Houses of Parliament (Monet series)

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Thames and the approximate canvas size of 81 cm × 92 cm (32 in × 36 3/8 in).[3][4]
They are, however, painted during different times of the day and weather conditions.

By the time of the Houses of Parliament series, Monet had abandoned his earlier practice of completing a painting on the spot in front of the motif. He carried on refining the images back home in Giverny, France, and sent to London for photographs to help in this. This caused some adverse reaction, but Monet's reply was that his means of creating a work was his own business and it was up to the viewer to judge the final result.

Gallery

Some of the 19 known paintings in the Houses of Parliament series:[5]

Context

The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons, Cleveland Museum of Art, 92 cm (36.2 in) x 123 cm (48.4 in). This painting by J. M. W. Turner depicts the Houses of Parliament as seen from near Waterloo Bridge. Monet painted series of paintings of each of these structures after he gained an "enthusiastic admiration" of Turner's work during the late 1880s.[11][12]

Under exile during the

James Abbott McNeill Whistler, who were similarly fascinated by London's atmosphere and atmospheric effects in general.[15][11] Thus, in 1899, Monet returned to London and rented a room in the Savoy Hotel, which offered an extensive viewpoint from which to begin his series of the city.[13]

Between 1899 and 1905 Monet periodically travelled to London to paint.[13] In addition to the Houses of Parliament paintings, Monet created other paintings of the city's sights, including the Charing Cross Bridge series and Waterloo Bridge series. While Monet began all of the paintings in London, he completed many of them in his studio in Giverny. As a result, some critics question whether the paintings are completely accurate.[16] On the other hand, analyses of solar positioning reported in 2006 show that Monet's paintings "contain elements of accurate observation and may potentially be considered as a proxy indicator for the Victorian smogs and atmospheric states they depict."[16] A 2023 study shows that stylistic changes from more figurative to impressionistic paintings by Turner and Monet over the 19th century strongly covary with increasing levels of air pollution. In particular, stylistic changes in their work toward hazier contours and a whiter color palette are consistent with the optical changes expected from higher atmospheric aerosol concentrations. These results indicate that Turner and Monet’s paintings capture elements of the atmospheric environmental transformation during the Industrial Revolution.[17]


Public display

Impressionists in London

In 2018 the

impressionist artists in London during the Franco-Prussian War. This was a rare occurrence because no museum owns or exhibits more than two in a permanent collection.[18][19]

The paintings were also shown at the Petit Palais when the temporary exhibition travelled from London to Paris.[20]

The six paintings were the examples from the following collections:

Monet & Architecture

Again in 2018 the National Gallery in London exhibited three paintings of the series, together in a single room, for the duration of a temporary exhibition titled Monet & Architecture, devoted to Claude Monet's use of architecture as a means to structure and enliven his art. This was a rare occurrence because no museum owns or exhibits more than two in a permanent collection.[22][23]

The three paintings exhibited were the examples from the following collections:

See also

References

  1. ^ "Claude Monet: The Houses of Parliament (Effect of Fog) (56.135.6) In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. (December 2010)".
  2. ^ "Monet's London | the Credit Suisse Exhibition: Monet & Architecture | National Gallery". YouTube.
  3. ^ "Monet, Claude: Houses of Parliament, London".
  4. TheGuardian.com
    .
  5. ^ "'Monet's view of London parliament for auction', Michael Parsons, 2 May 2015, The Irish Times". The Irish Times.
  6. ^ "Houses of Parliament in the Fog". High Museum of Art. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  7. ^ "Brooklyn Museum". www.brooklynmuseum.org. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  8. ^ "Le Parlement de Londres / Peintures XVIe - XXIe siècles / Chefs-d'Œuvre / Collections - Palais des Beaux Arts de Lille". pba.lille.fr. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  9. ^ The Sun: Source of Light in Art. Edited by Michael Philipp, Ortrud Westheider, Daniel Zamani, Prestel, 2023, p. 228.
  10. ^ "Sammlung". Krefeld (in German). 27 June 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  11. ^
    OCLC 28061909.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link
    )
  12. ^ Monet, Claude (1900–1901), Houses of Parliament, London, retrieved 22 October 2023
  13. ^
    ISSN 1475-4762
    .
  14. OCLC 28061909.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link
    )
  15. S2CID 241749768
    .
  16. ^
    S2CID 129004829
    .
  17. ^ https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2219118120 Individual paintings by artists including Vincent van Gogh and Edvard Munch have been shown to depict specific atmospheric phenomena, raising the question of whether longer-term environmental change influences stylistic trends in painting. Anthropogenic aerosol emissions increased to unprecedented levels during the 19th century as a consequence of the Industrial Revolution, particularly in Western European cities, leading to an optical environment having less contrast and more intensity. Here, we show that trends from more figurative to impressionistic representations in J.M.W. Turner and Claude Monet’s paintings in London and Paris over the 19th century accurately render physical changes in their local optical environment. In particular, we demonstrate that changes in local sulfur dioxide emissions are a highly statistically significant explanatory variable for trends in the contrast and intensity of Turner, Monet, and others’ works, including after controlling for time trends and subject matter. Industrialization altered the environmental context in which Turner and Monet painted, and our results indicate that their paintings capture changes in the optical environment associated with increasingly polluted atmospheres during the Industrial Revolution.
  18. ^ Brown, Mark (18 July 2017). "Monet's UK parliament paintings to feature in Tate Britain exhibition". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
  19. ^ Sooke, Alastair (30 October 2017). "Not very impressionistic, but beautiful all the same – Impressionists in London Tate Britain, review". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
  20. ^ Palais, Petit (1 January 2018). "Impressionists in London". Petit Palais. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
  21. ^ Krefeld, Kuntsmuseen (1 January 2018). "Art Before 1945". Kunstmuseen Krefeld. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
  22. ^ "Monet & Architecture". National Gallery, London. April 2018. Archived from the original on 20 December 2018. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
  23. ^ Cumming, Laura (8 April 2018). "Monet & Architecture". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 December 2018.

Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Houses of Parliament Series (Monet).
  • Baker, Jacob; Thornes, John E. (8 December 2006). "Solar Position within Monet's Houses of Parliament". Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 462 (2076): 3775–3788.
    S2CID 129004829
    .
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