat of arms, the royal Danish leopards instead of his father's lion, and it has been speculated in retrospect whether Valdemar considered the coat of arms of the royal Valdemarans to have higher status and prestige than his father's lion.
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Medieval Vasa arms
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Gustav Vasa's arms interpreted as a vase after 1540.
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Ekaätten arms.
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Gustav Vasa's combined arms.
Gustav Vasa's son Erik XIV used for a time a so-called coat of arms: a four-part shield with the coat of arms of the Vasa family as a heart shield, field 1 three crowns, field 2 the coat of arms of Bjälboätten, field 3 the coat of arms of Norway and field 4 the coat of arms of Denmark. This was introduced after Denmark adopted the shield with three crowns in the national shield, to show that after Sweden's liberation from the Kalmar Union, they still claimed that Sweden would obey Denmark.
The Vasa coat of arms was set as an inescutcheon into the Swedish National Coat of arms (see below) when the Vasa's reigned both in Sweden. Since 1810 it has been impaled on the left with the Bernadotte arms on the right as part of the inescutcheon in the Swedish national coat of arms, after the Bernadotte family's first king in Sweden, Karl XIV Johan, was adopted by Karl XIII to show their descent from the Vasa. During the Swedish-Norwegian Union between 1818 and 1905, the coat of arms was also included in Norway's coat of arms as an inescutcheon shield. When the Vasa reigned in Poland, the Vasa arms were used in the inescutcheon of the Polish national coat of arms by the three kings who belonged to the Vasa dynasty, Johan III's son Sigismund, and Sigismund's two sons Vladislav IV of Poland and Johan II Casimir.
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Arms of the Vasa
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Swedish Royal Arms under the Vasas
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Swedish Royal Arms under the Vasas with Crown
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Greater Coat of Arms of Sweden under the Vasa
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Arms of Vasa impaled with theCoat of Arms of Sweden
Vasa Armorial
The following tables show the arms of the kings of Sweden under the Vasa:
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Sweden (small national arms)
From 1222 to 1275, carried the arms of the Kings of Denmark.[7] Arms of 1275 to 1319 : D'azur, à trois barres ondées d'argent, au lion couronné d'or armé et lampassé de gueules, brochant sur le tout[8] (King Magnus III of Sweden used the arms of his father - Birger Jarl - with a crown added to the lion[7]). Arms from 1319 to 1363 : D'azur à trois couronnes d'or posées 2 et 1.[8] |
Vasa
Tranché d'azur et de gueules à la banche d'argent et à la gerbe d'or brochant sur le tout[8] · .[7] | |
House of Vasa 1523 - 1654
Écartelé à la croix pattée d'or, qui est la Croix de Saint-Eric, cantonnée en 1 et 4, d'azur à trois couronnes d'or posées 2 et 1 qui est de Suède moderne, en 2 et 3, d'azur, à trois barres ondées d'argent, au lion couronné d'or armé et lampassé de gueules, brochant sur le tout, qui est de Suède ancien, sur le tout, tranché d'azur et de gueules à la banche d'argent et à la gerbe d'or brochant sur le tout qui est de Vasa.[9][10] in English
Coronation Embroidery of King Greater arms of King | |
House of Vasa, kings of Poland 1587 - 1668
Écartelé au I et IV de gueules, à l'aigle d'argent, becquée, lampassée, membrée, liée et couronnée d'or, au II et III de gueules à un chevalier d’argent, portant un écu d’azur à une croix patriarchale d’or, sur le tout d'azur à trois fleurs de lys d'or in English,
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The following branches were born illegitimate of the Vasa Kings of Sweden, but were enabled under the following names (see family trees above)
Counts of Vasaborg (Comtes, 1646. M. et. en 1754)
Écartelé, aux 1 et 4, d'argent, à deux bars adossés d'azur, lorrés et peautrés de gueules, acc. en chef d'une couronne d'or, aux 2 et 3, de gueules, à un griffon d'or, couronné du même. Sur le tout de sable à un vase d'or, et une cotice en barre de gueules, brochant sur la vase. Trois casques couronnés. Cimiers: 1° un vol coupé alternativement d'azur et de gueules, chaque aile ch. d'une fasce d'argent, brochant sur le coupé; 2° le vase du surtout, entre deux proboscides coupées alternativement de sable et d'or; 3° le griffon, issant, privé des pattes de devant. Lambrequin: à dextre d'argent, d'azur et de gueules, à senestre d'argent, de gueules et d'azur.[10]: 1109 | |
Gyllenhielm. (Barons, 1615. M. ét. en 1650)
Écartelé, au 1, taillé d'azur sur gueules, à la barre d'argent, brochant sur le taillé, à un demi-vase d'or, défaillant à senestre, brochant sur le tout, au 2, d'azur, à une enchaussure senestre de gueules, à une rivière en barre, brochant sur l'azur et le gueules, l'azur chargé d'un lion naissant d'or, lampassé de gueules, mouv. de la rivière, au 3, comme au 2, l'enchaussure à dextre et le lion contourné, au 4, comme au 1 le taillé transformé en tranché et la barre en bande. Deux casques couronnés. Cimiers: 1° un vase d'or, entre deux proboscides coupées, à dextre de gueules sur or, à senestre d'argent sur azur; 2° deux pattes d'ours d'or, posées en pal, tenant une bannière d'azur ch. d'un vase d'or, le tout entre deux bannières tiercées en fasce d'azur, d'or et de gueules.[10] |
See also
- Vasa (disambiguation), listing many things named Vasa
- Swedish monarchs family tree
- Arms of the kings of Sweden (fr)
- Warship Vasa
- Vaasa, Finland
- House of Vasaborg
- Vasa Order of America
- List of Swedish wars
References
- ^ [a b c d] Larsson, Lars-Olof (2002). Gustav Vasa – landsfader eller tyrann?. Stockholm: Prisma. Libris länk. ISBN 91-518-3904-0
- ^ Georg Starbäck in Berättelser ur Sweriges Medeltid, Tredje Bandet pp 264, 275, 278, 291–296 & 321
- ^ "Gustav I Vasa | King of Sweden, Reformer & Founder of Modern Sweden | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2023-09-25. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
- ^ Larsson (2002). Sid 25
- ^ Biographiskt lexicon öfver namnkunnige svenska män: Tjugonde bandet (in Swedish). Uppsala: Wahlström & Låstbom. På P.M. Lindhs förlag. 1852. p. 60. LIBRIS: 11235856.
- ^ Gillingstam (1952), sid. 124
- ^ a b c Louda & Maclagan 1981, p. 60 et 63
- ^ a b c "Héraldique Européenne : Suède". Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ "Avertissement de redirection". google.fr. Retrieved 13 April 2023..
- ^ ISBN 0-8063-4811-9. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
Suède (Rois de) Armes anc.: D'azur, à trois couronnes d'or. Cimier: deux cornes de buffle d'or, ornées chacune à l'extérieur de cinq bannières d'azur, les trabes de gueules. Armes mod.: Écartelé, aux 1 et 4, d'azur, à trois couronnes d'or, aux 2 et 3, d'azur, à trois barres ondées d'argent, et au lion d'or, couronné du même, armé et lampassé de gueules, brochant sur les barres. A la croix pattée d'or, brochant sur l'écartelé. Sur le tout parti: a. tiercé en bande d'azur, d'argent et de gueules, à un vase d'or, brochant sur le tiercé (Wasa); b. d'azur au pont d'argent, sommé de deux tours du même, jeté sur une rivière, le tout surmonté d'une aigle d'or, couronnée du même, acc. en chef de sept étoiles d'or, 4 et 3 (Bernadotte). Supports: deux lions regardants d'or, armés et lampassés de gueules, couronnés de couronnes royales.
- ^ ImageNordic Photos Archived 2014-05-08 at the Wayback Machine
Bibliography
- Gillingstam, Hans (1952). Ätterna Oxenstierna och Vasa under medeltiden (PDF). Stockholm.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ISBN 978-91-1-302439-4.
- Kristina; Rodén, Marie-Louise; Huldt, Cecilia; Melander, Viveca (2006). Brev och skrifter (PDF). Svenska klassiker / utgivna av Svenska akademien. Stockholm: Svenska akademien i samverkan med Atlantis. ISBN 9173531421.
- Larsson, Lars-Olof (2002). Gustav Vasa – landsfader eller tyrann?. Stockholm: Prisma. ISBN 91-518-3904-0.
- ISBN 0-460-04519-9.
External links
- Media related to House of Vasa at Wikimedia Commons